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Improving milk safety at farm-level in an intensive dairy production system:relevance to smallholder dairy producers

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Food Quality and Safety 2018年第3期2卷 135-143页

作者： Habtamu Lemma D. Ashenafi Mengistu Taddese kuma.Berhanu kuma Wolaita Sodo University College of AgriculturePOB 138Ethiopia Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine and AgricultureEthiopia Ethiopian Development Research Institute Ethiopia

Objective:This paper discusses methods for improving milk safety in smallholder dairying.Methodology:Analyzing best practices/experiences of selected countries and Ethiopian dairy farming as a case study(household survey and milk testing).Results:The coliform count was slightly higher than European standard.The value of total bacterial count found was higher than the standard of bacteriological quality of milk.Somatic Cell count is slightly higher than US standard,but it is in the range of the EU standard.Moreover,there were other associated challenges facing dairy farmers,including shortage of feed concentrate and water,milk marketing,health of dairy stock,and manure management.Some better practices were also observed including literacy and dairying experience of smallholder dairy producing-households.Despite this,increased availability of some dairy stakeholders and their efforts would also be an added advantage.The efforts of private veterinarians to engage in provision of drugs and on-call home-treatment for stall-fed cows were good,but this needs to be complemented with laboratory based-diagnostic/clinical and advisory services prevent diseases.Conclusion:Improvement of milk safety can be achieved through good management practices by dairy farmers,market incentives,and increased efforts of various stakeholders and the adoption of best practices.In this regard,a coordinated action involving all stakeholders is needed to implement preventative/control measures,quality management strategies,and appropriate regulation while supporting and building capacity of smallholder dairy producers to minimize risks associated with milk production.

关键词： milk safety challenges prevention intensive dairy systems smallholders dairy farms.

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Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第10期14卷 1502-1513页

作者： Mc Anto Antony Aniqa Chowdhury Dinesh Edem Rishi Raj Priyanshu Nain Mansi Joglekar vipin Verma Ravi Kant Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismMedical University of South Carolina/AnMed CampusAndersonSC 29621United States Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAK 72205United States Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismPikeville Medical CenterPikevilleKY 41501United States Department of Graduate Medical Education Maulana Azad Medical CollegeDelhi 110002India Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed CampusAndersonSC 29621United States

The gut microbiome is defined as an ecological community of commensal symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in our body.Gut microbiome dysbiosis is a condition of dysregulated and disrupted intestinal bacterial homeostasis,and recent evidence has shown that dysbiosis is related to chronic inflammation,insulin resistance,cardiovascular diseases(CVD),type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and obesity.It is well known that obesity,T2DM and CVD are caused or worsened by multiple factors like genetic predisposition,environmental factors,unhealthy high calorie diets,and sedentary lifestyle.However,recent evidence from human and mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome is also an active player in the modulation of metabolic syndrome,a set of risk factors including obesity,hyperglycemia,and dyslipidemia that increase the risk for CVD,T2DM,and other diseases.Current research aims to identify treatments to increase the number of beneficial microbiota in the gut microbiome in order to modulate metabolic syndrome by reducing chronic inflammation and insulin resistance.There is increasing interest in supplements,classified as prebiotics,probiotics,synbiotics,or postbiotics,and their effect on the gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome.In this review article,we have summarized current research on these supplements that are available to improve the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and to reduce the harmful ones in patients with metabolic syndrome.

关键词： Gut dysbiosis Metabolic syndrome Diabetes mellitus Prebiotics Probiotics Postbiotics

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Genetically modified mouse models for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1141-1153页

作者： Perumal Nagarajan M Jerald Mahesh kuma.Ramasamy Venkatesan Subeer S Majundar Ramesh C Juyal M Jerald Mahesh kuma Small Animal Facility National Institute of Immunology NewDelhi 110067 India Animal House Centre for Cellularand Molecular Biology Hyderabad 500007 India Animal House JNU New Delhi110067 India

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is associated with obesity,insulin resistance,and type 2 diabetes.NAFLD represents a large spectrum of diseases ranging from(1) fatty liver(hepatic steatosis);(2) steatosis with inflammation and necrosis;to(3) cirrhosis.The animal models to study NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) are extremely useful,as there are still many events to be elucidated in the pathology of NASH.The study of the established animal models has provided many clues in the pathogenesis of steatosis and steatohepatitis,but these remain incompletely understood.The different mouse models can be classified in two large groups.The first one includes genetically modified(transgenic or knockout) mice that spontaneously develop liver disease,and the second one includes mice that acquire the disease after dietary or pharmacological manipulation.Although the molecular mechanism leading to the development of hepatic steatosis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex,genetically modified animal models may be a key for the treatment of NAFLD.Ideal animal models for NASH should closely resemble the pathological characteristics observed in humans.To date,no single animal model has encompassed the full spectrum of human disease progression,but they can imitate particular characteristics of human disease.Therefore,it is important that the researchers choose the appropriate animal model.This review discusses various genetically modified animal models developed and used in research on NAFLD.

关键词：转基因小鼠模型脂肪肝酒精性转基因动物模型肝病人类疾病 NASH 发病机制

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NKT cell subsets as key participants in liver physiology and pathology

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第3期13卷 337-346页

作者： Keya Bandyopadhyay Idania Marrero vipin kuma. Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92037 USA

Natural killer T （NKT） cells are innate-like lymphocytes that generally recognize lipid antigens and are enriched in microvascular compartments of the liver. NKT cells can be activated by self- or microbial-lipid antigens and by signaling through toll-like receptors. Following activation, NKT cells rapidly secrete pro-inflammatory or anti- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and thereby determine the milieu for subsequent immunity or tolerance. It is becoming clear that two different subsets of NKT cells-type I and type II--have different modes of antigen recognition and have opposing roles in inflammatory liver diseases. Here we focus mainly on the roles of both NKT cell subsets in the maintenance of immune tolerance and inflammatory diseases in liver. Furthermore, how the differential activation of type I and type II NKT cells influences other innate cells and adaptive immune cells to result in important consequences for tissue integrity is discussed. It is crucial that better reagents, including CDld tetramers, be used in clinical studies to define the roles of NKT cells in liver diseases in patients.

关键词： CDld lipids liver disease NKT cells

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Blue emitting exciplex for yellow and white organic light‑emitting diodes

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2023年第4期16卷 191-203页

作者： Kavya Rajeev C.K.vipin Anjali K.Sajeev Atul Shukla Sarah K.M.McGregor Shih‑Chun Lo Ebinazar B.Namdas K.N.Narayanan Unni Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695019India Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002India Centre for Organic Photonics&Electronics The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia School of Mathematics and Physics The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

White organic light-emitting diodes(WOLEDs)have several desirable features,but their commercialization is hindered by the poor stability of blue light emitters and high production costs due to complicated device structures.Herein,we investigate a standard blue emitting hole transporting material(HTM)N,N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine(NPB)and its exciplex emission upon combining with a suitable electron transporting material(ETM),3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole(TAZ).Blue and yellow OLEDs with simple device structures are developed by using a blend layer,NPB:TAZ,as a blue emitter as well as a host for yellow phosphorescent dopant iridium(III)bis(4-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C2')acetylacetonate(PO-01).Strategic device design then exploits the ambipolar charge transport properties of tetracene as a spacer layer to connect these blue and yellow emitting units.The tetracene-linked device demonstrates more promising results compared to those using a conventional charge generation layer(CGL).Judicious choice of the spacer prevents exciton difusion from the blue emitter unit,yet facilitates charge carrier transport to the yellow emitter unit to enable additional exciplex formation.This complementary behavior of the spacer improves the blue emission properties concomitantly yielding reasonable yellow emission.The overall white light emission properties are enhanced,achieving CIE coordinates(0.36,0.39)and color temperature(4643 K)similar to daylight.Employing intermolecular exciplex emission in OLEDs simplifes the device architecture via its dual functionality as a host and as an emitter.

关键词： Organic light-emitting diodes Dual functional exciplex Spacers Device design strategy Blue exciplex Yellow OLEDs White light emission

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Gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Plumeria alba Linn. leaves in rats

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第1期12卷 42-51页

作者： Manjusha Choudhary vipin kuma. Surender Singh Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kurukshetra University All India Institute of Medical Sciences

OBJECTIVE： This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Plumeria alba Linn. METHODS： Antiulcer assays were performed using the protocols of ulcer induced by non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ethanol and pylorus ligation. The hydroalcoholic extract （HAPA）, and various fractions of HAPA like, n-hexane extract （HPA）, ethyl acetate extract （EAPA） and n-butanol extract （BPA） were administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for HAPA and 100 and 200 mg/kg for fractions of extracts. Parameters of gastric secretion （volume, pH, total protein, and free and total acidity） were determined by the pylorus ligation model. Parameters like aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also determined in ethanol- induced ulcer model. To determine the mechanism of action, role of nitric oxide was also evaluated. RESULTS： EAPA and BPA （100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.） showed gastric ulcer-healing effect in indomethacin-induced ulcer model, while HAPA （200 mg/kg） and HPA showed no significant antiulcer effect. Both EAPA and BPA showed gastric cytoprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. CONCLUSION： The results of the present study show that some hydroalcoholic extract of Plumeria alba L. displays antiulcer activity, as demonstrated by the significant inhibition of ulcer formation induced by different models, which is consistent with the literature report in folk medicine.

关键词： Plumeria anti-ulcer agents plant extracts rats

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Antidiabetic,hypolipidemic and histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica (L.) leaves extract on alloxan induced diabetic rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第5期4卷 347-352页

作者： Sunil kuma. vipin kuma. Om Prakash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kurukshetra UniversityHaryanaIndia

Objective:To investigate antidiabetic,hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica(D.indica) methanolic leaves(DIME) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight).Methods:Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with elegance glucometer on weekly intervals till the end of study(i.e.3 weeks).Other parameters e.***.liver profile,renal profile and total lipid levels were determined in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the extract for 21 days.Histopathological changes in diabetic rat organs(pancreas,liver and kidney) were also observed after extract treatment Results:Daily oral administration DIME(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide(10 mg/kg) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P<0.001) as well as improving kidney,liver functions and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The extract treatment also showed to enhanced serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group.Furthermore,the extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas,liver and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes. Conclusions:D.indica possess antidiabetic property as well improve body weight,liver profile, renal profile and total lipid levels.DIME has also favorable effect to inhibit the histopathological changes of the pancreas and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes.

关键词： Antidiabetic Dillenia indica Hypolipidemic Rat Serum cholesterol

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UNIFORM APPROXIMATION OF ENTIRE FUNCTIONS OF SLOW GROWTH ON COMPACT SETS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2012年第6期32卷 2401-2410页

作者： G.S.Srivastava S.kuma Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667India Department of Mathematics Central University of Himachal PradeshDharamshala-176215India

In the present paper, we study the polynomial approximation of entire functions of several complex variables. The characterizations of generalized order and generalized type of entire functions of slow growth are obta... 详细信息

关键词： entire function generalized order generalized type approximation errors interpolation errors

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Influence of Sputtering Pressure on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Ti-Si-N Thin Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第8期26卷 673-678页

作者： vipin Chawla R.Jayaganthan Ramesh Chandra Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & Centre of Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Nano Science Laboratory Institute Instrumentation CentreIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Nanocomposite Ti-Si-N thin films have been deposited on Si （100） substrate by direct current/radio frequency （DC/RF） magnetron sputtering. The effect of varying deposition parameters on the structure and mechanical properties of Ti-Si-N films has been investigated by characterization techniques such as X-ray dif- fraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and nanoindentation, respectively. XRD analysis of the thin films exhibit all （111）, （200） and （220） peaks initially with varying sputtering pressure, but （111） peak dominates at higher sputtering pressure. The crystallite size calculated from XRD peaks shows that it increases with increasing sputtering pressure. Microstructural analy- sis reveals that the dense blurred grains transform into uniform grains in the films and shows porosity with increasing sputtering pressure. The surface roughness of the Ti-Si-N films increases with varying sputtering pressure. The hardness and Youngrs modulus values of Ti-Si-N films are 33.7 and 278.6 GPa, respectively, with 0.7 Pa sputtering pressure but it decreases with further increase in sputtering pressure due to an increase in porosity of the films.

关键词： Ti-Si-N films Nanoindentation Microstructural characterization

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优化蒸汽驱过程的注入方案和生产策略

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世界石油科学 1996年第1期 49-57页

作者： kuma.,M 侯健

本文对加利福尼亚稠油油藏注蒸汽动态的优化方法进行娄值主估。数模结果和现场数据表明，蒸汽突破后，降低蒸汽注入速度是有益的。与恒速注入相比，线性降热方案注入的蒸汽较少，却带来高的现净采可售原油产量。

关键词：蒸汽驱注入提高采收率采油

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