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Long-term impact of artificial intelligence on colorectal adenoma detection in high-risk colonoscopy

World Journal of Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2024年第6期16卷 335-342页

作者： Kenneth W Chow Matthew T Bell Nicholas Cumpian Maryanne Amour Ryan H Hsu viktor e eysselein Neetika Srivastava Michael W Fleischman Sofiya Reicher Department of Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States Department of Bioengineering Jacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States Department of Gastroenterology Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States

BACKGROUND Improved adenoma detection rate(ADR)has been demonstrated with artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted ***,data on the real-world appli-cation of AI and its effect on colorectal cancer(CRC)screening outcomes is *** To analyze the long-term impact of AI on a diverse at-risk patient population undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy for positive CRC screening tests or *** AI software(GI Genius,Medtronic)was implemented into the standard proced-ure protocol in November *** was collected on patient demographics,procedure indication,polyp size,location,and *** screening outcomes were evaluated before and at different intervals after AI introduction with one year of *** We evaluated 1008 colonoscopies(278 pre-AI,255 early post-AI,285 established post-AI,and 190 late post-AI).The ADR was 38.1%pre-AI,42.0%early post-AI(P=0.77),40.0%established post-AI(P=0.44),and 39.5%late post-AI(P=0.77).There were no significant differences in polyp detection rate(PDR,baseline 59.7%),advanced ADR(baseline 16.2%),and non-neoplastic PDR(baseline 30.0%)before and after AI *** In patients with an increased pre-test probability of having an abnormal colonoscopy,the current generation of AI did not yield enhanced CRC screening metrics over high-quality *** the potential of AI in colonoscopy is undisputed,current AI technology may not universally elevate screening metrics across all situations and patient *** studies that analyze different AI systems across various patient populations are needed to determine the most effective role of AI in optimizing CRC screening in clinical practice.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colonoscopy Adenoma detection rate Screening Colorectal adenoma

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Improved diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle biopsy with histology specimen processing

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2020年第8期12卷 212-219页

作者： Lawrence Ku Mohammad A Shahshahan Linda A Hou viktor e eysselein Sofiya Reicher Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90509United States

BACKGROUND endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy(eUS-FNB)has emerged as a safe,efficacious alternative to fine needle aspiration(FNA)for tissue ***-FNB is reported to have higher diagnostic yield while preserving specimen tissue ***,data on the optimal method of eUS-FNB specimen processing is *** To evaluate eUS-FNB with specimen processing as histology vs eUS-FNA cytology with regards to diagnostic yield and specimen *** All eUS-FNA and eUS-FNB performed at our institution from July 1,2016,to January 31,2018,were retrospectively *** collected data on demographics,eUS findings,pathology,clinical outcomes,and procedural complications in two periods,July 2016 through March 2017,and April 2017 through January 2018,with predominant use of FNB in the second data collection time *** specimens were processed as cytology with cell block technique and reviewed by a cytopathologist;FNB specimens were fixed in formalin,processed for histopathologic analysis and immunohistochemical staining,and reviewed by an anatomic *** diagnosis was based on surgical pathology when available,repeat biopsy or imaging,and length of clinical follow *** One hundred six eUS-FNA and eUS-FNB procedures were *** alone was performed in 17 patients;in 56 patients,FNB alone was done;and in 33 patients,both FNA and FNB were *** all indications,diagnostic yield was 47.1%(8/17)in FNA alone cases,85.7%(48/56)in FNB alone cases,and 84.8%(28/33)in cases where both FNA and FNB were performed(P=0.0039).Specimens were adequate for pathologic evaluation in 52.9%(9/17)of FNA alone cases,in 89.3%(50/56)of FNB alone cases,and 84.8%(28/33)in cases where FNA with FNB were performed(P=0.0049).Tissue could not be aspirated for cytology in 10.0%(5/50)of cases where FNA was done,while in 3.4%(3/89)of FNB cases,tissue could not be obtained for *** patients who underwent FNA with FNB,there was a stat

关键词： Fine needle biopsy endoscopic ultrasound Fine needle aspiration Pancreatic cancer Histology Cytopathology

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experimental study on influence of blade angle and particle size on particle mechanics on a batch-operated single floor of a multiple hearth furnace

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 224-240页

作者： Max Kriegeskorte Nikoline Hilse Phil Spatz viktor Scherer Institute for energy Plant Technology(LeAT) Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstraβe 15044780 BochumGermany

In industry,multiple hearth furnaces are used for the thermal treatment of particulate *** current contribution concentrates on the experimental analysis of particle mechanics for a batch-operated single floor of a multiple hearth *** particles are agitated on the circular floor by a single,rotating rabble arm equipped with three flat rabble blades of 10 mm *** blade angle,defined as the angle,which the blade is inclined against the tangential direction,is varied from 0°to 90°.A single layer of spherical polyoxymethylene(POM)particles with three different diameters(5,10 and 20 mm)is placed on the *** analyze the results,two parameters have been extracted from image analysis when the bed of particles is agitated,first,the area not covered by particles and second,the frequency distribution of the mean distance among the *** particle free surface area increases with the inclination of the *** evolution of the particle free surface area differs for the different particle *** general,the maximum particle free area for all blade angles is the largest for the 5 mm particles followed by the 20 mm *** the 10 mm particles,the particle free surface area starts for a blade angle of 0°at larger values than for the 20 mm particles but the values fall below the values for the 20 mm particles for larger blade *** reason for this behavior is discussed in *** mean distance among the particles is a parameter characterizing the length scales dominating the effects on the *** frequency distribution of the mean distance among particles provides infor-mation about the morphology of the particle bulk,for example,whether the free surface area is inter-spersed with particles.

关键词： Hearth furnace floor Particle movement Spherical particles Particle free surface area Mean distance among particles

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evaluating the risk of adverse events with interventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound procedures in cirrhotic patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2019年第11期11卷 523-530页

作者： Timothy Yoo Raisa epistola Jordan epistola Lawrence Ku Michael W Fleischman Sofiya Reicher viktor e eysselein Linda A Hou Department of Internal Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90509United States Department of Psychology SocialDecisionand Organizational Sciences ProgramUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742United States Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90509United States

BACKGROUND Hepatic cirrhosis is associated with greater adverse event rates following surgical procedures and is thought to have a higher risk of complications with interventional procedures in ***,these same patients often require interventional gastrointestinal procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(eRCP)and endoscopic ultrasound(eUS).While studies examining this scenario exist,the overall body of evidence for adverse event rates associated with eRCP/eUS procedures is more *** sought add to the literature by examining the incidence of adverse events after eRCP/eUS procedures in our safety-net hospital population with the hypothesis that severity of cirrhosis correlates with higher adverse event *** To examine whether increasing severity of cirrhosis is associated with greater incidence of adverse events after interventional eRCP/eUS *** We performed a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with hepatic cirrhosis who underwent eRCP and/or eUS-guided fine needle aspirations/fine needle biopsies from January 1,2016 to March 14,2019 at our safety net *** recorded Child-Pugh and Model for end-stage Liver Disease(MeLD-Na)scores at time of procedure,interventions completed,and 30-day post-procedural adverse *** analyses were done to assess whether Child-Pugh class and MeLD-Na score were associated with greater adverse event rates and whether advanced techniques(single-operator cholangioscopy,electrohydraulic lithotripsy/laser lithotripsy,or needle-knife techniques)were associated with higher complication *** 77 procedures performed on 36 patients were *** study population consisted primarily of middle-aged Hispanic males.30-d procedure-related adverse events included gastrointestinal bleeding(7.8%),infection(6.5%),and bile leak(2%).The effect of Child-Pugh class C vs class A and B significantly predicted adverse events(β=0.55,PeLD-Na scores also signifi

关键词： endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography endoscopic ultrasound Fine-needle aspiration Fine-needle biopsy Hepatic cirrhosis Model for end-stage Liver Disease Child-Pugh Class Adverse events

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Investigating the inflow into a granular bed using a locally resolved method

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 89-101页

作者： Maximilian Brommer Maik Scharnowski enric Illana Mahiques Siegmar Wirtz viktor Scherer Ruhr University Bochum Institute of Energy Plant TechnologyUniversitätsstraβe 15044780BochumGermany

Discrete element Method-Computational Fluid Dynamics(DeM/CFD)simulations of industrial-scale granular systems employ spatial averaging(porous media approach)for the fluid-particle interaction in the whole domain,which can lead to poor accuracy,for instance at flow inlets,as local particle bulk morphology is not *** paper presents an approach where the interstitial flow in crucial areas with large gradients can be resolved locally in an otherwise unresolved domain,so that a mixed resolved-unresolved method is *** a generic example to show the feasibility and performance of the new approach,the inflow of ambient air into a flat-bottom hopper through a narrow orifice is *** an experimental setup,the vertical profile of the pressure decay through the inlet and across the packing is chosen for com-parison with respective *** obtained with the conventional porous media method and the locally resolved approach are compared to these experiments for varying volume flow rates and for two different particle *** of different size as well as dodecahedrons are *** is found that although averaging methods already provide good approximations,the locally resolved method can improve the result especially when conventional drag laws are not applicable due to wall effects or if large velocity gradients exist.

关键词： DeM/CFD Packed bed Pressure drop

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Convective drying of wood chips:Accelerating coupled DeM-CFD simulations with parametrized reduced single particle models

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 158-167页

作者： Lucas Reineking Jonas Fischer Ali Mjalled enric Illana Siegmar Wirtz viktor Scherer Martin Monnigmann Automatic Control and System Theory Ruhr-Universität-BochumUniversitätstraße 150Bochum44801Germany energy Plant Technology Ruhr-Universität-BochumUniversitätstraße 150Bochum44801Germany

The simulation of industry-scale reactive bulks is challenging due to the complex interaction between fluid and *** particles in the bulk and their interaction with the fluid flow can be described by combined Discrete element Method-Computational Fluid Dynamics(DeM-CFD)***,the computational cost of the Finite Volume(FV)methods deployed in these models can become prohibi-tively expensive,especially for high inner-particle *** particle Reduced Models(RMs)can be used to achieve both fast and accurate descriptions of the processes in each *** an example of bulk systems comprising heat and mass transfer,we compared FV and RM simulations for the drying of wood chips in a bulk reactor.A manifold-based nonlinear interpolation was applied to resolve changing boundary conditions for the *** simulations showed that RMs provide accurate values for the thermodynamic state variables of the ***,the time required for the bulk simulation was reduced by 67%with the *** is evident that simulations with high inner-particle resolution can be accelerated by RMs if manifold-based nonlinear interpolation is used to address changing boundary conditions.

关键词： Reduced model Reactive bulk Discrete element method Manifold-based interpolation Drying of porous mediaDeM-CFD

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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： Lijing CHeNG John ABRAHAM Kevin e.TReNBeRTH Tim BOYeR Michael eMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHeNG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHeN Dakui WANG Licheng FeNG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco ReSeGHeTTI Simona SIMONCeLLI viktor GOUReTSKI Gengxin CHeN Alexey MISHONOV Jim ReAGAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WeI Guancheng LI Qiuping ReN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU International Center for Climate and environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA University of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of earth and environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China Oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China eSSIC/CISeSS-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Mercator Ocean International Toulouse 31400France eco-environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human *** 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCeI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the *** with the onset of a strong el Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of *** density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

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Staining for p53 and Ki-67 increases the sensitivity of eUS-FNA to detect pancreatic malignancy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2010年第11期2卷 362-368页

作者： Alexander W Jahng Sonya Reicher David Chung Donna Varela Rahul Chhablani Anil Dev Binh Pham Jose Nieto Rose J Venegas Samuel W French Bruce e Stabile viktor e eysselein Division of Gastroenterology Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States Department of Pathology Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States Department of Surgery Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States

AIM:To investigate whether tumor marker staining can improve the sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(eUS-FNA)to diagnose pancreatic malignancy. MeTHODS:Patients who underwent eUS-FNA were retrospectively *** eUS-FNA specimen was evaluated by routine cytology and stained for tumor markers p53,Ki-67,carcinoembryonic antigen(CeA) and ***,specificity,positive and negative predictive values(PPV and NPV),and positive and negative likelihood ratios(PLR and NLR)were calculated in order to evaluate the performance of each test to detect malignancy. ReSULTS:Sixty-one specimens had complete sets of stains,yielding 49 and 12 specimens from pancreatic adenocarcinomas and benign pancreatic lesions due to pancreatitis,*** alone had sensitivity and specificity of 41%and 100%to detect malignancy, *** 46%of the specimens,routine cytology alone was deemed *** addition of either p53 or Ki-67 increased the sensitivity to 51%and 53%,respectively,with perfect specificity,PPV and PLR (100%,100%and infinite).Both stains in combination increased the sensitivity to 57%.While additional staining with CeA and CA19-9 further increased the sensitivity to 86%,the specificity,PPV and PLR were significantly reduced(at minimum 42%,84%and 1,respectively).Markers in all combinations performed poorly as a negative test(NPV 26%to 47%,and NLR 0.27 and 0.70).CONCLUSION:Immunohistochemical staining for p53 and Ki-67 can improve the sensitivity of eUS-FNA to diagnose pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

关键词： endoscopic ultrasound Fine needle aspira tion Pancreatic cancer p53 Ki-67 Immunohistochemistry

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Mechanism of the Initial Stage of Thermal Decomposition of Nitroguanidine

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火炸药学报 2023年第1期46卷 31-40页

作者： Boris e.Krisyuk Danila A.Markin Timofey M.Sypko viktor V.Zakharov Nikita V.Chukanov Boris L.Korsunskiy Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences142432prosp.Academician Semenov1ChernogolovkaMoscow RegionRussia Plekhanov Russian University of economics Department of Chemistry and Physics36 Stremyanny laneMoscow 117997Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical engineeringGSP-11 Leninskie Goryp.51Moscow 119991Russia N.N.Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Science 4 Kosygina StreetBuilding 1Moscow 119991Russia

A theoretical and experimental study of the thermal decomposition of nitroguanidine(NQ) has been carried out. Various thermolysis channels were studied by quantum chemistry methods at the CCSD(or DLPNO-CCSD) level using the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. It is shown that the lowest activation enthalpies(170-180kJ/mol) are characteristic of the reactions of NO2abstraction from the initial NQ and the reaction channel with the transfer of oxygen from the nitro group to carbon in the limiting stage. Additionally, the thermolysis of NQ was studied experimentally in a nonisothermal mode with heating rates from 1 to 10K/min. In these experiments, the weight loss of the sample, thermal effects, and mass spectra of the products were recorded. An analysis of the experimental data confirmed the results of a theoretical study of the mechanism of thermal decomposition of NQ. The main thermolysis products are N2O, HNCO, NH3, and NO2, which fully corresponds to quantum chemical calculations.

关键词： primary thermolysis steps quantum-chemical calculation mass spectrometry DSC TG

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Polyvinylpyrrolidone-based bioink:influence of bioink properties on printing performance and cell proliferation during inkjet-based bioprinting

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2023年第6期6卷 676-690页

作者： Wei Long Ng Xi Huang viktor Shkolnikov Ratima Suntornnond Wai Yee Yeong HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab Nanyang Technological University(NTU)Singapore 637460Singapore Singapore Centre for 3D Printing(SC3DP) School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University(NTU)Singapore 639798Singapore HP Inc. Palo AltoCA 94304USA

Among the different bioprinting techniques,the drop-on-demand(DOD)jetting-based bioprinting approach facilitates contactless deposition of pico/nanoliter droplets ofmaterials and cells for optimal cell–matrix and cell–cell *** bioinks play a critical role in the bioprinting process,there is a poor understanding of the influence of bioink properties on printing performance(such as filament elongation,formation of satellite droplets,and droplet splashing)and cell health(cell viability and proliferation)during the DOD jetting-based bioprinting *** inert polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP360,molecular weight=360 kDa)polymerwas used in this study to manipulate the physical properties of the bioinks and investigate the influence of bioink properties on printing performance and cell *** experimental results showed that a higher bioink viscoelasticity helps to stabilize droplet filaments before rupturing from the nozzle *** highly stretched droplet filament resulted in the formation of highly aligned“satellite droplets,”which minimized the displacement of the satellite droplets away from the predefined ***,a significant increase in the bioink viscosity facilitated droplet deposition on the wetted substrate surface in the absence of splashing and significantly improved the accuracy of the deposited main *** analysis showed that cell-laden bioinks with higher viscosity exhibited higher measured average cell viability(%),as the presence of polymer within the printed droplets provides an additional cushioning effect(higher energy dissipation)for the encapsulated cells during droplet impact on the substrate surface,improves the measured average cell viability even at higher droplet impact velocity and retains the proliferation capability of the printed *** the influence of bioink properties(e.g.,bioink viscoelasticity and viscosity)on printing performance and cell proliferation is important for the formulation

关键词： Biofabrication 3D bioprinting Drop-on-demand bioprinting Bioink properties Polyvinylpyrrolidone

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