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Identification of new genetic risk factors for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 49-55页

作者： michelle Guy Zsofia Kote-Jarai Graham G. Giles Ali Amin Al Olama Sarah K. Jugurnauth Shani mulholland Daniel A. Leongamomlert Stephen m. Edwards Jonathan morrison Helen I. Field melissa C. Southey Gianluca Severi Jenny L. Donovan Freddie C. Hamdy David R Dearnaley Kenneth R. muir Charmaine Smith melisa Bagnato Audrey T. Ardern-Jones Amanda L. Hall Lynne T. O＇Brien Beatrice N. Gehr-Swain Rosemary A. Wilkinson Angela Cox Sarah Lewis Paul m. Brown Sameer G. Jhavar malgorzata Tymrakiewicz Artitaya Lophatananon Sarah L. Bryant The UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators British Association of Urological Surgeons＇ Section of Oncology and The UK ProtecT Study Collaborators Alan Horwich Robert A. Huddart Vincent S. Khoo Christopher C. Parker Christopher J. Woodhouse Alan Thompson Tim Christmas Chris Ogden Cyril Fisher Charles Jameson Colin S. Cooper Dallas R. English John L. Hopper David E. Neal Douglas E Easton Rosalind A. Eeles Section of Cancer Genetics The Institute of Cancer Research Sutton Surrey SM2 5NG UK Cancer Epidemiology Centre The Cancer Council Victoria Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Centre for molecular Environmental Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology The University of Melbourne Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK Department of Oncology University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3052 Australia Department of Social medicine University of Bristol Bristol BS8 2PR UK Academic Urology Unit University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2JF UK The Royal marsden NHS Foundation Trust Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT and London SW3 6JJ UK University of Nottingham medical School Queens Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK Institute for Cancer Studies University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2RX UK Surgical Oncology （Uro-Oncology S4） Departments of Oncology and Surgery University of Cambridge Addenbrooke＇s Hospital Cambridge CB2 2QQ UK A full list of authors is provided in the Supplementary Note online Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK.

There is evidence that a substantial part of genetic predisposition to prostate cancer （PCa） may be due to lower penetrance genes which are found by genome-wide association studies. We have recently conducted such a study and seven new regions of the genome linked to PCa risk have been identified. Three of these loci contain candidate susceptibility genes： mSmB, LmTK2 and KLK2/3. The mSmB and KLK2/3 genes may be useful for PCa screening, and the LmTK2 gene might provide a potential therapeutic target. Together with results from other groups, there are now 23 germline genetic variants which have been reported. These results have the potential to be developed into a genetic test. However, we consider that marketing of tests to the public is premature, as PCa risk can not be evaluated fully at this stage and the appropriate screening protocols need to be developed. Follow-up validation studies, as well as studies to explore the psychological implications of genetic profile testing, will be vital prior to roll out into healthcare.

关键词： prostate cancer genetics susceptibility loci SNPs relative risks

An update on the influence of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change on tropical cyclones

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第3期12卷 216-239页

作者： Suzana J.Camargo Hiroyuki murakami Nadia Bloemendaal Savin S.Chand medha S.Deshpande Christian Dominguez-Sarmiento Juan Jesús Gonz´alez-Alem´an Thomas R.Knutson I.-I.Lin Il-Ju moon Christina m.Patricola Kevin A.Reed malcolm J.Roberts Enrico Scoccimarro Chi Yung(Francis)Tam Elizabeth J.Wallace Liguang Wu Yohei Yamada Wei Zhang Haikun Zhao Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory PrincetonNJUSA University Corporation for Atmospheric Research BoulderCOUSA Vrije University Amsterdam AmsterdamNetherlands Federation University Australia BallaratVictoriaAustralia Indian Institute of Tropical meteorology Ministry of Earth SciencesPuneIndia Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmosfera y Cambio Clim´atico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(UNAM)Mexico CityMexico Spanish State meteorological Agency(AEmet) MadridSpain National Taiwan University TaiwanChina Jeju National University JejuRepublic of Korea Iowa State University AmesIAUSA Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA met Office ExeterUnited Kingdom Fondazione Centro Euro-mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici BolognaItaly The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong KongChina Old Dominion University NorfolkVAUSA Fudan University ShanghaiChina Japan Agency for marine-Earth Science and Technology YokohamaJapan Utah State University LoganUTUSA Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology NanjingChina

A substantial number of studies have been published since the Ninth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-9)in 2018,improving our understanding of the effect of climate change on tropical cyclones(TCs)and associated hazards and *** studies have reinforced the robustness of increases in TC intensity and associated TC hazards and risks due to anthropogenic climate *** modeling and observational studies suggested the potential influence of anthropogenic climate forcings,including greenhouse gases and aerosols,on global and regional TC activity at the decadal and century time ***,there are still substantial uncertainties owing to model uncertainty in simulating historical TC decadal variability in the Atlantic,and the limitations of observed TC *** projected future change in the global number of TCs has become more uncertain since IWTC-9 due to projected increases in TC frequency by a few climate models.A new paradigm,TC seeds,has been proposed,and there is currently a debate on whether seeds can help explain the physical mechanism behind the projected changes in global TC *** studies also highlighted the importance of large-scale environmental fields on TC activity,such as snow cover and air-sea *** projections on TC translation speed and medicanes are new additional focus topics in our *** and future research are proposed relevant to the remaining scientific questions and assisting policymakers.

关键词： tropical climate variability

4cm Z轴与16cm Z轴覆盖范围的多层螺旋CT灌注对比研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2010年第4期 407-407页

作者： m.Page D.Nandurkar m.P.Crossett S.L.Stuckey K.P.Lau N.Kenning 赵芳 Department of Diagnostic Imaging Southern Health NetworkMonash Medical Centre246 Clayton RdClayton3168VictoriaAustralia

目的对比研究4cm Z轴与16cm Z轴覆盖范围的320层多层螺旋CT(mDCT)颅脑CT灌注成像(CTP)。方法回顾性非随机研究2008年9月-2009年1月间,320层mDCT所行CTP检查。由2名有经

关键词：对比研究 CT cm 覆盖范围多层螺旋

最小范围皮肤切除的选择性汗腺切除术治疗腋汗症:15例患者的临床与组织学回顾性分析

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 36-36页

作者： Lawrence C.m Lonsdale Eccles A.A. 朱国兴 Department of Dermatology Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP United Kingdom

Background: Limited axillary skin excision and selective sweat gland removal from adjacent skin (Shelley’ s procedure) is currently rarely used for hyperhidrosis. Objectives: To determine whether this technique is a good way of permanently reducing axillary sweating. methods: This was a prospective, open, nonrandomized trial of the therapy, conducted in a university dermatology department. A small skin ellipse, parallel to the skin crease lines, was excised from the centre of the area of maximal sweating. The wound edges were undermined to the extent of maximal sweating and the skin reflected. Large visible sweat glands attached to the undersurface of the adjacent skin could be readily identified and were snipped off using scissors. We treated 15 axillae in eight patients with axillary hyperhidrosis. Sweat reduction was assessed by the patients who estimated the percentage reduction in sweating postoperatively. The scar appearance was graded by the surgeon. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained transverse sections of eight axillary skin ellipses from five subjects were examined histologically to establish the size, position and depth of the sweat gland tissue. Results: All of the patients responded to treatment: mean sweat reduction was 65% (range 40- 90% ). mean follow up was 1.3 years (range 0.1- 6) and sweat reduction was maintained over this period. Histological material was available from five patients: sweat glands lay slightly deeper than hair follicles; glandular tissue occupied an average thickness of 3.5 mm in the 5- mm thick piece of skin. Apocrine gland lobules were more numerous and larger than eccrine gland lobules. Both gland types were in close apposition and did not occupy distinctly different depths within the skin. Conclusions: Local surgery using limited axillary skin excision and selective sweat gland removal remains one of the safest ways of permanently reducing axillary sweating.

关键词：治疗性试验组织学分析皮肤切除腺切除术腋汗症回顾性分析小范围临床

Oceans and COVID-19:Perspectives,Reflections,Recovery and Regulatory Frameworks

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Sustainable marine Structures 2020年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Saleem mustafa John Hill Rossita Shapawi Sitti Raehanah m.Shaleh Abentin Estim Zarinah Waheed madihah Jafar Sidik Chen Cheng Ann Lim Leong Seng Borneo marine Research Institute Universiti Malaysia Sabah88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia La Trobe University MelbourneVictoria3086Australia

COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented public health crisis,taken about 1.4 million lives so far,infected almost 70 million people around the world,battered the global economy and paralyzed the normal *** situation is evolving so rapidly that the data on numbers of infections and deaths are changing daily and the economic impacts are difficult to evaluate at this stage and probably will not be exactly known in the near *** is important to determine the genesis of the outbreak to understand the root causes of COVID-19 and to prevent such pandemics from occurring in the *** is believed that the virus originated in a seafood market in Wuhan(China)that was also trading in wildlife for human *** practices are associated with the habitat degradation and biodiversity loss,leading to an imbalance of the natural *** zoonotic spillover of this infectious outbreak is a reflection of the impairment of natural *** and anecdotal evidences demonstrate the significance of marine critical habitats in combating and containing human *** are many other ways in which the oceans can help in human *** addition to providing an analysis of the COVID-19 outbreak,this paper also suggests knowledge-based and informed measures that need to be applied to prevent a repeat of such catastrophic events while highlighting the role of oceans in this *** and strategies for recovering the global economy and ensuring its resilience will require incorporating nature-based solutions and ecosystem *** sustainability of the ocean is a key consideration in the development of a framework for post-COVID-19 recovery and this aspect is the major focus of this paper.

关键词： Ocean solutions pandemic Natural capital Coastal architecture

与气候变化相关的北极淡水生态系统的一般特征

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AmBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 330-338页

作者： Terry D.Prowse Frederick J.Wrona James D.Reist John E.Hobbie Lucie m.J.Lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 林宝法 Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Water Science and Technology Directoratec/o Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent marine Biological Laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'éudes nordiques Université Laval

在北极附近存在的两大类淡水生态系统,即:激流(流水;如:河流、溪流、三角洲及河口)和死水(静水;如湖泊、池塘及湿地)生态系统,它们在大小、丰度及生物群方面存在着巨大的差异。北极的气候,其许多的组分沿纬度梯度呈现出强烈的变化,直接... 详细信息

在北极附近存在的两大类淡水生态系统,即:激流(流水;如:河流、溪流、三角洲及河口)和死水(静水;如湖泊、池塘及湿地)生态系统,它们在大小、丰度及生物群方面存在着巨大的差异。北极的气候,其许多的组分沿纬度梯度呈现出强烈的变化,直接影响这些水生系统中的各种物理、化学及生物学过程。此外,北极气候通过控制陆地水文系统和过程,特别是那些与诸如永久冻土、淡水冰和雪聚积/融化等低温层组分有关的,而产生其它间接的生态影响。北极淡水系统的生态结构和功能也受外部过程和条件的控制,特别是在主要北极河流源头和毗邻海洋环境中的那些。物理、化学及生物组分穿过互连的死水和激流淡水生态系统的运动是北极淡水生态的主要决定因素。

关键词：淡水生态系统气候变化北极特征生物组分生物学过程纬度梯度水生系统

气候变化对水生生物区系,生态系统结构和功能的影响

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AmBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 358-366页

作者： Frederick J.Wrona Terry D.Prowse James D.Reist John E.Hobbie Lucie m.J.Lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 梁虹 National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Water Science and Technology Directoratec/o Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent marine Biological Laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'eudes nordiques Université Laval

气候变化将引起水生生物地球化学过程(包括碳动力变化)、水生食物网结构、动态和生物多样性以及初级和次级生产力的显著变化,影响水生哺乳动物和水禽的分布范围、分布型、栖息地质量和数量。未来永久冻土融化的增加将使营养物、沉积物... 详细信息

气候变化将引起水生生物地球化学过程(包括碳动力变化)、水生食物网结构、动态和生物多样性以及初级和次级生产力的显著变化,影响水生哺乳动物和水禽的分布范围、分布型、栖息地质量和数量。未来永久冻土融化的增加将使营养物、沉积物和水生系统的碳负荷增加,对淡水的化学成分产生正负作用。营养物和碳富集将促进营养物循环和生产力提高,改变含碳痕量气体的形成和消耗。因此,作为碳汇或源的水生生态系统的状态将发生改变。气候变化对北极大部分地区淡水生态系统的生物多样性也具有显著影响,影响和响应的大小、程度和持续时间将随系统和位点而异。对水生哺乳动物和水禽的影响包括迁徙路径和时间改变,由于疾病和寄生虫感染而可能使死亡率升高、生长和生产力下降,以及或许发生栖息地适合性和可获得时间变化。

关键词：水生哺乳动物生态系统结构气候变化生物区系生物地球化学过程淡水生态系统次级生产力生物多样性

珠江河口区翡翠贻贝中有机氯农药和多氯联苯含量及分布

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环境科学学报 2001年第1期21卷 113-116页

作者：方展强张润兴黄铭洪华南师范大学生物系广州510631 香港城市大学生物及化学系香港浸会大学生物系

对分布于珠江河口区海域的翡翠贻贝有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量进行测定 ,结果显示 :HCHs为ND— 1.1ng·g-1,DDTs为 9.5— 191ng·g-1,PCBs为 82 .8— 6 15 .1ng·g-1.尖沙嘴码头 (维多利亚港 )贻贝积累的PCBs浓度最高 ,珠江河口桂山岛... 详细信息

对分布于珠江河口区海域的翡翠贻贝有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量进行测定 ,结果显示 :HCHs为ND— 1.1ng·g-1,DDTs为 9.5— 191ng·g-1,PCBs为 82 .8— 6 15 .1ng·g-1.尖沙嘴码头 (维多利亚港 )贻贝积累的PCBs浓度最高 ,珠江河口桂山岛和外伶仃岛的贻贝积累的DDTs和PCBs浓度较高 ,而荷包岛 (珠江河口西海区 )的贻贝则检出含量较高的HCHs和DDTs .贻贝选择性积累含 5— 6个氯原子数的PCB异构体 .

关键词：有机氯农药多氯联苯翡翠贻贝珠江河口区含量测定

皮肤恶性肿瘤的治疗:我们应依赖临床诊断至何种程度?

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 34-34页

作者： Brown S.J Lawrence C.m 李政霄 Department of Dermatology Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle-uponTyne United Kingdom [Dr.

Background: Cutaneous malignancy forms a major part of the dermatologist’ s workload. Clinical diagnosis is an important factor in facilitating the urgent excision of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and malignant melanomas. Objectives: To identify the numbers and types of malignant skin tumours managed in an NHS teaching hospital and to assess the diagnostic accuracy. methods: Data were collected on every histologically proven malignant skin lesion over a 6-month period. Results: One thousand one hundred and ninety-five malignant skin tumours were identified: 78% were basal cell carcinomas, 14% were SCC, 6% were malignant melanomas and the remaining 2% included merkel cell tumours, malignant adnexal tumours and lentigo maligna. Eighty-one per cent of the tumours were managed by dermatologists. The correct clinical diagnosis had been made by the secondary care clinician in 84% of cases but an incorrect clinical diagnosis was given in 32% of SCC. Of the 1195 tumours, 916 (77% ) had a primary excision and 92% (843 of 916) of these were completely excised. Conclusions: The majority of skin malignancies (968 of 1195, 81% ) were managed by dermatologists. Where primary excision was attempted, this was complete in 91% (767 of 916) of cases. The correct clinical diagnosis was made in 84% of all tumours, but 32% of SCC were not correctly diagnosed prior to surgery.

关键词：皮肤恶性肿瘤临床诊断治疗 merkel细胞癌恶性皮肤肿瘤皮肤科医师医师工作量恶性黑素瘤