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Cadmium isotope fractionation reveals genetic variation in Cd uptake and translocation by Theobroma cacao and role of natural resistanceassociated macrophage protein 5 and heavy metal ATPase-family transporters

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2006-2016页

作者： Rebekah E.T.Moore Ihsan Ullah vinicius hde oliveira Samantha J.Hammond Stanislav Strekopytov Mark Tibbett Jim M.Dunwell Mark Rehkämper Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial CollegeLondon SW72BPUK School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReading RG66BZUK School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton Keynes MK76AAUK Imaging and Analysis Centre The Natural History MuseumLondon SW75BDUK Present address:Department of Plant Biology Institute of BiologyUniversity of CampinasCampinasSao Paulo 13083-970Brazil Present address:National Measurement Laboratory LGCQueen’s RoadTeddington TW110LYUK

In response to new European Union regulations,studies are underway to mitigate accumulation of toxic cadmium(Cd)in cacao(Theobroma cacao,Tc).This study advances such research with Cd isotope analyses of 19 genetically diverse cacao clones and yeast transformed to express cacao natural resistance-associated macrophage protein(NRAMP5)and heavy metal ATPases(HMAs).The plants were enriched in light Cd isotopes relative to the hydroponic solution withΔ^(114/110)Cd_(tot-sol)=−0.22±0.08‰.Leaves show a systematic enrichment of isotopically heavy Cd relative to total plants,in accord with closed-system isotope fractionation ofΔ^(114/110)C_(dseq-mob)=−0.13‰,by sequestering isotopically light Cd in roots/stems and mobilisation of remaining Cd to *** findings demonstrate that(i)transfer of Cd between roots and leaves is primarily unidirectional;(ii)different clones utilise similar pathways for Cd sequestration,which differ from those of other studied plants;(iii)clones differ in their efficiency of Cd *** yeast that expresses TcNRAMP5(*** natural resistance-associated macrophage gene)had isotopically lighter Cd than did *** suggests that NRAMP5 transporters constitute an important pathway for uptake of Cd by *** isotope signatures of transgenic yeast expressing HMA-family proteins suggest that they may contribute to Cd *** data are the first to record isotope fractionation induced by transporter proteins in vivo.

关键词： roots transformed signature

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Optimizing any-aged management of mixed boreal forest under residual basal area constraints

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 627-636页

作者： Timo Pukkala Erkki L?hde Olavi Laiho University of Eastern Finland Faculty of Science and ForestryP.O. 111 80101 Joensuu Finland Joen Forest Program Consulting Rauhankatu 41 80100 Joensuu Finland

The current trend of forest management in many countries is reduced use of clear-felling and planting, and increased use of continuous cover management. In Finland, the new forest act of 2014 made all types of cuttings equally allowable on the condition that if the post-cutting residual stand basal area is too low, the stand must be regenerated within certain time frame. Forest landowner can freely choose between even-and uneven-aged management. This study developed a method for opti-mizing the timing and type of cuttings without the need to categorize the management system as either even-aged or uneven-aged. A management system that does not set any requirements on the sequence of post-cutting diameter distributions is called any-aged management. Planting or sow-ing was used when stand basal area fell below the required minimum basal area and the amount of advance regeneration was less than required in the regulations. When the cuttings of 200 stands managed earlier with even-aged silviculture were optimized with the developed system, final felling followed by artificial regeneration was selected for almost 50%of stands. Reduction of the minimum basal area limit greatly decreased the use of artificial regeneration but improved profitability, suggesting that the truly optimal management would be to use natural regeneration in financially mature stands. The optimal type of thinning was high thinning in 97-99%of cases. It was calculated that the minimum basal area re-quirement reduced the mean net present value of the stands by 12-16%when discount rate was 3-5%.

关键词： any-aged silviculture artificial regeneration continuous cover forestry optimal management uneven-aged management

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Stand management optimization——the role of simplifications

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Forestry Studies in China 2014年第1期16卷 12-22页

作者： Timo Pukkala Erkki Lhde Olavi Laiho Faculty of Science and Forestry University of Eastern Finland Joen Forest Program Consulting

Background:Studies on optimal stand management often make simplifications or restrict the choice of treatments,Examples of simplifications are neglecting natural regeneration that appears on a plantation site,omitting advance regeneration in simulations,or restricting thinning treatments to low thinning(thinning from below).Methods:This study analyzed the imparts of simplifications on the optimization results for Fennoscandian boreal *** of pine and spruce plantations was optimized by gradually reducing the number of simplifying ***:Forced low thinning,cleaning the plantation from the natural regeneration of mixed species and ignoring advance regeneration all had a major impact on optimization *** thinning(thinning from above) resulted in higher NPV and longer rotation length than thinning from *** was profitable to leave a mixed stand in the tending treatment of young *** advance regeneration was taken into account,it was profitable to increase the number of thinnings and postpone final *** the optimal management,both pine and spruce plantation was gradually converted into uneven-aged mixture of spruce and ***:The results suggest that,with the current management costs and timber price level,it may be profitable to switch to continuous cover management on medium growing sites of Fennoscandian boreal forests.

关键词： Plantation management Continuous cover forestry Even-aged management Mixed stands

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Height increment of understorey Norway spruces under different tree canopies

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Forestry Studies in China 2014年第1期16卷 23-30页

作者： Olavi Laiho Timo Pukkala Erkki Lhde1 Joen Forest Program Consulting Faculty of Science and Forestry University of Eastern Finland

Background:Stands having advance regeneration of spruce are logical places to start continuous cover forestry(CCF) in fertile and mesic boreal ***,the development of advance regeneration is poorly ***:This study used regression analysis to model the height increment of spruce understorey as a function of seedling height,site characteristics and canopy ***:An admixture of pine and birch in the main canopy improves the height increment of *** the stand basal area is 20 m2ha-1 height increment is twice as fast under pine and birch canopies,as compared to *** increment of understorey spruce increases with increasing seedling ***-stand and within-stand residual variation in the height increment of understorey spruces is *** increment of 1/6 fastest-growing seedlings is at least 50%greater than the ***:The results of this study help forest managers to regulate the density and species composition of the stand,so as to obtain a sufficient height development of the *** pure and almost pure spruce stands,the stand basal area should be low for a good height increment of the understorey.

关键词： Advance regeneration Continuous cover forestry Growth model Picea abies Uneven-aged management

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Clinical characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer hospital

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2020年第1期17卷 199-207页

作者： Xiaonan Cui Daiwei Han Marjolein AHeuvelmans Yihui Du Yingru Zhao Lei Zhang Harry JMGroen Geertruida hde Bock Monique DDorrius Matthijs Oudkerk Rozemarijn Vliegenthart Zhaoxiang Ye Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060China Department of Radiology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Epidemiology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Medisch Spectrum Twente Department of PulmonologyEnschede 7512 KZThe Netherlands Department of Thoracic Surgery Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinTianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060China Department of Pulmonary Diseases University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands University of Groningen University Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands

Objectives:To evaluate the characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer ***:Patients with pulmonary nodules 4–25 mm in diameter detected via computed tomography(CT)in 2013 were consecutively *** analysis was restricted to patients with a histological nodule diagnosis or a 2-year follow-up period without nodule growth confirming benign *** information was collected from hospital ***:Among the 314 nodules examined in 299 patients,212(67.5%)nodules in 206(68.9%)patients were *** to benign nodules,malignant nodules were larger(18.0 mm vs.12.5 mm,P<0.001),more often partly solid(16.0%vs.4.7%,P<0.001)and more often spiculated(72.2%vs.41.2%,P<0.001),with higher density in contrast-enhanced CT(67.0 HU vs.57.5 HU,P=0.015).Final diagnosis was based on surgery in 232 out of 314(73.9%)nodules,166 of which were identified as malignant[30(18.1%)stage III or IV]and 66 as *** 36 nodules(11.5%),diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and the remainder verified based on stability of nodule size at follow-up imaging(n=46,14.6%).Among 65 nodules subjected to gene(EGFR)mutation analyses,28(43.1%)cases(EGFR19 n=13;EGFR21 n=15)were identified as EGFR mutant and 37(56.9%)as EGFR *** to surgery,the majority of patients[n=194(83.6%)]received a contrast-enhanced CT scan for staging of both malignant[n=140(84.3%)]and benign[n=54(81.8%)]*** of positron emission tomography(PET)-CT was relatively uncommon[n=38(16.4%)].Conclusions:CT-derived nodule assessment assists in diagnosis of small to intermediate-sized malignant pulmonary ***,contrast-enhanced CT is commonly used as the sole diagnostic confirmation technique for pre-surgical staging,often resulting in surgery for late-stage disease and unnecessary surgery in cases of benign nodules.

关键词： Lung nodule diagnosis computed tomography pathology China

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