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The Need for a Legal Distinction of Nutraceuticals

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第10期5卷 905-913页

作者： Annemarie koch Sonja Brandenburger Suzanne Türpe Marc Birringer Department of Nutritional Food and Consumer Studies University of Applied Sciences Fulda Fulda Germany

The nutraceutical and botanical terms are often used by the lay press or for marketing purposes to describe health beneficial food, food supplements or herbs. However, there is no common definition of nutraceuticals or botanicals and moreover a lack of regulation that classifies this category. Concerning their health value, it is unclear if they belong to drugs or food. Currently, they fall into a legal limbo between both. This regulatory lack can lead to misuse of claims indicating a health benefit or the misleading of the consumer. This review will focus on current definitions of nutraceutical, botanical, functional food and food supplements with special emphasis on the differences between the US and European legislation. Some special considerations will be given for Germany, one of the main markets for food supplements in Europe.

关键词： Nutraceutical Botanical Food Supplement Definition Legislation

Self-consistent Maxwell–Bloch model for highorder harmonic generation in nanostructured semiconductors

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Photonics Research 2022年第9期10卷 2099-2106页

作者： ANTON RUDENKO MARIA K.HAGEN JÖRG HADER STEPHAN W.koch JEROME V.MOLONEY Arizona Center for Mathematical Sciences and Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonArizona 85721USA Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center Philipps-Universität MarburgMarburg 35032Germany

In pursuit of efficient high-order harmonic conversion in semiconductor devices,modeling insights into the complex interplay among ultrafast microscopic electron–hole dynamics,nonlinear pulse propagation,and field confinement in nanostructured materials are urgently ***,a self-consistent approach coupling semiconductor Bloch and Maxwell equations is applied to compute transmission and reflection high-order harmonic spectra for finite slab and sub-wavelength nanoparticle *** increase in the generated high harmonics by several orders of magnitude is predicted for gallium arsenide nanoparticles with a size maximizing the magnetic dipole *** as a conceptual and predictive tool for ultrafast spatiotemporal nonlinear optical responses of nanostructures with arbitrary geometry,our approach is anticipated to deliver new strategies for optimal harmonic manipulation in semiconductor metadevices.

关键词： harmonic Bloch Maxwell

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实用德汉口译教程 1

Automated Linac QA Using Scripting and Varian Developer Mode

2010年

作者：吕巧平 Maria Charlotte koch

本书为德语专业本科生教材，介绍了口译理论、单向口译、双向口译等内容。

ISBN: (纸本)9787811346398

本书为德语专业本科生教材，介绍了口译理论、单向口译、双向口译等内容。

关键词：德语口译高等学校教材

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2021年第4期10卷 149-168页

作者： Keith Pearman Nicholas koch David Wiant Han Liu Benjamin Sintay Department of Radiation Oncology Cone Health Cancer Center North Carolina USA

Purpose: Linac quality assurance (QA) can be time consuming involving set up, execution, analysis and subject to user variability. The purpose of this study is to develop qualitative automation tools for mechanical and imaging QA to improve efficiency, consistency, and accuracy. Methods and Materials: Traditionally QA has been performed with graph paper, film, and multiple phantoms. Analysis consists of ruler and vendor provided software. We have developed a single four-phantom method for QA procedures including light-radiation coincidence, imaging quality, table motion and Isocentricity and separately cone beam computed tomography. XML scripts were developed to execute a series of tasks using Varian’s Truebeam Developer Mode. Non-phantom QA procedures have also been developed including field size, dose rate, MLC position, MLC and gantry speed, star shot, Winston-Lutz and Half Beam Block. All analysis is performed using inhouse MATLAB codes. Results: Overall time savings were 2.2 hours per Linac per month. Consistency improvements (standard deviation, STD) were observed for some tests. For example: field size improved from 0.11 mm to 0.04 mm and table motion improved from 0.17

关键词： Varian Developer Mode Scripting Automation

Can Effects of Dark Matter Be Explained by the Turbulent Flow of Spacetime?

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第9期3卷 1123-1127页

作者： F. Elliott koch Angus H. Wright School of Physics University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

For the past forty years the search for dark matter has been one of the primary foci of astrophysics, although there has yet to be any direct evidence for its existence [1]. Indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter is largely rooted in the rotational speeds of stars within their host galaxies, where, instead of having a :r1/2 radial dependence, stars appear to have orbital speeds independent of their distance from the galactic center, which led to proposed existence of dark matter [1,2]. We propose an alternate explanation for the observed stellar motions within galaxies, combining the standard treatment of a fluid-like spacetime with the possibility of a “bulk flow” of mass through the Universe. The differential “flow” of spacetime could generate vorticies capable of providing the “perceived” rotational speeds in excess of those predicted by Newtonian mechanics. Although a more detailed analysis of our theory is forthcoming, we find a crude “order of magnitude” calculation can explain this phenomena. We also find that this can be used to explain the graviational lensing observed around globular clusters like “Bullet Cluster”.

关键词： Dark Matter Galaxy Relativity Gravitation

在创伤性和出血性休克时盐溶液和胶体溶液经胃输注问题

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国外医学（军事医学分册） 1989年第3期6卷 151-153页

作者： koch.,GP 周景春

ME-PPD, derivative of PPD, significantly attenuating the skin sensitizing response by studies anchored to the skin sensitization AOP and clinical cross-reaction studies

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ME-PPD, derivative of PPD, significantly attenuating the ski...

中国毒理学会第九次全国毒理学大会

作者： Wenbo Xin Thomas koch Carsten Goebel Global Product Stewardship Coty

The strong sensitizing potencies of the most important precursors of oxidative hair dyes,p-phenylenediamine（PPD） and p-toluylenediamine（PTD, i.e. 2-methyl-PPD） are well established,which are considered as the key sensitizers in hair dye allergic contact *** the rate of positive PPD patch test results in a large series of dermatitis patients is approximately 6.2% in North America and 4% in both Europe and ***, with the introduction of a methoxymethyl side chain into PPD, 2-methoxymethyl-pphenylenediamine（ME-PPD） was found to deliver excellent hair coloring performance while significantly reducingthe sensitizing potential compared to PPD and PTD. In in vitro studies, ME-PPD showed an attenuated innate immune response when analyzed for its protein reactivity and dendritic cell activation potential. In vivo, the effective concentration of ME-PPD necessary to induce an immune response 3-fold above vehicle control（EC3 value） in the local lymph node assay（LLNA） was 4.3%, indicating a moderate skin sensitizing potency compared to values of 0.1 and 0.17% for PPD and PTD, respectively. In addition, the skin sensitizing induction risk of ME-PPD under consumer hair dye usage conditions was assessed through a quantitative risk assessment（QRA） indicatingthat the risk was negligible compared to PPD or *** there is a substantial rate of cross-elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis to other important hair dye molecules（such asPTD） in PPD-allergic patients, the tolerance to ME-PPD was also studied in three patient populations in the USA and in *** 73 PPD-allergic patients were exposed to a hair dye product containing 2% ME-PPD instead of2% PPD for 30 or 45 min on their forearm（simulating hair dye use conditions） no elicitation response was observed in 45（62%）. Among the 28 PPD allergic patients that reacted to both ME-PPD and PPD under these conditions, 24（85%） showed a reduced reaction strength in response to ME-PPD. Hence based on the above s

关键词： hair dye PPD 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine(ME-PPD) alternative methods mechanistic study QRA cross-reaction

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沟通语音与沟通风格对决策者接受建议的影响

科技导报 2013年第26期31卷 23-29页

作者：李辉饶培伦陈翠玲 koch Jan 清华大学工业工程系人因与工效学研究所北京100084

人机系统中广泛采用计算机合成语音为决策者提供建议。为了比较合成语音与自然语音以及直接和含蓄的沟通风格对不同国家决策者的影响,通过实验的方法,招募了24位中国学生和24位德国学生参与决策实验,测量决策者对建议的接受度,自信水平... 详细信息

人机系统中广泛采用计算机合成语音为决策者提供建议。为了比较合成语音与自然语音以及直接和含蓄的沟通风格对不同国家决策者的影响,通过实验的方法,招募了24位中国学生和24位德国学生参与决策实验,测量决策者对建议的接受度,自信水平的改变度,感知的影响,以及对建议者的信任度、满意度和未来合作意向。统计分析结果显示,相比自然语音,合成语音建议显著提高决策者的自信水平,但是决策者对合成语音建议感知的影响较弱且未来合作意向较低。总体来看,直接的沟通风格比含蓄的沟通风格更容易被决策者接受并获得决策者更高的评价。当采用直接的沟通风格时,德国决策者比中国决策者感知到更强的影响;当采用含蓄的沟通风格时,中国决策者比德国决策者对建议的接受度更高。研究结果为合成语音软件的设计提供了指导。

关键词：人机交互合成语音自然语音沟通风格决策

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Sheep and Horse Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

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Microscopy Research 2013年第3期1卷 17-23页

作者： Asuman Ozen Irem Gul Sancak Brigitte Von Rechenberg Sabine koch Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Histology-Embryology Veterinary Faculty Ankara University Ankara Turkey Department of Surgery Veterinary Faculty Ankara University Ankara Turkey

In the present study, the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced towards osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages were investigated. The main objective of this paper was to focus on the differentiation capacity of ovine [oMSCs] and equine MSCs [eMSCs]. Bone marrow [BM] MSCs were isolated from ovine and equine patients, expanded in monolayer culture and induced into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. For chondrogenic differentiation, cells were cultured in micromass culture. Also, their ultrastructural phenotypes were studied by transmission electron microscopy [TEM]. This study was aimed to provide an indepth morphological description of BM-derived ovine and equine MSCs induced towards three lineages, it demonstrated that TEM analysis is useful in elucidating detailed structural information.

关键词： Ultrastructure Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) TEM Differentiation Equine Ovine