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Reactive oxygen species promote endurance exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 780-792页

作者： scott K.Pow.rs Zsolt Radak Li Li Ji Malcolm Jackson Department of Applied Physiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608USA Research Institute of Sport Science Hungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapest 1123Hungary Department of Kinesiology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55455USA Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L78TXUK

The discovery that contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species(ROS)w.s first reported over 40 years *** prevailing view.in the 1980s w.s that exercise-induced ROS production promotes oxidation of proteins and lipids resulting in muscle ***,a paradigm shift occurred in the 1990s as grow.ng research revealed that ROS are signaling molecules,capable of activating transcriptional activators/coactivators and promoting exercise-induced muscle *** evidence supports the notion that reduction-oxidation(redox)signaling pathw.ys play an important role in the muscle remodeling that occurs in response to endurance exercise *** review.examines the specific role that redox signaling plays in this endurance exercise-induced skeletal muscle *** begin w.th a discussion of the primary sites of ROS production in contracting muscle fibers follow.d by a summary of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of ROS levels in the *** then discuss w.ich redox-sensitive signaling pathw.ys promote endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation and debate the strength of the evidence supporting the notion that redox signaling plays an essential role in muscle adaptation to endurance exercise *** hopes of stimulating future research,w. highlight several important unansw.red questions in this field.

关键词： Antioxidants Mitochondrial biogenesis Radicals Redox signaling

Quantitative Applications of w.ather Satellite Data for Now.asting:Progress and Challenges

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： Jun LI Jing ZHENG Bo LI Min MIN Yanan LIU Chian-Yi LIU Zhenglong LI w.aul MENZEL Timothy J.SCHMIT John L.CINTINEO scott LINDSTROM scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han LIN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA w.xi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized w.ather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few.hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from w.ather satellites,now.asting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,w.ile quantitative applications of those data for now.asting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,w.ter vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(w.nd,snow.hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational aw.reness and storm *** paper provides an overview.of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in now.asting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： w.ather satellite quantitative applications now.asting pre-convection

Stomatal dynamics are regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and guard cell anatomy in nine true mangrove species

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 395-405页

作者： Ya-Dong Qie Qi-w.i Zhang scott A.M.McAdam Kun-Fang Cao State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection Ministry of EducationGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Purdue Center for Plant Biology Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Stomatal regulation is critical for mangroves to survive in the hyper-saline intertidal zone w.ere w.ter stress is severe and w.ter availability is highly ***,very little is know. about the stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit(VPD)in mangroves,and its co-ordination w.th stomatal morphology and leaf hydraulic *** measured the stomatal response to a step increase in VPD in situ,stomatal anatomy,leaf hydraulic vulnerability and pressure-volume traits in nine true mangrove species of five families and collected the data of genome *** aimed to answ.r tw. questions:(1)Does stomatal morphology influence stomatal dynamics in response to a high VPD in mangroves?w.th a consideration of possible influence of genome size on stomatal morphology;and(2)do leaf hydraulic traits influence stomatal sensitivity to VPD in mangroves?w. found that the stomata of mangrove plants w.re highly sensitive to a step rise in VPD and the stomatal responses w.re directly affected by stomatal anatomy and hydraulic ***,denser stomata w.s correlated w.th faster stomatal closure at high VPD across the species of Rhizophoraceae,and stomata size negatively and vein density positively correlated w.th genome *** negative leaf osmotic pressure at the full turgor(πo)w.s related to higher operating steady-state stomatal conductance(gs);and a higher leaf capacitance(Cleaf)and more embolism resistant leaf xylem w.re associated w.th slow.r stomatal responses to an increase in *** addition,stomatal responsiveness to VPD w.s indirectly affected by leaf morphological traits,w.ich w.re affected by site salinity and consequently leaf w.ter *** results demonstrate that mangroves display a unique relationship betw.en genome size,stomatal size and vein packing,and that stomatal responsiveness to VPD is regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and stomatal *** w.rk provides a quantitative framew.rk to better understand of stomatal regulation in mangroves

关键词： Stomatal temporal kinetics Vapour-pressure deficit(VPD) Leaf w.ter relations Leaf hydraulic vulnerability Leaf osmotic potential Genome size

ATP-binding cassette transporters as possible targets for the intervention of neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 721-722页

作者： Hiu Chuen Lok Glenda M.Halliday w.ojin scott Kim Brain and Mind Centre&School of Medical Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters are ubiquitous membrane-bound proteins that are responsible for the translocation of a broad spectrum of substrates across cellular membranes,including lipids,amino acids,nucleosides,sugars,and ***,ABC transporters are highly expressed in the *** their functions in the brain still need to be elucidated,several members are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),and frontotemporal *** this perspective,w. w.ll review.current know.edge of ABC transporters in the central nervous system in terms of physiological functions and pathology in ***,w. w.ll explore the possibilities of ABC transporters as potential targets in the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： sugar degenerative diseases

Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.scott Duncan Sean M.Riordan Matthew.C.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as w.ll as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal CNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review.discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS *** addition,the review.provides an overview.on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

HI in High Gas-phase Metallicity Dw.rf Galaxy w.SEA J230615.06+143927.9

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 292-299页

作者： Yan Guo C.Sengupta T.C.scott P.Lagos Y.Luo Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences(IA Porto) Rua das Estrelas4150-762PortoPortugal

w. present resolved Giant Metrew.ve Radio Telescope H I observations of the high gas-phase metallicity dw.rf galaxy w.SEA J230615.06+143927.9(z = 0.005)(hereafter J2306) and investigate w.ether it could be a Tidal Dw.rf Galaxy(TDG) candidate. TDGs are observed to have higher metallicities than normal dw.rfs. J2306 has an unusual combination of a blue g-r color of 0.23 mag, irregular optical morphology and high-metallicity(12 +log(O/H) = 8.68 ± 0.14), making it an interesting galaxy to study in more detail. w. find J2306 to be an H I rich galaxy w.th a large extended, unperturbed rotating H I disk. Using our H I data w. estimated its dynamical mass and found the galaxy to be dark matter(DM) dominated w.thin its H I radius. The quantity of DM, inferred from its dynamical mass, appears to rule out J2306 as an evolved TDG. A w.de area environment search reveals J2306 to be isolated from any larger galaxies w.ich could have been the source of its high gas metallicity. Additionally, the H I morphology and kinematics of the galaxy show.no indication of a recent merger to explain the *** detailed optical spectroscopic observations of J2306 might provide an answ.r to how.a seemingly ordinary irregular dw.rf galaxy achieved such a high level of metal enrichment.

关键词： galaxies:abundances galaxies:dw.rf galaxies:irregular radio lines:galaxies radio lines:ISM

Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon boreal forest

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： Charles J.KREBS Alice J.KENNEY B.scott GILBERT Rudy BOONSTRA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renew.ble Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

Baseline studies of small rodent populations in undisturbed ecosystems are *** report here 50 years of mon-itoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American boreal forest,the red-backed vole Clethrionomys *** voles breed in summer,w.igh 20–25 g,and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per *** populations have show. consistent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years w.th the only change being that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that *** the last 25 years,w. have measured food resources,predator numbers,and w.nter w.ather,and for 1-year social interactions,to estimate their contribution to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overw.nter *** these potential limiting factors could contribute to changes in density,and w. measured their relative contributions statistically w.th multiple *** rate of w.nter decline in density w.s related to both food supply and w.nter *** rate of summer increase w.s related to summer berry crops and w.ite spruce cone *** measure of predator numbers w.s related to w.nter or summer changes in vole *** w.s a large signal of climate change effects in these *** is no density dependence in summer population grow.h and only a w.ak one in w.nter population *** of our results provide a clear understanding of w.at generates 3–4-year cycles in these voles,and the major missing piece may be an understanding of social interactions at high density.

关键词： boreal forest climate change density dependence population cycles predation w.nter severity

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluw.ni NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.scott Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** review.d and new.data,w. tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and w.ite-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval w.ndow.area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).How.ver,contrary to our predictions,w. did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,betw.en Otomyini and Gerbillinae,w.th extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,w.ich have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low.elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns w.thin Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated w.th high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

Promoting public health through the 2024 Compendium of Physical Activities:Strategies for adults,older adults,and w.eelchair users

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 739-742页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann scott A.Conger Erik A.w.llis Barbara E.Ainsw.rth Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and w.ight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Prevention Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Physical activity(PA)is fundamentally linked to public health,^(1)providing benefits including chronic disease prevention and treatment,^(2)mental health,^(3)musculoskeletal health,^(4)and healthy aging,^(5)along w.th socioeconomic advantages.^(6)These benefits highlight the importance of promoting PA for all *** recent publication of the Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)serves as a valuable resource,^(7)offering an updated and expanded guide for adults(ages 19-59)w.th tailored energy cost values for diverse populations.

关键词： Activities prevention offering