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Self-reported physical functioning,cardiometabolic health conditions, and healthcare utilization patterns in Million Veteran Program enrollees with Traumatic Brain Injury Screening and Evaluation Program data

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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 587-598页

作者： Alexandra L.Clark Makenna B.McGill Erin D.ozturk David M.Schnyer Catherine Chanfreau‑Cofnier victoria C.Merritt Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System(VASDHS)San DiegoCA92161USA Department of Psychology The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA San Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan Diego Joint Doctoral Program San DiegoCA 92120USA va Informaticsand Computing Infrastructure(VINCI) VA Salt Lake City Health Care SystemSalt Lake CityUT 84148USA Department of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 29093USA Center of Excel‑lence for Stress and Mental Health VASDHSSan Diego 92161USA

Background Examining the health outcomes of veterans who have completed the United States Veterans Health Administration’s(VHA’s)Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)Screening and Evaluation Program may aid in the refinement and improvement of clinical care initiatives within the *** study compared self-reported physical functioning,cardiometabolic health conditions,and health care utilization patterns in Million Veteran Program enrollees with TBI Screening and Evaluation Program data(collected between 2007 and 2019),with the goal of enhancing understanding of potentially modifiable health conditions in this *** In this observational cohort study,veterans(n=16,452)were grouped based on the diagnostic outcome of the TBI Screening and Evaluation Program:1)negative TBI screen(Screen^(-));2)positive TBI screen but no confirmed TBI diagnosis[Screen^(+)/Comprehensive TBI Evaluation(CTBIE)^(-)];or 3)positive TBI screen and confirmed TBI diagnosis(Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(+)).Chi-square tests and analysis of covariance were used to explore group differences in physical functioning,cardiometabolic health conditions,and health care utilization patterns,and logistic regressions were used to examine predictors of Screen^(+/-)and CTBIE^(+/-)group *** The results showed that veterans in the Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(-)and Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(+)groups generally reported poorer levels of physical functioning(P’so 0.03),higher rates of cardiometabolic health conditions(P’so 0.52),and increased health care utilization(P’so>0.5)compared with the Screen-group;however,health outcomes were generally comparable between the Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(-)and Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(+)***-up analyses confirmed that while physical functioning,hypertension,stroke,healthcare utilization,and prescription medication use reliably distinguished between the Screen-and Screen^(+)groups(P’soR’s 0.78 to 3.38),only physical functioning distinguished bet

关键词： Traumatic brain injury(TBI)screen Comprehensive TBI Evaluation(CTBIE) Health outcomes Cardiometabolichealth Veterans Million Veteran Program(MVP)

Generation of nanomaterials by reactive laser-synthesis in liquid

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 3-47页

作者： Laysa M.Frias Batista Ashish Nag victoria K.Meader Katharine Moore Tibbetts Department of Chemistry Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond VA 23284USA

Nanomaterials with tailored structures and surface chemistry are in high demand, as these materials play increasingly important roles in biology, catalysis, energy storage, and manufacturing. Their heightened demand has attracted attention towards the development of synthesis routes, particularly, laser-synthesis techniques. These efforts drove the refinement of laser ablation in liquid(LAL) and related methods over the past two decades and have led to the emergence of reactive laser-synthesis techniques that exploit these methods’ characteristic, non-equilibrium conditions. Reactive laser-synthesis approaches foster unique chemical reactions that enable the formation of composite products like multimetallic nanoparticles, supported nanostructures, and complex minerals. This review will examine emerging reactive laser-synthesis methods in the context of established methods like *** focus will be on the chemical reactions initiated within the laser plasma, with the goal of understanding how these reactions lead to the formation of unique nanomaterials. We will provide the first systematic review of laser reaction in liquid(LRL) in the literature, and bring a focus to the chemical reaction mechanisms in LAL and reactive-LAL techniques that have not yet been emphasized in reviews. Discussion of the current challenges and future investigative opportunities into reactive laser-synthesis will impart guidance for researchers interested in designing reactive laser-synthesis approaches to novel nanomaterial production.

关键词： laser ablation in liquids laser reduction in liquids nanoparticles

Unlocking antitumor immunity with adenosine receptorblockers

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第4期6卷 748-767页

作者： victoria A.Remley Joel Linden Todd W.Bauer Julien Dimastromatteo Department of Surgery University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22903USA Adovate CharlottesvilleVA 22901USA University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center CharlottesvilleVA 22903USA

Tumors survive by creating a tumor microenvironment(TME)that suppresses antitumor *** TME suppresses the immune system by limiting antigen presentation,inhibiting lymphocyte and natural killer(NK)cell activation,and facilitating T cell *** inhibitors like anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 are immunostimulatory antibodies,and their blockade extends the survival of some but not all cancer *** adenosine triphosphate(ATP)is abundant in inflamed tumors,and its metabolite,adenosine(ADo),is a driver of immunosuppression mediated by adenosine A2A receptors(A2AR)and adenosine A2B receptors(A2BR)found on tumor-associated lymphoid and myeloid *** review will focus on adenosine as a key checkpoint inhibitor-like immunosuppressive player in the TME and how reducing adenosine production or blocking A2AR and A2BR enhances antitumor immunity.

关键词： Immunotherapy adenosine adenosine receptors adenosine A2A receptors(A2AR) adenosine A2B receptors(A2BR) tumor cells immune cells tumor microenvironment

Interaction between climatic, environmental, and demographic factors on cholera outbreaks in Kenya

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 338-346页

作者： James D Stoltzfus Jane Y Carter Muge Akpinar-Elci Martin Matu victoria Kimotho Mark J Giganti Daniel Langat omur Cinar Elci School of Medicine Department of Public Health and Preventive MedicineSt.George’s University(SGU)West IndiesGrenada African Medical and Research Foundation(AMREF) NairobiKenya. Center for Global Health College of Health SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA

Background:Cholera remains an important public health concern in developing countries including Kenya where 11,769 cases and 274 deaths were reported in 2009 according to the World Health organization(WHo).This ecological study investigates the impact of various climatic,environmental,and demographic variables on the spatial distribution of cholera cases in ***:District-level data was gathered from Kenya’s Division of Disease Surveillance and Response,the Meteorological Department,and the National Bureau of *** data included the entire population of Kenya from 1999 to ***:Multivariate analyses showed that districts had an increased risk of cholera outbreaks when a greater proportion of the population lived more than five kilometers from a health facility(RR:1.025 per 1%increase;95%CI:1.010,1.039),bordered a body of water(RR:5.5;95%CI:2.472,12.404),experienced increased rainfall from october to December(RR:1.003 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:1.001,1.005),and experienced decreased rainfall from April to June(RR:0.996 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:0.992,0.999).There was no detectable association between cholera and population density,poverty,availability of piped water,waste disposal methods,rainfall from January to March,or rainfall from July to ***:Bordering a large body of water,lack of health facilities nearby,and changes in rainfall were significantly associated with an increased risk of cholera in Kenya.

关键词： Cholera Education Health infrastructure Population density Poverty Rainfall Waste disposal Water supply

尼日利亚儿童眼部生物测量和中央角膜厚度分析

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国际眼科杂志 2021年第4期21卷 567-572页

作者： Michaeline Asuquo Isawumi Bolanle victoria.olomola Adedolapo olaopa osun州立大学健康科学院眼科手术中心尼日利亚奥绍博360104 LAUTECH教学医院眼科尼日利亚奥绍博360104

目的:评估尼日利亚儿童眼部生物特征测量和中央角膜厚度(CCT),建立参考数据库。方法:对2017-11/2018-01在我院招募的儿童进行横断面观察。采用LogMAR图表和Lea图表对不同年龄组患者的社会人口学资料、视力(va)进行评估。对8岁及以下儿... 详细信息

目的:评估尼日利亚儿童眼部生物特征测量和中央角膜厚度(CCT),建立参考数据库。方法:对2017-11/2018-01在我院招募的儿童进行横断面观察。采用LogMAR图表和Lea图表对不同年龄组患者的社会人口学资料、视力(va)进行评估。对8岁及以下儿童进行麻醉检查(EUA),行瞳孔扩张前后节段检查,使用卡尺测量角膜直径(CD)。采用手持式眼压计测量眼内压(IoP),用超声角膜厚度仪测量中央角膜厚度和眼轴长度(AL)。临床检查后进行睫状肌麻痹性屈光检查。采用SPSS version 17对数据进行输入和分析,通过描述性统计得出结果,完成频率和变量交叉表(Pva(LogMAR)为0.45±0.46和0.45±0.44。右、左眼角膜水平直径(HCD)平均值分别为10.5±1.6、10.37±1.45 mm。右、左眼角膜垂直直径(VCD)分别为9.7±1.2 mm和9.7±1.3 mm。右、左眼平均CCT分别为556.71±2.61μm和556.47±45.53μm。近视[23例(34.8%)],近视散光[18例(27.3%)],单纯性散光[16例(24.2%)]是最常见的屈光不正类型。CCT和HCD(P=0.739)、va(P=0.058)和屈光不正(P=0.199)之间无显著相关性。但CCT与年龄组有轻度显著相关(P=0.055)。结论:尼日利亚儿童的CCT、IoP和CD的平均值首次为人所知。CCT与va、CD与屈光不正之间无显著相关性,需要进一步的研究来确定结果。

关键词：非洲中央角膜厚度尼日利亚眼部生物测量儿科

Sports compression garments improve resting markers of venous return and muscle blood flow in male basketball players

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 513-522页

作者： Shane F.o'Riordan Rod McGregor Shona L.Halson David J.Bishop James R.Broatch Institute for Health and Sport(iHeS) Victoria UniversityFootscrayVIC 3011Australia Department of Physiology Australian Institute of SportBruceACT 2617Australia Faculty of Health University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Australian Catholic UniversityBanyoQLD 4014Australia

Background:The benefits associated with sports compression garments are thought to be closely related to enhanced blood ***,findings are equivocal,possibly due to heterogeneity in the techniques used for measuring blood flow,the garment types used,and the pressures *** study combined Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy technologies to provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of 3 sports compression garment types on markers of venous return and muscle blood flow at ***:Resting lower-limb blood flow measures(markers of venous return,muscle blood flow,and muscle oxygenation)of 22 elite,junior,male basketball players(age=17.2±0.9 years,mean±SD)were assessed in 4 separate conditions:no compression(CoN),compression tights(TIGHTS),compression shorts(SHoRTS),and compression socks(SoCKS).Markers of venous return(cross-sectional area,time-averaged mean and peak blood flow velocity,and venous blood flow)were measured via Doppler ultrasound at the popliteal and common femoral *** blood flow and muscle oxygenation were measured in the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis using near-infrared ***:Popliteal markers of venous return were higher in TIGHTS compared to CoN(poRTS(poCKS values higher compared with CoN(pommon femoral vein markers of venous return were higher for all conditions compared to CoN(pvalues also higher compared to SoCKS(pocnemius medialis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CoN(p=0.000),SoCKS(p=0.012),and SHoRTS(p=0.000),with SoCKS higher compared to SHoRTS(p=0.046).vastus lateralis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CoN(p=0.028)and SoCKS(p=0.019),with SHoRTS also higher compared to CoN(p=0.012)and SoCKS(p=0.005).Gastrocnemius medialis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CoN(p=0.003),SoCKS(p=0.033),and SHoRTS(p=0.003),with SoCKS higher compared to CoN(p=0.044)and SHoRTS(p=0.032).va

关键词： Arterial perfusion Lower-limb compression Pressure Venous flow

Total Hadronic Cross Sections

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第9期 537-540页

作者： K.A.olive K.Agashe C.Amsler M.Antonelli J.-F.Arguin D.M.Asner H.Baer H.R.Band R.M.Barnett T.Basaglia C.W.Bauer J.J.Beatty V.I.Belousov J.Beringer G.Bernardi S.Bethke H.Bichsel o.Biebe E.Blucher S.Blusk G.Brooijmans o.Buchmueller University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy 116 Church St.S.E. Minneapolis MN 55455 USA University of Maryland Department of Physics College Park MD 20742-4111 USA Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics Universitat Bern CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Lab.Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN CP 13 via E.Fermi 40 I-00044 Frascati(Roma) Italy Departement de physique Universite de Montreal C.P.6128 succ.centre-ville Montreal(Quebec) H3C 3J7 Canada Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99352 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of oklahoma Norman oK 73019 USA Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA CERN European organization for Nuclear Research CH-1211 Geneve 23 Switzerland Department of Physics The ohio State University 191 W.Woodruff Ave. Columbus oH 43210 CoMPAS Group Institute for High Energy Physics RU- 142284 Protvino Russia LPNHE IN2P3-CNRS et Universites de Paris 6 et 7 F-75252 Paris France Max-Planck-Institute of Physics 80805 Munich Germany Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Fakultdt für Physik Schellingstr.4 D-80799 München Germany Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637-1433 USA Department of Physics Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13244 USA Department of Physics Columbia University 538 W.120th Street New York NY 10027 USA High Energy Physics Group Blackett Laboratory Imperial College Prince Consort Road London SW7 2AZ UK Jefferson Lab 12000 Jefferson Ave. Newport News va 23606 USA Department of Physics University of Virginia Po Box 400714 Charlottesville va 22904 USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P.o.Box 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637-1433 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sussex Falmer Brighton BN1 9QH UK Department o

(Updated September 2013,CoMPAS group,fflEP,Protvino)This updated version of the total hadronic cross sections review is based on the first half of 2013 update of the database for total cross section and the ratio of the real-to-imaginary parts of the forward elastic scattering hadronic *** data on total pp coUisions cross sections from CERN-LHC-ToTEM[1]and new data from cosmic rays experiment PAo[2]were *** use a procedure for ranking models as described in[3]to identify the safest parameterizations for ***,the models giving the best fit of accelerator data also reproduce the experimental cosmic ray nucleon-nucleon data extracted from nucleon-air data with no

关键词： Total Hadronic Cross Sections data

High-energy collider parameters

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第9期 392-396页

作者： K.A.olive K.Agashe C.Amsler M.Antonelli J.-F.Arguin D.M.Asner H.Baer H.R.Band R.M.Barnett T.Basaglia C.W.Bauer J.J.Beatty V.I.Belousov J.Beringer G.Bernardi S.Bethke H.Bichsel o.Biebe E.Blucher S.Blusk G.Brooijmans o.Buchmueller University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy 116 Church St.S.E. Minneapolis MN 55455 USA University of Maryland Department of Physics College Park MD 20742-4111 USA Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics Universitat Bern CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Lab.Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN CP 13 via E.Fermi 40 I-00044 Frascati(Roma) Italy Departement de physique Universite de Montreal C.P.6128 succ.centre-ville Montreal(Quebec) H3C 3J7 Canada Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99352 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of oklahoma Norman oK 73019 USA Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA CERN European organization for Nuclear Research CH-1211 Geneve 23 Switzerland Department of Physics The ohio State University 191 W.Woodruff Ave. Columbus oH 43210 CoMPAS Group Institute for High Energy Physics RU- 142284 Protvino Russia LPNHE IN2P3-CNRS et Universites de Paris 6 et 7 F-75252 Paris France Max-Planck-Institute of Physics 80805 Munich Germany Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Fakultdt für Physik Schellingstr.4 D-80799 München Germany Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637-1433 USA Department of Physics Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13244 USA Department of Physics Columbia University 538 W.120th Street New York NY 10027 USA High Energy Physics Group Blackett Laboratory Imperial College Prince Consort Road London SW7 2AZ UK Jefferson Lab 12000 Jefferson Ave. Newport News va 23606 USA Department of Physics University of Virginia Po Box 400714 Charlottesville va 22904 USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P.o.Box 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637-1433 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sussex Falmer Brighton BN1 9QH UK Department o

HIGH-ENERGY CoLLIDER PARAMETERS:e+e-Colliders（I）Updated in September 2013 with numbers received from representatives of the colliders（contact ***,LBNL）.The table shows parameter values as achieved by July 1,*** are,where appropriate,r.m.s.;unless noted otherwise,energies refer to beam energy;H and V indicate horizontal and vertical directions;*** for *** for the defunct SPEAR,DoRIS,PETRA,PEP,TRISTAN,and VEPP-2M colliders may be found in our 1996 edition（***.D54,1 July 1996,Part I）.

关键词： LHC Pb High-energy collider parameters length CERN BEPC high MHz exp cell KEK

REVIEW oF PARTICLE PHYSICS

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第9期38卷 1-4页

作者： K.A.olive K.Agashe C.Amsler M.Antonelli J.-F.Arguin D.M.Asner H.Baer H.R.Band R.M.Barnett T.Basaglia C.W.Bauer J.J.Beatty V.I.Belousov J.Beringer G.Bernardi S.Bethke H.Bichsel o.Biebe E.Blucher S.Blusk G.Brooijmans o.Buchmueller V.Burkert M.A.Bychkov R.N.Cahn M.Carena A.Ceccucci A.Cerr D.Chakraborty M.-C.Chen R.S.Chivukula K.Copic G.Cowan o.Dahl G.D'Ambrosio T.Damour D.de Florian A.de Gouvea T.DeGrand P.de Jong G.Dissertor B.A.Dobrescu M.Doser M.Drees H.K.Dreiner D.A.Edwards S.Eidelman J.Erler V.V.Ezhela W.Fetscher B.D.Fields B.Foster A.Freitas T.K.Gaisser H.Gallagher L.Garren H.-J.Gerber G.Gerbier T.Gershon T.Gherghetta S.Golwala M.Goodman C.Grab A.V.Gritsan C.Grojean D.E.Groom M.Grnewald A.Gurtu T.Gutsche H.E.Haber K.Hagiwara C.Hanhart S.Hashimoto Y.Hayato K.G.Hayes M.Heffner B.Heltsley J.J.Hernandez-Rey K.Hikasa A.Hocker J.Holder A.Holtkamp J.Huston J.D.Jackson K.F.Johnson T.Junk M.Kado D.Karlen U.F.Katz S.R.Klein E.Klempt R.V.Kowalewski F.Krauss M.Kreps B.Krusche Yu.V.Kuyanov Y.Kwon o.Lahav J.Laiho P.Langacker A.Liddle Z.Ligeti C.-J.Lin T.M.Liss L.Littenberg K.S.Lugovsky S.B.Lugovsky F.Maltoni T.Mannel A.V.Manohar W.J.Marciano A.D.Martin A.Masoni J.Matthews D.Milstead P.Molaro K.Monig F.Moortgat M.J.Mortonson H.Murayama K.Nakamura M.Narain P.Nason S.Navas M.Neubert P.Nevski Y.Nir L.Pape J.Parsons C.Patrignani J.A.Peacock M.Pennington S.T.Petcov Kavli IPMU A.Piepke A.Pomarol A.Quadt S.Raby J.Rademacker G.Raffel B.N.Ratcliff P.Richardson A.Ringwald S.Roesler S.Rolli A.Romaniouk L.J.Rosenberg J L.Rosner G.Rybka C.T.Sachrajda Y.Sakai G.P.Salam S.Sarkar F.Sauli o.Schneider K.Scholberg D.Scott V.Sharma S.R.Sharpe M.Silari T.Sjostrand P.Skands J.G.Smith G.F.Smoot S.Spanier H.Spieler C.Spiering A.Stahl T.Stanev S.L.Stone T.Sumiyoshi M.J.Syphers F.Takahashi M.Tanabashi J.Terning L.Tiator M.Titov N.P.Tkachenko N.A.Tornqvist D.Tovey G.valencia G.Venanzoni M.G.Vincter P.Vogel A.Vogt S.P.Wakely W.Walkowiak C.W.Walter D.R.Ward G.Weiglein D.H.Weinberg E.J.Weinberg M.White L.R.Wiencke C.G.Wohl L.Wolfenstein J.Womersley C.L. University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy116 Church St.S.E.MinneapolisMN 55455USA University of Maryland Department of PhysicsCollege ParkMD 20742-4111USA Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics Universitat BernCH-3012 BernSwitzerland Lab.Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN CP 13via E.Fermi40I-00044 Frascati(Roma)Italy Departement de physique Universite de MontrealC.P.6128succ.centre-villeMontreal(Quebec) H3C 3J7Canada Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99352USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Department of Physics University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA CERN European Organization for Nuclear ResearchCH-1211 Geneve 23Switzerland Department of Physics The Ohio State University191 W.Woodruff Ave.ColumbusOH 43210 CoMPAS Group Institute for High Energy PhysicsRU- 142284ProtvinoRussia LPNHE IN2P3-CNRS et Universites de Paris 6 et 7F-75252 ParisFrance Max-Planck-Institute of Physics 80805 MunichGermany Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Fakultdt für PhysikSchellingstr.4D-80799 MünchenGermany Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637-1433USA Department of Physics Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Department of Physics Columbia University538 W.120th StreetNew YorkNY10027 USA High Energy Physics Group Blackett LaboratoryImperial CollegePrince Consort RoadLondon SW7 2AZUK Jefferson Lab 12000 Jefferson Ave.Newport NewsVA 23606USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaPO Box 400714CharlottesvilleVA 22904USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P.O.Box 500BataviaIL 60510USA Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637-1433USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SussexFalmerBrighton BN1 9QHUK Department o

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.

关键词： REVIEW oF PARTICLE PHYSICS