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convergent plate boundary environments for formation of≥3800 Ma mafic-ultramafic assemblages(Isua area,Greenland):Implications for early global geodynamics

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 119-136页

作者： Allen P.Nutman clark R.L.Friend vickie c.bennett School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia Glendale TiddingtonOxon OX92LQUK Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia

In the gneiss terrane on the south side of the Eoarchean Isua supracrustal belt,ultramafic rocks with relict abyssal peridotite mineralogy(bennett et al.,2002;Friend et al.,2002;Nutman et al.,2007;Rollinson,2007;van de Löcht et al.,2020),layered gabbros with cumulate ultramafic rocks,basalts and associated siliceous sedimentary rocks were tectonically-imbricated,prior to and during intrusion of ca.3800 Ma *** with3800 Ma basalts in the Outer Arc Group of the nearby Isua supracrustal belt,the composition of all these mafic rocks(e.g.,Th-Hf-Nb systematics,high Th/Yb,Ba/Nb,Ba/Yb ratios and negative Nb and Ti anomalies)shows affinity with modern suprasubduction rocks whose genesis involved fluid fluxing of the upper ***,the majority of these samples have Ba/Nb and Ba/Yb values less than in modern island arc magmas,but similar to many backarc basin magmas(e.g.,Pearce and Stern,2006).It is unknown whether these ca.3800 Ma mafic rocks are,(i)arc rocks where the Ba/Nb and Ba/Yb signatures reflect lower surficial Ba in Eoarchean oceanic settings,or(ii)in direct comparison with Phanerozoic suites,these signatures reflect a back-arc setting with interplay between fluid fluxing and decompressional *** tectonic intercalation of upper mantle with lower and upper crustal rocks,combined with the fluid-fluxing influences seen in chemistry of all the mafic rocks is best accommodated in a compressional Eoarchean convergent plate boundary setting within a mobile-lid *** stagnant lid scenarios of crust formation,if operative,must have co-existed or alternated with mobile-lid regimes by 3800 Ma.

关键词： Eoarchean Fluid-fluxing Plate tectonics Suprasubduction crustal evolution

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Seeing through the magnetite:Reassessing Eoarchean atmosphere composition from Isua(Greenland) ≥3.7 Ga banded iron formations

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1233-1240页

作者： Allen P.Nutman vickie c.bennett clark R.L.Friend GeoQuEST Research centre School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 0200Australia Glendale TiddingtonOxonOX9 2LQUK

Estimates of early atmosphere compositions from metamorphosed banded iron formations(BIFs)including the well-studied ≥3.7 BIFs of the Isua supracrustal belt(Greenland)are dependent on knowledge of primary versus secondary Fe-mineralogical *** new observations from locally well preserved domains,we interpret that a previously assumed primary redox indicator mineral,magnetite,is secondary after sedimentary Fe-clays(probably greenalite)±*** ~3.7 Ga Isua BIF,pre-tectonic nodules of quartz+Fe-rich amphibole±calcite reside in a finegrained(≤100 μm)quartz+magnetite *** interpret the Isua nodule amphibole as the metamorphosed equivalent of primary Fe-rich clays,armoured from diagenetic oxidative reactions by early silica ***,in another low strain lacunae,~3.76 Ga BIF layering is not solid magnetite but instead fine-grained magnetite+quartz *** magnetite+quartz aggregates are interpreted as the metamorphosed equivalent of Fe-clay-rich layers that were oxidised during diagenesis,because they were not armoured by early *** almost all Isua BIF exposures,this evidence has been destroyed by strong ductile *** Fe-clays likely formed by abiotic reactions between aqueous Fe^(2+)and *** clays along with silica±carbonate were deposited below an oceanic Fe-chemocline as the sedimentary precursors of *** of the clays on the sea floor may have been by anaerobic oxidation of Fe^(2+),a mechanism compatible with iron isotopic data previously published on these *** new determinations of the primary redoxsensitive Fe-mineralogy of BIF significantly revise estimates of early Earth atmospheric oxygen and cO_2 content,with formation of protolith Fe-rich clays and carbonates compatible with an anoxic Eoarchean atmosphere with much higher cO_2 levels than previously estimated for Isua and in the present-day atmosphere.

关键词： Banded iron formation Eoarchean Early atmosphere Greenalite Magnetite

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The Pushtashan juvenile suprasubduction zone assemblage of Kurdistan (northeastern Iraq): A cretaceous (cenomanian) Neo-Tethys missing link

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 1073-1087页

作者： Sabah A.Ismail Sarmad A.Ali Allen P.Nutman vickie c.bennett Brain G.Jones Department of Applied Geology College of Sciences Kirkuk University Kirkuk 36001 Iraq GeoQuEST Research centre School of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University ACT 0200 Australia

The Pushtashan suprasubduction zone assemblage of volcanic rocks, gabbros, norites and peridotites occurs in the Zagros suture zone, Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq. Volcanic rocks are dominant in the assemblage and consist mainly of basalt and basaltic andesite flows with interlayered red shale and limestone horizons. Earlier lavas tend to be MORB-like, whereas later lavas display island arc tholeiite to boninitic geochemical characteristics. Tholeiitic gabbros intrude the norites and display fractionation trends typical of crystallisation under low-pressure conditions, whereas the norites display calc-alkaline traits, suggesting their source included mantle metasomatised by fluids released from subducted oceanic crust. Enrichment of Rb, Ba, Sr, Th and the presence of negative Nb anomalies indicate generation in a suprasubduction zone setting. Trondhjemite and granodiorite intrusions are present in the volcanic rocks, gabbros and norites. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircons from a granodiorite yields a mean^(206)Pb/^(238)U age of 96.0 ±2.0 Ma(cenomanian). The initial ε_(Hf) value for the zircons show a narrow range from +12.8 to+15.6, with a weighted mean of + 13.90±0.96. This initial value is within error of model depleted mantle at 96 Ma or slightly below that, in the field of arc rocks with minimal contamination by older continental crust. The compositional bimodality of the Pushtashan suprasubduction sequence suggests seafloor spreading during the initiation of subduction, with a lava stratigraphy from earlyerupted MORB transitioning into calc-alkaline lavas and finally by 96 Ma intrusion of granodioritic and trondhjemitic bodies with juvenile crustal isotopic signatures. The results confirm another cretaceous arc remnant preserved as an allochthon within the Iraqi segment of the cenozoic Zagros suture zone. Implications for the closure of Neo-Tethys are discussed.

关键词： Pushtashan suprasubduction assemblage cretaceous Zircon U-Pb dating Hf isotopes Kurdistan region lraq Neo-Terhys

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Teasing apart socially-induced infertility in non-reproductive female Damaraland mole-rats, Fukomys damarensis (Rodentia:Bathyergidae)

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 311-320页

作者： Nigel c.bennett Department of Zoology and Entomology University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa and Mammals ChairDepartment ofZoologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

The Damaraland mole-rat is a subterranean mammal exhibiting extreme reproductive skew with a single reproductive female in each colony responsible for ***-reproductive female colony members are physiologically suppressed while in the colony,exhibiting reduced concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone(LH)and a decreased response of the pituitary,as measured by the release of bioactive LH,to an exogenous dose of gonadotrophin releasing hormone(GnRH).Removal of the reproductive female from the colony results in an elevation of LH and an enhanced response of the pituitary to a GnRH challenge in non-reproductive females comparable to reproductive females,implying control of reproduction in these individuals by the reproductive *** Damaraland mole-rat is an ideal model for investigating the physiological and behavioral mechanisms that regulate the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal *** contrast,we know less about the control of reproduction at the level of the *** immunohistochemistry of the GnRH system of both reproductive and non-reproductive female Damaraland mole-rats has revealed no significant differences with respect to morphology,distribution or numbers of immunoreactive GnRH *** examined whether the endogenous opioid peptide beta-endorphin was responsible for the inhibition of the release of the GnRH from the neurons indirectly by measuring LH concentrations in these non-reproductive females following single,hourly and 8 hourly injections of the opioid antagonist *** results imply that the endogenous opioid peptide,beta-endorphin,is not responsible for the inhibition of GnRH release from the perikarya in non-reproductive *** data examining the circulating levels of cortisol also do not support a role for circulating *** possible role of kisspeptin is discussed.

关键词： Bathyergidae mole-rat reproduction social suppression

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A multi-mechanistic approach to the oil recovery study of a family of amphiphilic polysaccharides

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 238-249页

作者： Funsho Afolabi Syed MMahmood Lunech Mario Nur Asyraf Md Akhir bennett Tackie-Otoo Hamid Sharifigaliuk center of Research in Enhanced Oil Recovery Universiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri IskandarMalaysia center for Subsurface Imaging Universiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri IskandarMalaysia Research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI) TehranIran

chemical enhanced oil recovery(cEOR)remains one of the most potent tertiary recovery ***,it is expensive and rarely environmentally ***-based amphiphilic polymers have been suggested as an alternative to eradicating the challenges of conventional cEOR because of cost-effectiveness,and ***,few in-depth studies exist in the literature to investigate the prospects of these materials.A new family of amphiphilic polysaccharides was synthesized by hydrophobic modification of cellulose sulphate,and the EOR functionalities were *** novel biopolymers exhibited the ability to alter rock wetting *** terms of recovery,one of the variants of the synthesized bio amphiphilic polymer(D-I)was able to reduce residual oil saturation to 12%at harsh conditions of 60,000 ppm salinity at 75℃.Micromodel visual analysis revealed that the performance of the novel materials was due to the combination of mobility control,IFT lowering and emulsification,wettability alteration,and *** a performance commensurate to that of a commercial hydrophobically modified polymer,it can be said that the novel amphiphilic polysaccharides can stand as a viable cEOR agent for oilfield applications.

关键词： Bio-based polymers Amphiphilic polysaccharides EOR cellulose sulphate Environmental sustainability

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Embracing the Year of the Dragon

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china Today 2024年第2期73卷 30-32页

作者： KEITH bennett Friends of Socialist china based in London

The Lunar New Year has increasingly become a common festival of people throughout the *** people,and people throughout the world,are looking forward to welcoming the Year of the Dragon,which falls on February 10,*** Dragon is considered the most auspicious of the 12 signs in the chinese zodiac and this year is specifically the Year of the Wood Dragon,the first since *** to Lifestyle Asia,“Wood Dragons enjoy fulfilling ***’re likely to materialize all their ambitions into actions,coming up with truly revolutionary ideas.”

关键词： looking has likely

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Five Principles as Relevant Today as 70 Years Ago

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china Today 2024年第8期73卷 18-19页

作者： KEITH bennett 不详

The chinese initiative has become an international consensus with productive actions.A conference marking the 70th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful coexistence,a cornerstone of chinese foreign policy,was held in Beijing on June 28,attracting attendees from around the world,including former political leaders from some 20 *** the conference,President Xi Jinping made an important speech in which he said that the Five Principles“marked a groundbreaking and epoch-making achievement in the history of international relations.”

关键词： corners attracting Peace

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Sexual and Reproductive Service Interventions for Menstrual Regulation, Safe Abortion, and Post-abortion care and Their Effectiveness During Disaster Response: A Global Systematic Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 359-373页

作者： Nibedita S.Ray-bennett Winifred Ekezie Isha Biswas Nimra Iqbal choudhary David cowie Lasith Dissanayake Lauren Macleod Azukaeogo Nnaji Madhulika Sahoo School of Business University of Leicester Avoidable Deaths Network University of Leicester Diabetes Research centre Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester School of Social Sciences and Humanities Aston University Lifespan and Population Health School of Medicine University of Nottingham School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales West African Regional EcHO (WARE) APIN Public Health Initiatives Department of Anthropology Kalahandi University

Sexual and reproductive health(SRH) services are crucial for women especially during disasters, to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity from miscarriages, unsafe abortions, and post-abortion complications. This study explored the SRH interventions provided during disaster response. A systematic review was conducted to identify what menstrual regulation(MR), safe abortion(SA), and post-abortion care(PAc) approaches/interventions exist to promote resilience in the health system in disaster settings; what intervention components were most eff ective; and challenges and opportunities to meeting SRH rights. Five electronic databases were searched, resulting in 4194 records. Following the screening process, seven publications were included. The intervention-related information in each publication was assessed based on availability,accessibility, acceptability, and quality. Two SRH approaches/interventions were found. The eff ectiveness of intervention components could not be conducted due to the limited number of relevant studies. challenges were found at facility and community levels, and opportunities included overcoming them, making MR, SA, and PAc integral to the mitigation phase,and policy change to overcome barriers related to unaff ordability and inaccessibility. Recommendations are provided to encourage research and policy towards improving neglected SRH in disaster settings to realize Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the Global Strategy and Sendai Framework's priority to promote disaster-resilient health systems.

关键词： Abortion Disasters Sendai framework Sexual and reproductive health Sustainable development goal

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Effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness:A multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 90-98页

作者： Tania Pinto-Escalona Erica Gobbi Pedro L.Valenzuela Simon J.bennett Pierluigi Aschieri Manuel Martin-Loeches Antonio Paoli Oscar Martinez-de-Quel Faculty of Education Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino“Carlo Bo”Urbino 61029Italy Department of Systems Biology University of AlcaláMadrid 28805Spain Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Faculty of ScienceLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUK Italian Judo WrestlingKarate and Martial Arts FederationRome 00122Italy Psychobiology&Methods for the Behavioural Sciences Department Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PaduaPadua 35122Italy

Purpose:To examine the effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness in children aged 7-8 ***:Twenty schools in 5 different European countries(2 second-grade classrooms per school)participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial(Sport at School trial).Participants were assigned to either a control group,which continued with their habitual physical education lessons,or to an intervention group,which replaced these lessons with a 1-year karate intervention(Karate Mind and Movement program).A total of 721 children(344 girls and 377 boys,7.4±0.5 years old,mean±SD)completed the study,of which 333 and 388 were assigned to the control group and intervention group,*** included academic performance(average grade),psychosocial functioning(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents),and different markers of physical fitness(cardiorespiratory fitness,balance,and flexibility).Results:The intervention provided small but significant benefits compared to the control group for academic achievement(d=0.16;p=0.003),conduct problems(d=-0.28;p=0.003),cardiorespiratory fitness(d=0.36;pce(d=0.24;p=0.015).There was a trend towards significant benefits for flexibility(d=0.24;p=0.056).No significant benefits were observed for other variables,including psychosocial difficulties,emotional symptoms,hyperactivity/inattention,peer problems,or prosocial behaviour(all p>0.05).conclusion:A 1-year school-based karate intervention was effective in improving academic achievement,conduct problems,and physical fitness in primary school *** results support the inclusion of karate during physical education lessons.

关键词： Academic performance cardiorespiratory fitness conduct problems Karate Physical fitness

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The Impact of Opioid Drugs on Memory and Other cognitive Functions: A Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 264-287页

作者： Mason T. bennett Yuliya Modna Dev Kumar Shah School of Biomedical Sciences Trinity Medical Sciences University Kingstown Saint Vincent and Grenadines Department of Physiology Trinity Medical Sciences University Kingstown Saint Vincent and Grenadines

Background and Purpose: Opioids, used for centuries to alleviate pain, have become a double-edged sword. While effective, they come with a host of adverse effects, including memory and cognition impairment. This review delves into the impact of opioid drugs on cognitive functions, explores underlying mechanisms, and investigates their prevalence in both medical care and illicit drug use. The ultimate goal is to find ways to mitigate their potential harm and address the ongoing opioid crisis. Methods: We sourced data from PubMed and Google Scholar, employing search combinations like “opioids,” “memory,” “cognition,” “amnesia,” “cognitive function,” “executive function,” and “inhibition.” Our focus was on English-language articles spanning from the inception of these databases up to the present. Results: The literature consistently reveals that opioid use, particularly at high doses, adversely affects memory and other cognitive functions. Longer deliberation times, impaired decision-making, impulsivity, and behavioral disorders are common consequences. chronic high-dose opioid use is associated with conditions such as amnesiac syndrome (OAS), post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POcD), neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), depression, anxiety, sedation, and addiction. Alarming trends show increased opioid use over recent decades, amplifying the risk of these outcomes. conclusion: Opioids cast a shadow over memory and cognitive function. These effects range from amnesiac effects, lessened cognitive function, depression, and more. contributing factors include over-prescription, misuse, misinformation, and prohibition policies. Focusing on correct informational campaigns, removing punitive policies, and focusing on harm reduction strategies have been shown to lessen the abuse and use of opioids and thus helping to mitigate the adverse effects of these drugs. Further research into the impacts of opioids on cognitive abilities is also needed as they are well demonstrated in

关键词： Opioids Memory cognition Pain

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