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High omega arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid ratio induces mitochondrial dysfunction and altered lipid metabolism in human hepatoma cells

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第3期12卷 84-98页

作者： Reem Ghazali Kosha J Mehta SW Annie bligh Ihab Tewfik Dahn Clemens vinood b patel School of Life Sciences University of WestminsterLondon W1W 6UWUnited Kingdom Clinical biochemistry Department Faculty of medicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Centre for Education Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College London SE11ULUnited Kingdom Caritas Institute of Higher Education Hong Kong 999077China Nebraska and Western Iowa Veterans Administration Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States

bACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a common cause of liver disease worldwide and is a growing epidemic. A high ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet has been implicated in the development of NAFLD. However, the inflicted cellular pathology remains unknown. A high ratio may promote lipogenic pathways and contribute to reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated damage, perhaps leading to mitochondrial ***, these parameters were investigated to understand their contribution to NAFLD *** To examine the effect of increasing ratios of omega-6:3 fatty acids on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism *** Hep G2-derived VL-17 A cells were treated with normal(1:1, 4:1) and high(15:1,25:1) ratios of omega-6: omega-3 fatty acids [arachidonic acid(AA):docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)] at various time points. Mitochondrial activity and function were examined via MTT assay and Seahorse XF24 analyzer, *** accumulation was determined by using Enzy Chrom? and levels of ROS were measured by fluorescence intensity. Protein expression of the mediators of lipogenic, lipolytic and endocannabinoid pathways was assessed by Western *** High AA:DHA ratio decreased mitochondrial activity(P bolism;increased the expression of stearoyl-Co A desaturase(P binoid receptor 1(P basal and maximal respiration, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity and proton leak(P < 0.01;35%-68%).CONCLUSION High AA:DHA ratio induced triglyceride accumulation, increased oxida

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Lipogenesis Omega fatty acids Mitochondrial dysfunction Reactive oxygen species Oxidative stress

Alcoholic liver disease:Current insights into cellular mechanisms

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World Journal of biological Chemistry 2021年第5期12卷 87-103页

作者： Lucy Petagine Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala vinood b patel Center for Nutraceuticals School of Life SciencesUniversity of WestminsterLondon W1W 6UWUnited Kingdom

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)due to chronic alcohol consumption is a significant global disease burden and a leading cause of *** abuse induces a myriad of aberrant changes in hepatocytes at both the cellular and molecular *** the disease spectrum of ALD is widely recognized,the precise triggers for disease progression are still to be fully *** stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,gut dysbiosis and altered immune system response plays an important role in disease pathogenesis,triggering the activation of inflammatory pathways and *** many recent clinical studies treatment options for ALD are limited,especially at the alcoholic hepatitis *** have therefore reviewed some of the key pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ALD and highlighted current trials for treating patients.

关键词： Liver Alcohol Oxidative stress Inflammation Gut microbiome Mitochondria

To Analyze the Sensitivity of RT-PCR Assays Employing S Gene Target Failure with Whole Genome Sequencing Data during Third Wave by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 247-255页

作者： Pooja patel Yogita Mistry Monika patel Summaiya Mullan Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Department of Microbiology Government Medical college Surat India

Introduction: Omicron is a highly divergent variant of concern (VOCs) of a severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. It carries a high number of mutations in its spike protein hence;it is more transmissible in the community by immune evasion mechanisms. Due to mutation within S gene, most Omicron variants have reported S gene target failure (SGTF) with some commercially available PCR kits. Such diagnostic features can be used as markers to screen Omicron. However, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is the only gold standard approach to confirm novel microorganisms at genetically level as similar mutations can also be found in other variants that are circulating at low frequencies worldwide. This Retrospective study is aimed to assess RT-PCR sensitivity in the detection of S gene target failure in comparison with whole genome sequencing to detect variants of Omicron. Methods: We have analysed retrospective data of SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-PCR samples for S gene target failure (SGTF) with TaqPath COVID-19 RT-PCR Combo Kit (ThermoFisher) and combined with sequencing technologies to study the emerged pattern of SARS-CoV-2 variants during third wave at the tertiary care centre, Surat. Results: From the first day of December 2021 till the end of February 2022, a total of 321,803 diagnostic RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed, of which 20,566 positive cases were reported at our tertiary care centre with an average cumulative positivity of 6.39% over a period of three months. In the month of December 21 samples characterized by the SGTF (70/129) were suggestive of being infected by the Omicron variant and identified as Omicron (b.1.1.529 lineage) when sequence. In the month of January, we analysed a subset of samples (n = 618) with SGTF (24%) and without SGTF (76%) with Ct values Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it took almost more than 15 days to diagnose infection and identify pathogen by sequencing technology. In contrast to that molecular assay provided qu

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 S Gene Target Failure Whole Genome Sequencing Omicron

Superconducting joints using reacted multifilament Mgb_(2)wires:A technology toward cryogen-free MRI magnets

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 159-170页

作者： Dipak patel Akiyoshi Matsumoto Hiroaki Kumakura Yuka Hara Toru Hara Minoru Maeda Hao Liang Yusuke Yamauchi Seyong Choi Jung Ho Kim Md Shahriar A.Hossain School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland 4072Australia National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS) 1-2-1 SengenTsukubaIbaraki 305-0047Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Kangwon High Magnetic Field Center Institute of Quantum Convergence TechnologyKangwon National UniversityGangwon 24341Republic of Korea Australian Institute for bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIbN) The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland 4072Australia Department of Materials Process Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi 464-8603Japan Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative MaterialsUniversity of WollongongNorth WollongongNew South Wales 2500Australia

The development of superconducting joining technology for reacted magnesium diboride(Mgb_(2))conductors remains a critical challenge for the advancement of cryogen-free Mgb_(2)-based magnets for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Herein,the fabrication of superconducting joints using reacted carbon-doped multifilament Mgb_(2)wires for MRI magnets is *** achieve successful superconducting joints,the powder-in-mold method was employed,which involved tuning the filament protection mechanism,the powder compaction pressure,and the heat treatment *** fabricated joints demonstrated clear superconducting-to-normal transitions in self-field,with effective magnetic field screening up to 0.5 T at 20 *** evaluate the interface between one of the Mgb_(2)filaments and the Mgb_(2)bulk within the joint,serial sectioning was conducted for the first time in this type of superconducting *** serial sectioning revealed space formation at the interface,potentially caused by the volume shrinkage associated with the Mgb_(2)formation or the combined effect of the volume shrinkage and the different thermal expansion coefficients of the Mgb_(2)bulk,the filament,the mold,and the sealing *** findings are expected to be pivotal in developing Mgb_(2)superconducting joining technology for MRI magnet applications through interface engineering.

关键词： Mg b2 superconducting joint Mgb_(2)conductor MRI applications Cryogen-free magnet Persistent-mode operation

Metabolic collaboration between cells in the tumor microenvironment has a negligible effect on tumor growth

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 107-114页

作者： Johan Gustafsson Fariba Roshanzamir Anders Hagnestål Sagar M.patel Oseeyi I.Daudu Donald F.becker Jonathan L.Robinson Jens Nielsen Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Hagnesia Ab SE-43854 HindåsSweden Department of biochemistry and Redox biology Center University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA bioInnovation Institute DK2200 CopenhagenDenmark

The tumor microenvironment is composed of a complex mixture of different cell types interacting under conditions of nutrient deprivation,but the metabolism therein is not fully understood due to difficulties in measuring metabolic fluxes and exchange of metabolites between different cell types in ***-scale metabolic modeling enables estimation of such exchange fluxes as well as an opportunity to gain insight into the metabolic behavior of individual cell ***,we estimated the availability of nutrients and oxygen within the tumor microenvironment using concentration measurements from blood together with a metabolite diffusion *** addition,we developed an approach to efficiently apply enzyme usage constraints in a comprehensive metabolic model of human *** combined modeling reproduced severe hypoxic conditions and the Warburg effect,and we found that limitations in enzymatic capacity contribute to cancer cells’preferential use of glutamine as a substrate to the citric acid ***,we investigated the common hypothesis that some stromal cells are exploited by cancer cells to produce metabolites useful for the cancer *** identified over 200 potential metabolites that could support collaboration between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,but when limiting to metabolites previously identified to participate in such collaboration,no growth advantage was *** work highlights the importance of enzymatic capacity limitations for cell behaviors and exemplifies the utility of enzyme-constrained models for accurate prediction of metabolism in cells and tumor microenvironments.

关键词： metabolism effect limitations

Evolution of heart transplant donor characteristics in the 21st century: A United States single center’s experience

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 22-29页

作者： Alexander M Spring Christiana Gjelaj Shivank Madan Snehal R patel Omar Saeed Sandhya Murthy Yogita Rochlani Daniel b Sims Sasha Vukelic Stephen J Forest Jamil F borgi Daniel J Goldstein Ulrich P Jorde Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10467United States Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112United States

Despite a record setting number of heart transplants performed annually,the national donor shortage continues to plague transplant teams across the United *** we describe the barriers to adaptation of numerous“non-traditional”orthotopic heart transplant donor characteristics including donors with hepatitis C virus,those meeting criteria for donation after cardiac death,donors with coronavirus disease 19 infection,donors with the human immunodeficiency virus,and grafts with left ventricular systolic *** center’s objective was to increase our transplant volume by expanding our donor pool from“traditional”donors to these“non-traditional”*** detail how medical advances such as certain laboratory studies,pharmacologic interventions,and organ care systems have allowed our center to expand the donor pool thereby increasing transplantation volume without adverse effects on outcomes.

关键词： Orthotopic heart transplantation Hepatitis C virus COVID-19 Left ventricular systolic dysfunction Human immunodeficiency virus Donation after cardiac death

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome From Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第1期6卷 54-56页

作者： Vaishnavi Jagat patel Jennifer Vu Gisela Mercado Sreenivas Avula Shad Deering University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine San AntonioTX 78235USA Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX 77030USA Department of Radiology Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Department of Radiology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Ob/GYN Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Department of Ob/GYN Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

To editor:Wernicke encephalopathy(WE)is an acute neurological disorder caused by a deficiency of vitamin b1(thiamine),with a prevalence of 1.3%in autopsy studies.1 Eighty-four percent of patients with WE will develop Korsakoff syndrome,which is characterized by amnesia and confusion.2 Although WE is more common in alcoholics,it can also be caused by vomiting,malnourishment,and other situations.

关键词： Hyperemesis gravidarum Wernicke's encephalopathy Pregnancy complication Wernicke-korsakoff

Threshold for initiation of motion of unimodal and bimodal sediments

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第1期28卷 24-33页

作者： Shaileshkumar b.patel Prem Lal patel Prakash Devidas POREY Water Resources Engineering CEDSardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of TechnologySurat-395007India Department of Civil Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of TechnologySurat-395007India Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat-395007India

Experimental data,obtained from previous studies,on Critical Tractive Stress(CTS) of non-uniform sediments, have been used to verify the adequacy of existing relationships for CTS of non-uniform bimodal *** in view the performance of such relationships,a new relationship for computation of dimensionless CTS of individual size fraction of non-uniform unimodal and bimodal sediments has been proposed in the form of power *** coefficient and exponent of the proposed power law have been empirically correlated with sediment characteristics for available sediment *** proposed relationship has been validated with independent flume and field data to assess their applicability for unimodal and bimodal sediments.

关键词： bimodal Critical tractive stress Non-uniform sediment Scaling size Unimodal

The potential role of essential oils in boosting immunity and easing COVID-19 symptoms

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Clinical Traditional Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第2期5卷 54-62页

作者： Vivek P Chavda Pankti C.balar Gargi Jogi Swati Marwadi Aayushi patel Avani Doshi Jinal Ajabiya Lalitkumar Vora Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology L.M.College of PharmacyAhmedabad 380009GujaratIndia Department of biotechnology Savitribai Phule University of Pune411041MaharashtraIndia Pharmacy Section Long Island UniversityUniversity PlazaBrooklynNY 11201United States Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry K B Raval College of PharmacyGandhinagar 382423India Department of Pharmaceutics Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(NIPER)Ahmedabad 380009GujaratIndia School of Pharmacy Queen’s University Belfast97 Lisburn RoadBT97BLUK

background:Several trials have been conducted since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to establish possible clinical treatments for the infected ***,many these approaches have failed to demonstrate positive results in human clinical *** the middle of this investigation,essential oils attracted interest due to their numerous benefits and possible role in management of *** oils have virucidal effects at nontoxic quantities due to their tiny molecular size,high lipophilicity,and quick commencement of ***,the pulmonary exhalation,lower respiratory stimulus,and deep lung transport properties of essential oils increase their potential medicinal ***:The present review aimd to evaluate the potential efficacy of essential oil in management of ***:Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)guidelines,studies published in English up to January 2024 were searched in the PubMed,Scifinder,and Scopus database,using relevant keywords,such as“Essential oil and COVID-19”,“Essential Oil and Viral Infection”,*** non-English articles,abstracts,conference papers,book chapters,and reviews were ***:A total of 108 potentially relevant articles were included for full-text review,with the emphasis is on scrutinizing the probable antiviral action of essential oils to inhibit the replication of *** tried to provide an opinion based on different studies performed using the same concept in different corners of the ***:Various essential oils hold a great potential to work as an adjuvant therapy in management and prevention of COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Sunlight UV radiation Essential oil