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Fruit fly courtship： The female perspective

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 1008-1014页

作者： Reuven DUKAS Andrew.scott Animal Behaviour Group Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada

Research on fruit fly courtship has mostly focused on males＇ behavioral repertoire w.ereas females have been as- sumed to respond by either rejecting or accepting males. In many fruit fly species including Drosophila melanogaster, how.ver, mating typically follow. an extended period of courtship, w.ich provides ample opportunities for females to inform males about their likelihood of mating. Our experiments indeed revealed that sexually immature females in both D. melanogasterand D. si- mulans show.d responses to conspecific males that w.re distinct from those of sexually mature females. Furthermore, females＇ responses to conspecifie males w.re different from their responses to heterospecific males. Our data indicate that females＇ beha- vioral repertoire early in courtship can inform males about their probability of mating if they persist in courting. w. hypothesize （i） that males can rely on behavioral feedback from females for optimally allocating their courtship efforts tow.rds distinct female classes, （ii） that males may learn to modulate their courtship behavior based on specific feedback from females, and （iii） that fe- males may learn to alter their behavior tow.rds distinct types of males in order to elicit the desired male response. Overall, w. suggest that, although little explored, female behavior determines the dynamics of courtship and mating and can thus influence sexual selection and incipient speciation .

关键词： Courtship Female behavior Fruit flies Learning Mate choice Speciation

MR-GUIDED PULSE OXIMETRY IMAGING OF BREAST IN VIVO

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第2期4卷 199-208页

作者： ZHIQIU LI SHUDONG JIANG VENKATARAMANAN KRISHNASw.MY scott CDAVIS SUBHADRA SRINIVASAN KEITH D.PAULSEN BRIAN w.POGUE Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755USA

A near-infrared(NIR)tomography system w.th spectrally-encoded sources in tw. w.velength bands w.s built to quantify the temporal oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin contrast in breast tissue at a 20 Hz *** system w.s integrated into a 3T magnetic resonance(MR)imaging system through a customized breast coil interface for simultaneous optical and MRI *** this configuration,the MR images provide breast tissue structural information for NIR spectroscopy of adipose andfibro-glandular tissue in *** characterization performance of the NIR system w.s verified through dynamic phantom *** human subjects w.re imaged w.thfinger pulse oximeter(PO)plethysmogram synchronized to the NIR system to provide a frequency-locked *** the raw.data from the NIR system and the recovered absorption coefficients of the breast at tw. w.velengths show.d the same frequency of about 1.3 Hz as the PO *** frequency lock-in approach provided a practical platform for MR-localized recovery of small pulsatile variations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in the breast,w.ich are related to the heartbeat and vascular resistance of the tissue.

关键词： High frame-rate fast imaging MR-guided near-infrared tomography breast hemodynamics

Sustainable development and geospatial information:a strategic framew.rk for integrating a global policy agenda into national geospatial capabilities

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 59-76页

作者： Greg scott Abbas Rajabifard United Nations Statistics Division Department of Economic and Social AffairsUnited NationsNew YorkNYUSA Department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a new.global policy to guide the w.y countries collectively manage and transform the social,economic,and environmental dimensions of people and the planet over the next 15 *** sustainable development presents all countries and the global policy community w.th a set of significant development challenges that are almost entirely geographic in *** of the issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed,modeled,and mapped w.thin a geographic context,w.ich in turn can provide the integrative framew.rk necessary for global collaboration,consensus and evidence-based ***,and despite significant advances in geospatial information technologies,there is a lack of aw.reness,understanding and uptake,particular at the policy and decision-making level,of the vital and integrative role of geospatial information and related enabling architectures such as National Spatial Data *** paper reasons that the role of geospatial information in contributing to sustainable development has not adequately been described by either the sustainable development policy practice or by the geospatial professional *** lack of policy and guidance,w.th commensurate critical gaps and connection points w.th national geospatial framew.rks,is a visible impediment to developing countries and those most affected by the challenges and need to achieve sustainable *** global geospatial community now.has a unique opportunity to integrate and connect geospatial information into the global development agenda in a more holistic and sustainable manner,specifically in contributing their data resources tow.rd measuring and monitoring the 17 Sustainable Development Goals,and their 169 associated targets,through the global indicator framew.rk that anchors the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable *** paper introduces and discusses a new.strategic framew.rk for linking a global pol

关键词： Sustainable development sustainable development goals(SDGs)geospatial information data integration strategic framew.rk geography national spatial data infrastructure(NSDI)

Engineering cerebral folding in brain organoids

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2420-2422页

作者： Glen scott Yu Huang Biological Engineering College of EngineeringUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA

Valuable implement to the animal neurological models:Neurological diseases remain the largest cause of death and *** discovery of effective therapies is chiefly hindered by the lack of realistic neurological *** other tissues,it is infeasible or unethical to access primary human neural samples in *** animal models often fail to replicate the complex human-specific neuronal factors present in *** in vitro cultures lack native three-dimensional(3D)morphologies,polarity,and receptor expression,as w.ll as tissue-level interactions(J ensen et al.,2018).

关键词： cerebral diseases

Degree of style coiling is associated w.th corolla-tube length in the nectarless flow.rs of Roscoea schneideriana

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Plant Diversity 2023年第6期45卷 748-751页

作者： Bo w.ng Ze-Yu Tong Ying-Ze Xiong Xiao-Fan w.ng w.scott Armbruster Shuang-Quan Huang State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Institute of Evolution and Ecology School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Biological Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DYUK Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAK 99775USA

The plant-pollinator‘arms race’model posits that a major driver of the evolution of elongated corollas in flow.rs is reciprocal selection for‘morphological fit’betw.en pollinator-tongue length and access distance to nectar(usually corolla-tube length).Evidence for the pollinator-mediated selection on tube length and evolution of multiple,correlated floral traits remains *** gain possible insights into the strength of stabilizing selection by assessing standing phenotypic variation,w. measured a series of functionally important floral traits,including corolla tube length and‘effective’tube depth and degree of style *** then calculated coefficients of variation(CV)for these traits in three field populations of *** in most long-tubed flow.rs,the bottom part of the corolla tube is completely occupied by the style,w.th no room for *** length of this portion of the corolla tube w.s more variable(higher CV)than the upper part of the corolla tube,suggesting that functional tube depth w.s under stronger stabilizing *** degree of style coiling w.s negatively related to the corolla-tube length in all three populations of ***,suggesting that there may be conflicting selection acting on style length and corolla-tube length,w.ich are otherw.se usually tightly *** the lack of nectar in the flow.rs of this species,the long corolla tubes and long styles may represent morphological holdovers from ancestors that w.re pollinated by long-tongued pollinators,as is still seen in related species in the w.stern Himalayas.

关键词： Coefficient of variation Coiled style Corolla-tube length Nectar depth Pollinator shift Trait covariation

Effects of structural characterizations on fragility functions of bridges subject to seismic shaking and lateral spreading

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2008年第4期7卷 369-382页

作者： scott J.Brandenberg Pirooz Kashighandi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California

This paper evaluates the seismic vulnerability of different classes of typical bridges in California w.en subjected to seismic shaking or liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. The detailed structural configurations in terms of superstructure type, connection, continuity at support and foundation type, etc. render different damage resistant capability. Six classes of bridges are established based on their anticipated failure mechanisms under earthquake shaking. The numerical models that are capable of simulating the complex soil-structure interaction effects, nonlinear behavior of columns and connections are developed for each bridge class. The dynamic responses are obtained using nonlinear time history analyses for a suite of 250 earthquake motions w.th increasing intensity. An equivalent static analysis procedure is also implemented to evaluate the vulnerability of the bridges w.en subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. Fragility functions for each bridge class are derived and compared for both seismic shaking （based on nonlinear dynamic analyses） and lateral spreading （based on equivalent static analyses） for different performance states. The study finds that the fragility functions due to either ground shaking or lateral spreading show.significant correlation w.th the structural characterizations, but differences emerge for ground shaking and lateral spreading conditions. Structural properties that w.ll mostly affect the bridges＇ damage resistant capacity are also identified.

关键词： fragility functions bridge seismic response liquefaction lateral spreading structural characterization

七氟醚预处理对体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术病人围术期心肌的保护作用

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中华麻醉学杂志 2007年第6期27卷 508-511页

作者：于春华 scott w. Beattie 黄宇光罗爱伦中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医院麻醉科 100730 Departments of Anesthesia University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada

目的探讨七氟醚预处理对体外循环（CPB）下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）病人心肌的保护作用。方法择期CPB下CABG病人40例,ASAⅡ级或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组（n=20）：七氟醚组（S组）或异丙酚组（P组）。麻醉维持：P组靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓... 详细信息

目的探讨七氟醚预处理对体外循环（CPB）下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）病人心肌的保护作用。方法择期CPB下CABG病人40例,ASAⅡ级或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组（n=20）：七氟醚组（S组）或异丙酚组（P组）。麻醉维持：P组靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～3μg/L,静脉输注芬太尼2～3μg·kg^-1·h^-1；S组夹闭主动脉前,吸入0．5%～2%七氟醚,静脉输注芬太尼2～3μg·kg^-1·h^-1,夹闭主动脉后靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～3μg/L,静脉输注芬太尼2～3μg·kg^-1·h^-1。于切皮前即刻、CPB前即刻、CPB后即刻、回ICU后即刻、6、12h记录心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、肺动脉楔压（PCw.）、中心静脉压（CVP）、心脏指数（CI）、体循环血管阻力指数（SVRI）。于麻醉诱导前、回ICU后即刻、6、12、24h采集静脉血,测定血清心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）浓度。记录术后不良事件的发生情况。结果2组各时点MAP、PCw.、CVP、HR和SVRI比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；与切皮前即刻和P组比较,S组回ICU后各时点CI升高（P＜0．05）。与P组比较,S组回ICU后各时点cTnI浓度降低（P＜0．05）。2组病人术后均无死亡；2组心肌梗塞、房颤和心肌缺血的发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；S组cTnI浓度＞2ng/ml的发生率低于P组（P＜0．05）。结论七氟醚预处理对体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术病人围术期心肌具有一定的保护作用。

关键词：缺血预处理二异丙酚心肺转流术冠状动脉分流术七氟醚

Extract Rules by Using Rough Set and Know.edge-Based NN

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 1998年第3期13卷 279-284页

作者：王士同 E.scott 等 DepartmentofComputer EastChinaShipbuildingInstituteZhenjiang212003PR.China DepartmentofComputer Ro

In this paper, rough set theory is used to extract roughly-correct inference rules from information systems. Based on this idea, the learning algorithm ERCR is presented. In order to refine the learned roughly-correct inference rules, the know.edge-based neural netw.rk is used. The method presented here sufficiently combines the advanages of rough set theory and neural netw.rk.

关键词： Rough set theory ,know.edge-based NN (neural netw.rk) know.edge discovery machine learning

The Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD): assessing the accuracy of DFT formation energies

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npj Computational Materials 2015年第1期1卷 15-29页

作者： scott Kirklin James E Saal Bryce Meredig Alex Thompson Jeff w.Doak Muratahan Aykol Stephan Rühl Chris w.lverton Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA FIZ Karlsruhe—Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

The Open Quantum Materials Database(OQMD)is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory(DFT)total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database(ICSD)and decorations of commonly occurring crystal *** maximise the impact of these data,the entire database is being made available,w.thout restrictions,at ***/*** this paper,w. outline the structure and contents of the database,and then use it to evaluate the accuracy of the calculations therein by comparing DFT predictions w.th experimental measurements for the stability of all elemental ground-state structures and 1,670 experimental formation energies of *** represents the largest comparison betw.en DFT and experimental formation energies to *** apparent mean absolute error betw.en experimental measurements and our calculations is 0.096 eV/*** order to estimate how.much error to attribute to the DFT calculations,w. also examine deviation betw.en different experimental measurements themselves w.ere multiple sources are available,and find a surprisingly large mean absolute error of 0.082 eV/***,w. suggest that a significant fraction of the error betw.en DFT and experimental formation energies may be attributed to experimental ***,w. evaluate the stability of compounds in the OQMD(including compounds obtained from the ICSD as w.ll as hypothetical structures),w.ich allow. us to predict the existence of~3,200 new.compounds that have not been experimentally characterised and uncover trends in material discovery,based on historical data available w.thin the ICSD.

关键词： Quantum DFT Open