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Smoking under hypoxic conditions: a potent environmental risk factor for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

Military Medical Research 2018年第3期5卷 263-278页

作者： Md.Saddam Hussain vishwas tripathi School of Biotechnology Gautam Buddha University

Autoimmune disease management presents a significant challenge to medical science. Environmental factors potentially increase the risk of developing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus. Among various environmental stresses, cigarette smoke and hypoxia have both been reported to lead to an enhanced risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we shed light on all reported mechanisms whereby cigarette smoke and a hypoxic environment can induce inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and discuss how hypoxic conditions influence the cigarette smoke-induced threat of inflammatory and autoimmune disease development. Cigarette smoke and hypoxia both lead to increased oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals, which have various effects including the generation of autoreactive pro-inflammatory T cells and autoantibodies, reductions in T regulatory(Treg) cell activity, and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators [e.g., interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-4(IL-4) and interleukin-8(IL-8)]. Accordingly, smoking and hypoxic environments may synergistically act as potent environmental risk factors for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the direct association of cigarette smoke and hypoxic environments with the risk of developing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Future studies exploring the risk of autoimmune disease development in smokers at high altitudes, particularly military personnel and mountaineers who are not acclimatized to high-altitude regions, are required to obtain a better understanding of disease risk as well as its management.

关键词： Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases Cigarette smoke Hypobaric hypoxia Oxidative stress Epigenetic modifications Pro-inflammatory mediators Autoantibody

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Natural compounds as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: An insilico study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第4期11卷 155-163页

作者： Amaresh Mishra Yamini Pathak Anuj Kumar Surabhi Kirti Mishra vishwas tripathi School of Biotechnology Gautam Buddha UniversityGreater Noida-201310India Bioinformatics Laboratory Uttarakhand Council for BiotechnologyBiotech BhawanPantnagarU.S.NagarUttarakhand-263145India Advanced Centre for Computational and Applied Biotechnology Uttarakhand Council for BiotechnologyDehradun-248007India School of Biotechnology Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia

Objective:To explore natural compounds as potential inhibitors against main protease(Mpro)of ***:In the current study,systematic molecular docking analysis was conducted using AutoDock 4.2 to determine the binding affinities and interactions between natural compounds and *** natural compounds were further validated using a combination of molecular dynamic(MD)simulations and molecular mechanic Poisson-Boltzmann surface area(MM/PBSA)free energy c alculation ***:Out of twenty natural compounds,four natural metabolites namely,amentoflavone,guggulsterone,puerarin,and piperine were found to have strong interaction with Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 based on docking *** MD simulations,all four natural compounds bound to Mpro at 50 ns and MM/G/P/BSA free energy calculations showed that all four shortlisted ligands had stable and favorable energies with strong binding to Mpro ***:Guggulsterone is a potential inhibitor of COVID-19 main protease *** in vitro and pre-clinical studies are needed.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Amentoflavone Guggulsterone Puerarin Piperine

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A novel slot scheduling technique for duty-cycle based data transmission for wireless sensor network

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第3期8卷 351-358页

作者： Yogesh tripathi Arun Prakash Rajeev tripathi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagraj211004India

The duty cycling process involves turning a radio into an active and dormant state for conserving energy. It is a promising approach for designing routing protocols for a resource-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In the duty cycle-based WSNs, the network lifetime is improved and the network transmission is increased as compared to conventional routing protocols. In this study, the active period of the duty cycle is divided into slots that can minimize the idle listening problem. The slot scheduling technique helps determine the most efficient node that uses the active period. The proposed routing protocol uses the opportunistic concept to minimize the sender waiting problem. Therefore, the forwarder set will be selected according to the node's residual active time and energy. Further, the optimum routing path is selected to achieve the minimum forwarding delay from the source to the destination. Simulation analysis reveals that the proposed routing scheme outperforms existing schemes in terms of the average transmission delay, energy consumption, and network throughput.

关键词： Duty cycle Energy model Wireless sensor network Slot scheduling technique

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A Mathematical Study on Three Layered Oscillatory Blood Flow Through Stenosed Arteries

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第1期9卷 119-131页

作者： Dharmendra tripathi Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Punjab-140001 India

A mathematical model is constructed to examine the characteristics of three layered blood flow through the oscillatory cylindrical tube （stenosed arteries）. The proposed model basically consists three layers of blood （viscous fluids with different viscosities） named as core layer （red blood cells）, intermediate layer （platelets/white blood cells） and peripheral layer （plasma）. The analysis was restricted to propagation of small-amplitude harmonic waves, generated due to blood flow whose wave length is larger compared to the radius of the arterial segment. The impacts of viscosity of fluid in peripheral layer and intermediate layer on the interfaces, average flow rate, mechanical efficiency, trapping and reflux are discussed with the help of numerical and computational results. This model is the generalized form of the preceding models. On the basis of present discussion, it is found that the size of intermediate and peripheral layers reduces in expanded region and enhances in contracted region with the increasing viscosity of fluid in peripheral layer, whereas, opposite effect is observed for viscosity of fluid in intermediate layer. Final conclusion is that the average flow rate and mechanical efficiency increase with the increasing viscosity of fluid in both layers, however, the effects of the viscosity of fluid in both layers on trapping and reflux are opposite to each other.

关键词： mathematical model three layered oscillatory blood flow stenosed arteries mechanical efficiency trapping reflux

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A two-dimensional analytical model for channel potential and threshold voltage of short channel dual material gate lightly doped drain MOSFET

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第11期23卷 620-625页

作者： Shweta tripathi Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology

An analytical model for the channel potential and the threshold voltage of the short channel dual-material-gate lightly doped drain （DMG-LDD） metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor （MOSFET） is presented using the parabolic approximation method. The proposed model takes into account the effects of the LDD region length, the LDD region doping, the lengths of the gate materials and their respective work functions, along with all the major geometrical parameters of the MOSFET. The impact of the LDD region length, the LDD region doping, and the channel length on the channel potential is studied in detail. Furthermore, the threshold voltage of the device is calculated using the minimum middle channel potential, and the result obtained is compared with the DMG MOSFET threshold voltage to show the improvement in the threshold voltage roll-off. It is shown that the DMG-LDD MOSFET structure alleviates the problem of short channel effects （SCEs） and the drain induced barrier lowering （DIBL） more efficiently. The proposed model is verified by comparing the theoretical results with the simulated data obtained by using the commercially available ATLASTM 2D device simulator.

关键词： dual-material-gate MOSFET lightly doped drain short channel effect threshold voltage

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A two-dimensional analytical modeling for channel potential and threshold voltage of short channel triple material symmetrical gate Stack(TMGS) DG-MOSFET

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第10期25卷 518-524页

作者： Shweta tripathi Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology

In the present work, a two-dimensional（2D） analytical framework of triple material symmetrical gate stack（TMGS）DG-MOSFET is presented in order to subdue the short channel effects. A lightly doped channel along with triple material gate having different work functions and symmetrical gate stack structure, showcases substantial betterment in quashing short channel effects to a good extent. The device functioning amends in terms of improved exemption to threshold voltage roll-off, thereby suppressing the short channel effects. The encroachments of respective device arguments on the threshold voltage of the proposed structure are examined in detail. The significant outcomes are compared with the numerical simulation data obtained by using 2D ATLAS;device simulator to affirm and formalize the proposed device structure.

关键词： triple material symmetrical gate stack(TMGS) DG MOSFET gate stack short channel effect drain induced barrier lowering threshold voltage

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A novel approach towards molecular memory device in gate tunable structure of MoS_(2)-graphene

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 177-184页

作者： Rahul tripathi Abha Misra Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics Indian Institute of Sciencey BangaloreKarnataka 560012India

Molecular interaction in two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)interfaces has drawn tremendous attention for extraordinary materials *** sensing characteristics of molecular interaction has been exploited extensively to reach the detection limit to a few parts-per-billion(ppb)of molecules and far less attention is given to the evolution of persistent current state due to the molecular *** study focuses on molecular memory operation of MoS_(2)-graphene heterostructure based field effect *** resistance state of the device due to the external perturbation of molecules is tuned to get a nearly relaxation free current state at much lower molecular concentration of 10 ppb tofacilitate non-volatile memory features for molecular memory *** ultrafast switching operation in milli-second order is achieved at room temperature for the fastest recovery obtained sofar in any molecular *** process is co-controlled both by molecular as well as external charge density.

关键词： MoS_(2) graphene field effect transistor molecular memory trap charges

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Thermal Stability of Supercapacitor for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Lightweight Electric Vehicles:Simulation and Experiments

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第1期10卷 170-178页

作者： Vima Mali Brijesh tripathi Department of Electrical Engineering/Solar Energy Pandit Deendayal Petroleum UniversityGandhinagarIndia Department of Science Pandit Deendayal Petroleum UniversityGandhinagarIndia

Recent research findings indicate that the non-monotonic consumption of energy from lithium-ion(Li-ion)batteries results in a higher heat generation in electrical energy storage *** peak demands,a higher heat generation due to high discharging current increases the temperature from 80℃ to 120℃,thereby resulting in thermal *** address peak demands,an additional electrical energy storage component,namely supercapacitor(SC),is being investigated by various research *** paper provides insights into the capability of SCs in lightweight electric vehicles(EVs)to address peak demands using the worldwide harmonized light-duty driving test cycle(WLTC)driving profile in MATLAB/Simulink at different ambient *** results indicate that temperature imposes a more prominent effect on Li-ion batteries compared with SCs under peak demand *** effect of the discharging rate limit on the Li-ion battery current is *** result shows that SCs can accommodate the peak demands for a low discharging current limit on the battery,thereby reducing heat *** impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are performed on SCs to analyze their thermal performance at different temperatures ranging from 0℃ to 75℃ under different bias values of-0.6,0,0.6,and 1 V,*** results indicate a higher specific capacitance of the SC at an optimum operation temperature of 25℃ for the studied *** study shows that the hybrid combination of the Li-ion battery and SC for a lightweight EV can address peak demands by reducing thermal stress on the Li-ion battery and increasing the driving range.

关键词： Electric vehicle lithium-ion battery supercapacitor thermal stability

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Rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer: Physiognomy, floristics and diversity in ‘lowland rainforests’ of Meghalaya, India

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Plant Diversity 2017年第1期39卷 20-36页

作者： Uma Shankar Amit Kumar tripathi Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University Shillong 793 022 India

The lowland rainforests of Meghalaya, India represent the westernmost limit of the rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer. These forests, on the Shillong plateau, are akin to Whitmore's ‘tropical lowland evergreen rainforest' formation and exhibit striking similarities and conspicuous differences with the equatorial rainforests in Asia-Pacific as well as tropical seasonal rainforests in southwestern China near the Tropic of Cancer. We found these common attributes of the rainforests in Meghalaya: familial composition with predominance of Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myrsiticaceae,Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae; deciduousness in evergreen physiognomy; dominance of mega-and mesophanerophytic life-forms; abundance of species with low frequency of occurrence(rare and aggregated species); low proportional abundance of the abundant species; and truncated lognormal abundance distribution. The levels of stand density and stand basal area were comparable with seasonal rainforests in southwestern China, but were lower than equatorial rainforests. Tropical Asian species predominated flora, commanding 95% of the abundance. The differences include overall low stature(height) of the forest, inconspicuous stratification in canopy, fewer species and individuals of liana, thicker understory,higher proportion of rare species, absence of locally endemic species and relatively greater dominance of Fagaceae and Theaceae. The richness of species per hectare(S) was considerably lower at higher latitudes in Meghalaya than in equatorial rainforests, but was comparable with seasonal rainforests. Shannon's diversity index(H’=4.40 nats for ≥10 cm gbh and 4.25 nats for ≥30 cm gbh) was lower on higher latitudes in Meghalaya in comparison to species-rich equatorial rainforests, but it was the highest among all lowland rainforests near the Tropic of Cancer.

关键词： Lowland rainforest Forest structure Floristics Phytosociology Species richness Life-form spectrum

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A high-capacity viologen-based anolyte for high energy density neutral pH aqueous redox-flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 222-231,I0007页

作者： Anubhav Kumar Bijay P.tripathi Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew Delhi 110016India

Redox-ﬂow batteries(RFBs)are a promising energy storage technology with remarkable scalability and safety for storing vast amounts of renewable energy and mitigating outputﬂuctuations of renewable power *** demonstrate a neutral pH aqueous RFB using a custom-designed 1’,1’’’,1’’’’’-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(methylene))tris(1-(3-(trimethyl ammonio)propyl)-[4’’,4’’’-bipyridine]-1,1’-diium)nonachloride(BTTMPB)as a 3 e-storage *** custom design with the high polarization in charge density has led to the excellent water solubility of 4.0 M in H_(2)O(321.6 A h L^(-1))and 2.4 M in 2.0 M NaCl(192.9 A h L^(-1)).The density functional theory(DFT)calculations and electrochemical experiments have shown 3 e-storage response of BTTMPB with a diffusion coefﬁcient of 3.1×10^(-6)cm^(2) s^(-1)and rate con-stant of 1.6×10^(-2)cm s^(-1) for theﬁrst reduction *** synthesized anolyte was paired with(Ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride(FcNCl)as catholyte enabling a 0.92 V aqueous RFB with 125.9 W h L^(-1)theoretical energy *** aqueous RFB has an excellent cycling performance from 10-30 m A cm^(-2),energy efﬁciency up to 80%,capacity retention of 99.96%per cycle at 20 m A cm^(-2),and a high demonstrated energy density of 29.1 W h L^(-1).

关键词： Energy storage Aqueous redox-ﬂow battery Redox-active organic material Viologen derivative Solvation energy

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