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An Original Didactic about Standard Model (Geometric Model of Particle: The Quarks)

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 854-874页

作者： Giovanni Guido Abele bianchi Gianluigi Filippelli High Scholl “ C. Cavalleri&#8221 Parabiago (Milan) Italy High Scholls “ Gandini&#8221 Lodi Italy INAF Astronomic Observatory “ Brera&#8221 Milan Italy

This work shows a didactic model representative of the quarks described in the Standard Model (SM). In the model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillators (GMP). From these didactic hypotheses emerges an in-depth phenomenology of particles (quarks) fully compatible with that of SM, showing, besides, that the number of possible quarks is six.

关键词： Golden Particle Quark Sub-Oscillator Semi-Quanta IQuO Geometric Structure Golden Number Massive Coupling Interpenetration IQuO Pion Meson

Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico bianchi Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

A Bioinspired Robot Growing like Plant Roots

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第5期20卷 2044-2058页

作者： Giovanni bianchi Aldo Agoni Simone Cinquemani Department of Mechanics Politecnico di MilanoVia La Masa 1Milano20156LombardiaItaly

Plants are usually considered static organisms,but they can perform a wide range of movements that can be a source of inspiration for robots.The roots’growing motion is the most noteworthy since they are excellent diggers that can move in unstructured environments and navigate past barriers.Furthermore,root growth has a high energy efficiency since it penetrates the soil at its tip,adding new material without displacing the already grown portion,minimizing the energy dissipation due to friction and lowering the inertia.A robot inspired by the growth of roots could be used in search and rescue or environmental monitoring.The design of a soft robot inspired by root growth is presented in this article.The robot body consists of a cylindrical plastic membrane folded inside itself.The robot body is inflated,and its tip is everted,expanding its length as air is blown from the base.Velcro straps are placed on the membrane’s exterior surface to keep it folded.The head is positioned inside the tip,which houses the mechanism that controls the growth direction.It consists of housing for two balloons that are selectively inflated,and their expansion applies pressure on the exterior surface,opening the Velcro straps and determining the growth direction.The robot was constructed,and a kinematic model of its motion in the plane was created and compared with experimental data.The error in predicting the turning angle is only 5%,and the resulting predicted position differs on average by 55 mm on a total length of 850 mm.

关键词： Soft robot Pneumatic actuation Bioinspired robot Growing robot Plant root

Endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy as a treatment for anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3747-3752页

作者： Maria Michela Chiarello Valentina bianchi Pietro Fransvea Giuseppe Brisinda Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CosenzaCosenza 87100Italy Emergency Surgery and Trauma Center Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168taly Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy

Anastomotic leakage(AL)has a wide range of clinical features ranging from radiological only findings to peritonitis and sepsis with multiorgan failure.An early diagnosis of AL is essential in order to establish the most appropriate treatment for this complication.Despite AL continues to be a dreadful complication after colorectal surgery,there has been no consensus on its management.However,based on patient’s presentation and timing of the AL,there has been a gradual shift to a more conservative management,keeping surgery as the last option Reoperation for sepsis control is rarely necessary especially in those patients who already have a diverting stoma at the time of the leak.A nonoperative management is usually preferred in these patients.There are several treatment options,also for patients without a stoma who do not require a reoperation for a contained pelvic leak,including recently developed endoscopic procedures,such as clip placement or endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy.More conservative treatments could be an option in patients who are clinically stable or in presence of a small defect.

关键词： Anastomotic leakage Colorectal cancer Colorectal surgery Mortality Morbidity

Three decades of unveiling the complex chemistry of C-nitroso species with computational chemistry

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第1期9卷 223-264页

作者： Pauline bianchi Jean-Christophe M.Monbaliu Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis MolSys Research UnitUniversity of LiègeB-4000 Liège(Sart Tilman)Belgium

C-Nitroso species are characterized by a unique nitrogen–oxygen combination located next to a carbon backbone,which confers them a unique ambiphilic and high reactivity towards nucleophilic,electrophilic but also radical species.Although this ambivalence can be seen as a strong asset for developing versatile synthetic aminohydroxylation and/or hydroxylamination processes mainly through nitroso Diels–Alder,nitroso ene,and nitrosoaldol reactions,it also contributes to complex optimization and rationalization arising from the many competitive pathways,that is,the occurrence of regioisomers and stereoisomers,as well as dimerization and tautomerization side-reactions.Complex reactivity profiles are usually seen by synthetic organic chemists as major hurdles to overcome,despite the armada of analytical and purification methods available to them,and hence to achieve selective and exploitable developments of such reactions.The rise of computational chemistry and resources has certainly changed their perspectives,since it provides a very different angle to gather insights on intrinsic properties,reactivity,and mechanisms.In silico chemistry also provides a robust alternative to time and resource-consuming synthetic work and can therefore contribute to alleviate wasteful preparations by guiding the chemist toward the best combination of reagents to achieve high selectivity and yield.The synergistic combination of synthetic organic chemistry and computational chemistry,within the specific context of the complex chemistry of C-nitroso species,is discussed in this work.This review aims at giving an overview of the molecular and chemical properties obtained through computational chemistry as an enabling support for the rationalization and optimization of reactions relying on ambiphilic C-nitroso species over the 3 last decades.It provides clear,concise,and illustrated guidelines for the synthetic chemist in search of inspiration through computations.

关键词： chemistry reactivity isomers

Torque production mechanism of switched reluctance machines with field modulation principle

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中国科学:技术科学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 2743-2754页

作者： SUN YuHua ZHAO WenXiang JI JingHua LING ZhiJian CHEN YiFan bianchi Nicola School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy

This paper aims to investigate the torque production mechanism and its improvement design in switched reluctance machines(SRMs) based on field modulation principle. Firstly, the analytical expressions of the air-gap magnetic field are derived from the perspective of DC-and AC-components, respectively. Meanwhile, different slot/pole combinations and winding arrangements are considered. Secondly, the torque productions are analyzed and evaluated with emphasis on the interaction between the DCand AC-components of air-gap fields. Thirdly, the 12-slot/8-pole and 12-slot/10-pole SRMs are established and studied by using the finite-element method. The effects of slot/pole combination and winding arrangement on the average torque production are clarified. Then, two new designs to improve the average torque are proposed. Finally, the prototype of the 12-slot/10-pole SRM is manufactured, and the experiments are carried out for validation.

关键词： switched reluctance machine(SRM) slot/pole combination winding arrangement torque field modulation principle

Mepolizumab induced palmoplantar psoriasis:A case report

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世界临床病例杂志 2023年第26期11卷 6154-6158页

作者： Fabio Artosi Laura Diluvio Martina Vultaggio Elena Campione Luca bianchi Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome“Tor Vergata”Rome 00133Italy Department of Dermatology Dermatology UnitPoliclinico Tor VergataRome 00133Italy Department of Dermatology University Roma Tor VergataRome 00133Italy

BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis and asthma are two diseases whose pathogenesis is largely attributable to the activation,at least in the initial stages,of T helper(Th)-2 Lymphocytes,the related cytokine axis,and B lymphocytes with antibody production.Psoriasis is conversely a pathology resulting from a recruitment of Th-17 and Th-1 lymphocytes,after an initial role of innate immunity.Mepolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin(IL)-5,a central cytokine in the Th-2 axis,therefore involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.Several authors have described the appearance of psoriatic lesions in patients with asthma or atopic dermatitis following the therapy with dupilumab,a monoclonal antibody that blocks the interleukin(IL)-4,another Th-2 cytokine.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 59-year-old patient who developed psoriasiform lesions on the palms after mepolizumab therapy for asthma,for the activation of the parallel cytokine cascade after the blockade of IL-5.We successfully treated the patient with a topical calcipotriol and betamethasone ointment.CONCLUSION We should investigate with further attention the possible impact on the human immunological ecosystem put in place by the inhibition of the activity of individual inflammatory mediators,so as to be able to recognize the initial adverse effects early.

关键词： Psoriasis Interleukin-5 Mepolizumab Asthma Immunology Case report

Liver involvement in the course of thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity:The first histological description

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第1期21卷 86-89页

作者： Fabrizio Citarella Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci Anna Crescenzi Antonella bianchi Vladimir Virzì Giuseppe Tonini Department of Medical Oncology Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medicovia Alvaro del PortilloRome 00128Italy Area of Internal Medicine Unit of HepatologyPoliclinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medicovia Alvaro del PortilloRome 00128Italy Unit of Pathology Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medicovia Alvaro del PortilloRome 00128Italy

To the Editor:Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity(TAMA)is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome described in patients with thymoma and characterized by multiorgan failure and graft-versus-host dis-ease(GVHD)like pathology affecting the skin,the gastrointestinal tract,and the liver.To date,only 21 cases are reported in liter-ature[1],with some patients presenting gastrointestinal and hep-atic manifestations,mainly colitis,diarrhea,and abnormal liver en-zymes,but the hepatic involvement has not been histologically characterized yet.

关键词： involvement gastrointestinal diarrhea

Therapeutic strategies in Crohn’s disease in an emergency surgical setting

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第18期28卷 1902-1921页

作者： Maria Michela Chiarello Gilda Pepe Valeria Fico Valentina bianchi Giuseppe Tropeano Gaia Altieri Giuseppe Brisinda Department of Surgery San Giovanni in Fiore HospitalAzienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CosenzaCosenza 87100Italy Emergency Surgery and Trauma Center Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Medical and Surgical Science UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy

Crohn’s disease(CD)remains a chronic,incurable disorder that presents unique challenges to the surgeon.Multiple factors must be considered to allow development of an appropriate treatment plan.Medical therapy often precedes or complements the surgical management.The indications for operative management of CD include acute and chronic disease complications and failed medical therapy.Elective surgery comes into play when patients are refractory to medical treatment if they have an obstructive phenotype.Toxic colitis,acute obstruction,perforation,acute abscess,or massive hemorrhage represent indications for emergency surgery.These patients are generally in critical conditions and present with intra-abdominal sepsis and a preoperative status of immunosuppression and malnutrition that exposes them to a higher risk of complications and mortality.A multidisciplinary team including surgeons,gastroenterologists,radiologists,nutritional support services,and enterostomal therapists are required for optimal patient care and decision making.Management of each emergency should be individualized based on patient age,disease type and duration,and patient goals of care.Moreover,the recurrent nature of disease mandates that we continue searching for innovative medical therapies and operative techniques that reduce the need to repeat surgical operations.In this review,we aimed to discuss the acute complications of CD and their treatment.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Intestinal obstruction Free perforation Intra-abdominal sepsis Perineal sepsis Acute bleeding