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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer virginia.l. jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (l.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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Productivity of well-watered Panicum virgatum does not increase with CO_(2) enrichment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第4期5卷 366-375页

作者： Philip A.Fay H.Wayne Polley virginia.l.jin Michael J.Aspinwall USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research laboratory 808 E Blackland RdTempleTX 76502USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research 137 Keim HallUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Section of Integrative Biology 1 University StationC0930University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

Aims Rising atmospheric CO_(2) has been shown to increase aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)in water-limited perennial grasslands,in part by reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration,thereby reducing depletion of soil ***,the benefits of CO_(2) enrichment for ANPP will vary with soil type and may be reduced if water limitation is *** is known about CO_(2) effects on ANPP of Panicum virgatum,a perennial C4 tallgrass and potential bioenergy *** hypothesized that if water limitation is minimized,(i)CO_(2) enrichment would not increase *** ANPP because photosynthetic rates of this C4 grass would not increase and because decreased transpiration at elevated CO_(2) would provide little additional benefit in increased soil moisture and(ii)soil type will have little effect on *** CO_(2) responses because of high overall soil *** Growth and leaf physiology of *** cv.‘Alamo’were studied as plants established for 4 years on silty clay and clay soils along a 250 to 500 ll l-1 gradient in atmospheric CO_(2) located in central Texas,*** were watered to replace evapotranspiration,fertilized with NO_(3)NH_(4) and P_(2)O_(5) and clipped to standard height during *** Findings ANPP increased through the third year of *** moisture(0–20 cm),ANPP,tiller numbers and leaf area index were 8–18%higher on the clay than on the silty clay *** did not increase with CO_(2) except in the planting ***,biomass removed with clipping strongly increased with CO_(2) in years 2 and 3,suggesting that CO_(2) enrichment increased the early-to mid-season growth of establishing *** but not later regrowth or that of fully established ***,CO_(2) enrichment differentially affected two components of ANPP in years 2 and 3,increasing tiller mass and reducing tiller *** reallocation of resources in clipped *** suggested increased meristem limitation of productivi

关键词： switchgrass bioenergy resource allocation tillering meristem limitation

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng li Brandon lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James l.Doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron D.Franklin Tony Jun Huang Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser Doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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The market for amino acids: understanding supply and demand of substrate for more efficient milk protein synthesis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 37-48页

作者： virginia.l.Pszczolkowski Sebastian I.Arriola Apelo Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

For dairy production systems, nitrogen is an expensive nutrient and potentially harmful waste product. With three quarters of fed nitrogen ending up in the manure, significant research efforts have focused on understanding and mitigating lactating dairy cows' nitrogen losses. Recent changes proposed to the Nutrient Requirement System for Dairy Cattle in the US include variable efficiencies of absorbed essential AA for milk protein production. This first separation from a purely substrate-based system, standing on the old limiting AA theory, recognizes the ability of the cow to alter the metabolism of AA. In this review we summarize a compelling amount of evidence suggesting that AA requirements for milk protein synthesis are based on a demand-driven system. Milk protein synthesis is governed at mammary level by a set of transduction pathways, including the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1), the integrated stress response(ISR), and the unfolded protein response(UPR). In tight coordination, these pathways not only control the rate of milk protein synthesis, setting the demand for AA, but also manipulate cellular AA transport and even blood flow to the mammary glands, securing the supply of those needed nutrients. These transduction pathways, specifically mTORC1, sense specific AA, as well as other physiological signals, including insulin, the canonical indicator of energy status. Insulin plays a key role on mTORC1 signaling, controlling its activation, once AA have determined mTORC1 localization to the lysosomal *** on this molecular model, AA and insulin signals need to be tightly coordinated to maximize milk protein synthesis rate. The evidence in lactating dairy cows supports this model, in which insulin and glucogenic energy potentiate the effect of AA on milk protein synthesis. Incorporating the effect of specific signaling AA and the differential role of energy sources on utilization of absorbed AA for milk protein synthesis seems like

关键词： Amino acids Blood flow Insulin Mammary uptake Milk proteins mTORC1 Nitrogen efficiency Splanchnic tissues

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Pressure-dependent phase transition of 2D layered silicon telluride(Si2le3)and manganese intercalated silicon telluride

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2373-2377页

作者： virginia.l. Johnson Auddy Anilao Kristie J. Koski Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA

Two-dimensional(2D)layered silicon telluride(SizTes)nanocrystals were compressed to 12 GPa using diamond anvil cell *** measurements show a color change from transparent red to opaque black indicating a semiconductor-to-metal phase *** scattering was used to observe the stiffening of the crystal lattice and subsequent phase behavior.A possible phase transition was *** 9.5±0.5 GPa evidenced by the disappearance of the Atg stretching *** was intercalated with elemental manganese to^1 at.%.Intercalation lowers the pressure of the proposed phase transition to 7.5±1 *** modes show both phonon stiffening and phonon softening,suggesting negative linear *** results provide fundamental insight into the high-pressure optical phonon behavior of silicon telluride and illuminate how a specific electron-donating intercalant can chemically alter pressure-dependent optical phonon behavior.

关键词： silicon telluride Si2Te3 high pressure diamond anvil cell two-dimensional(2D)layered material

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An Automated,Highly Selective Reaction Monitoring Instrument Using Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第2期2卷 57-62页

作者： Ann Adele Byars Khushi R.Kompally Emily Mechnick Reilly E.Sonstrom Alexander Mikhonin Justin l.Neill Ruth Boetzel James MacGregor Courtney Talicska Jian li Yizhou liu BrightSpec Inc.CharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Pfizer R&D UK limited Sandwich CT139NJUnited Kingdom Analytical Research and Development Pfizer Research and DevelopmentGrotonConnecticut 06340United States

Online monitoring of chemical reactions by using analytical chemistry tools is a powerful way to maximize control over these *** this paper,we demonstrate the use of molecular rotational resonance,an emerging and extraordinarily selective spectroscopic technique,to perform automated reaction monitoring *** interface using a six-port valve with a calibrated sample loop,coupled to a temperature controlled inlet for analyte volatilization,was developed and *** reactions were chosen for initial characterization:an amine-aldehyde condensation reaction to form an imine product and an isotopic exchange reaction of aβ-ketoester with keto-enol *** spectrometer was able to provide kinetic information about the reaction and determine reaction *** the future,this system can be extended to detect and quantify impurities and characterize reaction selectivity,in addition to the reaction progress.

关键词： molecular rotational resonance spectroscopy reaction monitoring reaction kinetics isotopes process analytical technology

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Assessing display variability in wild brown anoles Anolis sagrei using a mechanical lizard model

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 140-152页

作者： Sarah R. PARTAN Peter OTOVIC virginia.l. PRICE Scott E. BROWN School of Cognitive Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA Department of Psychology University of South Florida St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA

Signals used for species identity ought to be highly stereotyped so as to facilitate immediate recognition by con-specifics. It is surprising therefore to find variability in putative species signature displays. The brown anoleAnolis sagreihas a high degree of variability in its signature bobbing display. In this study we collected descriptive data on variability in the temporal structure of wild brown anole bobbing patterns, finding that no two displays analyzed had the same temporal structure, and we also tested whether wild brown anoles prefer the signature display over an alternate display pattern by using mechanical robot playbacks in the field. As a response metric we assessed whether or not the lizards showed social responses (pushup, dewlap extension, or head-nod) in response to the robotic presentations. We found that the lizards responded slightly more to the signature than to the alternate pattern, providing support for the idea that despite the variability seen in displays, the signature pattern is meaningful to them. We tested two other independent variables: speed of the display and elevation of the robot during its display, neither of which was significant. Dewlap extensions were given predominantly by adult males and were more likely to be given in the breeding season than the nonbreeding season. Pushups and head-nods were given equally by males and a combined class of females and juveniles, and were not seasonal. Head-nods increased after the robot turned off, suggesting that they may be used in a conversational turn-taking style during communication.

关键词：显示模式模型评估棕色野生蜥蜴变异机械非繁殖季节

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Effects of sugar addition on adipolysis and volatile profiles of dry cured sausage

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Journal of Future Foods 2022年第2期2卷 184-191页

作者： Zhi Qu Chunqian Feng virginia KWalker Wenyi Kang Nan liu Shanqing Zheng Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Department of Biology Queen’s UniversityKingston K7L 3N6ONCanada School of Environmental Studies Queen’s UniversityKingston K7L 3N6ONCanada National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Institute of Environment and Health South China HospitalHealth Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518116China School of Basic Medical Sciences Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

As sugar play a primary role in food flavor and biochemical reaction during the industrial manufacture of dry cured meat products,we aim to evaluate the function of sugar and how the quality changed with the addition of sugar on dry cured sausage after three months of preservation,and the corresponding effect on acidity value and the total acid *** roles of sugars’effects on FA hydrolysis and flavor formation are required to be *** selected the addition of sugar with the gradient contents from 3%to 15%,we found that the total acid,acidity value,peroxide value,FA and organic acid were significantly *** unsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)was the main content of FAs,following by saturated FA and polyunsaturated FA.C18:1n9c was the major FA,following by C16:0 and C18:*** kinds of organic acids in dry-cured sausages containing different concentrations of sugar were analyzed by HPlC and the total organic acid reached a maximum of 12.15%by after adding 6%*** acid was 8.06%and lactic acid was 2.56%.This study concludes that sugar is the main factor in flavor formation of dry cured sausage and affects the sausage quality for three months in storage.

关键词： Dry-cured sausage Adipolysis Volatile compounds Organic acid Fatty acid

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Cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores in Cannabis sativa l.

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Horticulture Research 2023年第11期10卷 131-140页

作者： George M.Stack Stephen I.Snyder Jacob A.Toth Michael A.Quade Jamie l.Crawford John K.McKay John Nicholas Jackowetz Ping Wang Glenn Philippe Julie l.Hansen virginia M.Moore Jocelyn K.C.Rose lawrence B.Smart Horticulture Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGenevaNY 14456United States Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853United States Plant Breeding Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853United States Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523United States Cirona labs GenevaNY 14456United States Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGenevaNY 14456United States

In the decades since the first cannabinoids were identified by scientists,research has focused almost exclusively on the function and capacity of cannabinoids asmedicines and intoxicants for humans and other *** little is knownabout the adaptive value of cannabinoid production,though several hypotheses have been proposed including protection from ultraviolet radiation,pathogens,and *** test the prediction that genotypeswith greater concentrations of cannabinoidswill have reduced herbivory,a segregating F2 population of Cannabis sativa was leveraged to conduct lab-and field-based bioassays investigating the function of cannabinoids in mediating interactions with chewing *** the field,foliar cannabinoid concentration was inversely correlated with chewing herbivore *** detached leaves,Trichoplusia ni larvae consumed less leaf area and grew less when feeding on leaves with greater concentrations of *** electron and light microscopy were used to characterize variation in glandular trichome ***-free genotypes had trichomes that appeared *** isolate cannabinoids from confounding factors,artificial insect diet was amended with cannabinoids in a range of physiologically relevant *** grew less and had lower rates of survival as cannabinoid concentration *** results support the hypothesis that cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores.

关键词： function founding ultraviolet

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护理专业国际学生短期访学教育项目的设计与实施

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 83-90页

作者： Ubolrat Piamjariyakul Saima Shafique Dana l.Friend Kimberly A.Adams Wiyakarn Sanghuachang Trisha M.Petitte Stephanie Young School of Nursing West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA Boromarajonani College of Nursing Saraburi SaraburiThailand

目的旨在描述制定及评估一项短期留学生研究和教育项目。方法研究分为项目制定与实施及评价2部分。根据1名国际学生的短期访学需求,护理学院的全球护理项目协调员和首席导师共同确定项目基本内容和团队成员。该项目学习活动考虑了该国... 详细信息

目的旨在描述制定及评估一项短期留学生研究和教育项目。方法研究分为项目制定与实施及评价2部分。根据1名国际学生的短期访学需求,护理学院的全球护理项目协调员和首席导师共同确定项目基本内容和团队成员。该项目学习活动考虑了该国际学生对老年人和居家临终关怀的兴趣,包括4项内容:.开展研究工作,参与教学活动,参与临床实践活动,以及特殊活动和专业发展培训课程。在为期6个月的访学结束时,对参与此次教学活动的教师、研究生及留学生进行访谈和简短问卷调查。结果通过访谈了解到3个方面的内容:通过参与该项目中获得的经验(增强了教育和研究的多样性,获得了新的全球医疗保健知识,对文化意识的自我反思和促进);项目实施的障碍和挑战(签证申请过程,英语语言障碍,缺乏公共交通设施,时间安排冲突);克服这些障碍和挑战的策略(在课程中增加文化多样性信息;与其他同学一起学习英语;使用不同的沟通技巧;在签证申请过程中与大学全球事务办公室持续合作;提供互动体验)。所有项目参与者都对该项目表示非常满意(4.67±0.50),认为对他们在科研、教学和临床实践方面的护理技能有很大影响(4.67±0.50)。结论此次项目的参与者均获得了相关经验,可用于今后的教学指导活动。国际护理专业学生需要得到帮助才能更好地适应访学环境,教师必须具有文化敏感性,了解学生的学习需求,并倡导营造适合学生学习的环境。

关键词：评价国际学生护理教育课程

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