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Extraordinary evanescent field confinement waveguide sensor for mid-infrared trace gas spectroscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第2期10卷 147-153页

作者： Marek Vlk Anurup Datta Sebastián Alberti Henock Demessie Yallew vinita Mittal Ganapathy Senthil Murugan Jána Jagerská Department of Physics and Technology UiT The Arctic University of NorwayNO-9037 TromsøNorway Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton S0171BJUK

Nanophotonic waveguides are at the core of a great variety of optical *** structures confine light along defined paths on photonic chips and provide light-matter interaction via an evanescent ***,waveguides still lag behind free-space optics for sensitivity-critical applications such as trace gas *** optical pathlengths,low interaction strengths,and spurious etalon fringes in spectral transmission are among the main reasons why on-chip gas sensing is still in its *** this work,we report on a mid-infrared integrated waveguide sensor that successfully addresses these *** sensor operates with a 107%evanescent field confinement factor in air,which not only matches but also outperforms free-space beams in terms of the per-length optical ***,negligible facet reflections result in a flat spectral background and record-low absorbance noise that can finally compete with free-space *** sensor performance was validated at 2.566μm,which showed a 7 ppm detection limit for acetylene with only a 2 cm long waveguide.

关键词： waveguide ordinary field

Evaluation of Efficacy of Stabilizers on the Thermostability of Live Attenuated Thermo-adapted Peste des petits ruminants Vaccines

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Virologica Sinica 2011年第5期26卷 324-337页

作者： Thachamvally Riyesh Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Gnanavel Venkatesan vinita Yadav raj Kumar Singh Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteCampus Mukteswar 263138Nainital DistrictUttarakhandIndia Veterinary Type cultures Centre National Research Centre on EquinesSirsa RoadHisar 125001HaryanaIndia Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance (PD-ADMAS) HebbalBangalore 560024India National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa RoadHisar 125001HaryanaIndia

In this study, thermo-adapted （Ta） PPR vaccines were assessed for their stability at 25, 37, 40, 42 and 45℃ in lyophilized form using two extrinsic stabilizers {lactalbumin hydrolysate-sucrose （LS） and stabilizer E} and in reconstituted form with the diluents （1 mol/L MgSO4 or 0.85% NaC1）. The lyophilized vaccines showed an expiry period of 24-26 days at 25℃, 7-8 days at 37℃ and 3-4 days at 40℃. LS stabilizer was superior at 42℃ with a shelf-life of 44 h, whereas in stabilizer E, a 40 h shelf-life with a comparable half-life was observed. At 45 ℃, the half-life in stabilizer E was better than LS and lasted for 1 day. Furthermore, the reconstituted vaccine maintained the titre for 48 h both at 4℃ and 25℃ and for 24-30 h at 37℃. As both the stabilizers performed equally well with regard to shelf-life and half-life, the present study suggests LS as stabilizer as a choice for lyophilization with 0.85% NaCldiluent, because it has better performance at higher temperature. These Ta vaccines can be used as alternatives to existing vaccines for the control of the disease in tropical countries as they are effective in avoiding vaccination failure due to the breakdown in cold-chain maintenance, as this vaccine is considerably more stable at ambient temperatures.

关键词： PPR Thermo-adapted Vaccines Stabilizers Diluents Thermo-stability

Antiplasmodial activity of silver nanoparticles: A novel green synthesis approach

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第5期8卷 268-272页

作者： Madhur Sardana Varnika Agarwal Akansha Pant vinita Kapoor Kailash C.Pandey Sanjay Kumar Department of Chemistry Sri Venkateswara College University of Delhi National Institute of Malaria Research ICMR Department of Biochemistry National Institute for Research in Environmental HealthICMR

Objective:To synthesize silver nanoparticles using silver nitrate by a green technique which involves different compositions of aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica(neem)and Ocimum sanctum(tulsi).Methods:Their shape and size were determined using transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible *** antiplasmodial activity was studied using the malarial parasite strain(Plasmodium falciparum,3D7).The parasite strain(3D7)was collected and revived in vitro using Trager and Jensen method in RPMI 1640 medium for *** maximal effective concentration values were calculated by nonlinear regression ***:Transmission electron microscopy results confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles with size ranging from 4.74-39.32 nm and their size differs by varying the concentrations from 20%to 100%of neem extract in neem and tulsi *** was observed that samples B and C showed half maximum effective concentration of about 0.3μ***:It can be easily established that the aqueous leaf extracts of neem and tulsi in combination can be a good source for synthesis of silver nanoparticles with small size possessing appreciable antiplasmodial activity.

关键词： Malaria Antiplasmodial activity Silver nanoparticles Green synthesis Azadirachta indica Ocimum sanctum

Comparison of abdominal ultrasound,endoscopic ultrasound andmagnetic resonance imaging in detection of necrotic debris in walled-off pancreatic necrosis

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第1期4卷 50-53,I0002页

作者： Surinder S rana vinita Chaudhary ravi Sharma Vishal Sharma Puneet Chhabra Deepak K Bhasin Department of Gastroenterology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research(PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia

Background:Walled-off pancreatic necrosis(WOPN)is an important complication of acute pancreatitis that is diagnosed by imaging modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),which can clearly visualize necrotic *** effectiveness of abdominal ultrasound(USG)in detecting solid debris in WOPN is not ***:A total of 52 patients(37 males,mean age 38.9612.6 years)with symptomatic WOPN were prospectively studied using EUS,MRI and *** investigations were done at a mean of 11.765.5 weeks of onset of acute pancreatitis and within two ***:WOPN was detected by EUS&MRI in all patients,whereas USG could not detect it in 4(7.6%)patients(3 had predominantly solid WOPN,whereas one had air foci in WOPN).USG,MRI and EUS could detect solid debris in all patients with detectable *** and USG detectedracterized on EUS and MRI with both detecting>40%debris in 8 patients(15%)compared to 5(11%)patients having>40%debris on *** detected collaterals around WOPN that were not detected on USG or ***:USG can characterize the majority of WOPN,with accuracy comparable to that of EUS/*** its limitations are the inability to detect collaterals around WOPN and characterize collections with high solid content or air.

关键词： endoscopic ultrasound abdominal ultrasound magnetic resonance imaging pancreatic necrosis acute pancreatitis

A rapid and Sensitive One Step-SYBR Green Based Semi Quantitative Real Time RT-PCR for the Detection of peste des petits ruminants Virus in the Clinical Samples

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第1期27卷 1-9页

作者： Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Gnanavel Venkatesan vinita Yadav Vandna Bhanot Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash raj Kumar Singh Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteMukteswar 263138UttarakhandIndia Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance(PD-ADMAS) Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia Animal Health Division ICAR-NEH RegionMeghalaya 793103India Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia National Research Centre on Equines Hisar 125001HaryanaIndia

A sensitive and rapid single step real time （rt） RT-PCR was standardized using one-step Brilliant SYBR Green kit for detection and semi-quantitation ofpeste des petitis ruminants virus （PPRV） using the virus RNA and matrix （M） protein gene-specific primers and compared with established conventional RT-PCR and TaqMan RT-PCR. The assay amplifies a 124 bp fragment of the PPRV M gene with Tm of 78.28 to 78.50. The assay was linear within a range of 50 ng to 0.5 fg total virus RNA with a detection limit （sensitivity） of 0.5 fg. Based on the serial dilution of the live-attenuated PPR vaccine virus, the detection limit was -0.0001 cell culture infectious dose 50% units （TCID50）. Additionally, swab materials spiked with known titre of vaccine virus were equally well detected in the assay. The standardized rt RT-PCR was easily employed for the detection of PPRV nucleic acid directly in the field and experimental clinical samples. The assay detected the PPRV nucleic acid as early as 3 day post infection （dpi） and up to 20 dpi in swab materials from the experimental samples. The assay was rapid and more sensitive than TaqMan and conventional RT-PCR in the detection of PPRV nucleic acid from the PPR suspected clinical samples of sheep and goats. Therefore, the established, simplified SYBR green rt RT-PCR is an alternative test to the already existing various diagnostic assays and could be useful for rapid clinical diagnosis with advantage in reducing risk of contamination.

关键词： PPR M gene SYBR green RT-PCR Early diagnosis Clinical samples

The Impact of Statin Intolerance in Lipid Clinic Patients

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2015年第5期6卷 314-321页

作者： Kate Williams vinita Mishra University of Liverpool (Medical School) Liverpool UK Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust Liverpool UK

Context: Cardiovascular disease is a very common and serious problem in the western world. Statin drug therapy is used in primary, secondary prevention and familial hypercholesterolemia. However, these are frequently associated with adverse effects, causing poor adherence and thus putting patients at risk for future cardiovascular events. Aim: The objective of this study was to review the statin intolerance in lipid patients and to assess the impact of alternative lipid lowering therapy on lipid parameters and cardiovascular outcome in statin intolerant patients. Methodology: 50 patients attending the out-patient lipid clinic of our hospital with statin intolerance were identified. Clinical data on the study patients were gathered retrospectively relating to statin intolerance and the clinical effectiveness of alternative lipid lowering therapy on lipid parameters and cardiovascular outcome. Results: Rosuvastatin was the most intolerable whereas pravastatin or fluvastatin was the most tolerable statin in our study patients. Myalgia was the commonly reported adverse effect of statin. The low dose statin monotherapy or combination of low dose statin and ezetemibe was the most tolerable alternative lipid lowering therapy in statin intolerant patients. After an average period of 10 months of initiation of alternative lipid lowering therapy;combination of low dose statin plus ezetimibe showed the largest reduction in serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Conclusions: Pravastatin should be preferred in statin intolerant patients. A combination of low dose statin plus ezetimibe appeared to be the most tolerable and clinically effective therapy in statin intolerant patients.

关键词： Statin Intolerance Alternative Lipid Lowering Therapy Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Total Cholesterol

Polarization Multiplexed Interrogation Technique for FBG Sensor Array

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Photonic Sensors 2015年第3期5卷 193-201页

作者： Debabrata SIKDAR vinita TIWARI Anupam SONI Ritesh JAISWAL Surekha BHANOT Laboratory of Optical Fiber Communications Birla Institute of Technology and Science PilanL Rajasthan 333031 India

This paper proposes a polarization multiplexed interrogation technique for fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor array. The novelty of the proposed model is its ability to reduce interference and cross talk, thus allowing larger number of FBG sensors to be interrogated in an array. The calibration technique has been illustrated in this work for the FBG sensor array, where data from each sensor are linearly polarized and multiplexed before co-propagation, to find out the tapping points that enable identification of each sensor data uniquely. Simulation has been carried out for odd number and even number of sensors in an array. Even with interfering input, this proposed scheme can interrogate and distinctively identify each sensor data using appropriate tuning of polarization-splitter, polarization-rotator, and polarization-attenuator at the detector end during the calibration process. The significance of the proposed method is its compact size, which makes this calibration system ready to be deployed in real-time sensing applications and data acquisition from the FBG sensor array.

关键词： FBG wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) time division multiplexing (TDM) spatial divisionmultiplexing (SDM) fiber-optic sensors

Soil quality assessment for desertification based on multi-indicators with the best-worst method in a semi-arid ecosystem

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第7期15卷 779-796页

作者： Orhan DENGİZ İnci DEMİraĞTUraN Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Faculty of AgricultureOndokuz Mayıs UniversitySamsun-55139Turkey Department of Geography Faculty of EconomicAdministrative and Social SciencesSamsun UniversitySamsun-55030Turkey

Since there are some signs of land degradation and desertification showing how soil sustainability is threatened, it is crucial to create a soil quality index(SQI) model in the semi-arid ?orum Basin, situated between the Black Sea and Anatolia Region, Central Turkey. The primary aims of the study are:(1) to determine SQI values of the micro-basin in terms of land degradation and ***, the best-worst method(BWM) was used to determine the weighting score for each parameter;(2) to produce the soils' spatial distribution by utilizing different geostatistical models and GIS(geographic information system) techniques;and(3) to validate the obtained SQI values with biomass reflectance values. Therefore, the relationship of RE-OSAVI(red-edge optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index) and NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index) generated from Sentinel-2A satellite images at different time series with soil quality was examined. Results showed that SQI values were high in the areas that had almost a flat and slight slope. Moreover, the areas with high clay content and thick soil depth did not have salinity problems, and were generally distributed in the middle parts of the basin. However, the areas with a high slope, poor vegetation, high sand content, and low water holding capacity had low SQI ***, a statistically high positive correlation of RE-OSAVI and NDVI indices with soil quality was found, and NDVI had the highest correlative value for June(R~2=0.802) compared with RE-OSAVI.

关键词： soil quality land degradation desertification best-worst method remote sensing

Epidemiological and Diagnostic Profile of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus from 2017 to 2021 in Parakou, Republic of Benin

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 147-161页

作者： Khadidjatou Saké Cossi Angelo Attinsounon Aboudou raϊmi Kpossou Morayo Omm Ani Salami Astrid Alexandrine Hountondji Kofi-Mensa Savi de Tovè Rhonel Ahanhanzo-Glèlè Kpémahoun René Kèkè Sossa Edmond Gbédo Jean Sehonou Nicolas Kodjoh Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Health Program to Fight AIDS Cotonou Benin National Program for the Control of Hepatitis Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Viral hepatitis B is a public health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and diagnostic profile of chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus seen for gastroenterology consultations in Parakou, Republic of Benin. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study with retrospective data collection. Patients seen for gastroenterology consultations from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2021 at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori (CHUD-B/A) and having been diagnosed as chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus were included. A minimum initial assessment was required to be included. The minimum sample size was calculated with Schwartz formula. The variable of interest was the detection of HBsAg twice and at least 6 months apart. The other variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical data. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 17 software. Results: A total of 2786 patients were seen for gastroenterology consultations, including 1126 (40.4%) HBsAg-positive patients. Among them, 417 patients met the inclusion criteria and were the subject of the present study. The average age of the patients was 34.8 ± 10.5 years. Two hundred and forty-seven patients (65.7%) were male, representing a sex ratio of 1.9. The discovery of positive HBsAg status was made during systematic screening in 231 patients (55.4%). Scarifications were noted in 373 patients (89.4%). Asthenia was reported in 184 patients (44.1%). Co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C and D viruses were 0% (0 in 92), 2.8% (4 in 146) and 14.3% (2 in 146), respectively. During the initial assessment, 274 patients (65.7%) were sero-negative for chronic HBeAg infection, 21 (5%) had clinically significant fibrosis including 16 (3.8%) at the stage of cirrhosis and 7 patients (5.4%) had hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: In Parakou, chronic hepatitis B virus infection is common and affects young pe

关键词： Chronic Infection HBV Epidemiology Diagnosis Parakou