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Warming hiatus-and evergreen conifers in Altay-Sayan Region,Siberia

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第12期15卷 2579-2589页

作者： viacheslav i.kharuk Sergei T.iM il'ya A.PETROV Sukachev institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk660036Russia Siberian Federal University Suobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk 660041Russia Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk 660014Russia

"Warming hiatus" occurred in the AltaySayan Mountain Region, Siberia in c. 1997–2014. We analyzed evergreen conifer(EGC) stands area(satellite data) and trees(Siberian pine, Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Siberian fir, Abies sibirica Ledeb.) growth increment(dendrochronology data) response to climate variables before and during the hiatus. During the hiatus, EGC area increased in the highlands(>1000 m)(+30%), whereas at low and middle elevations(increase was observed on the rain-ward northwest slopes mainly. in highlands, EGC area increase mainly correlated with summer air temperature, whereas at low and middle elevations EGC area decrease correlated with drought index SPEi and vapor pressure deficit(VPD). EGC mortality(fir and Siberian pine) in lowland was caused by the synergy of water stress(inciting factor) and barkbeetle attacks(contributing factor). Tree growth increment(Gi) dynamics differs with respect to elevation. At high elevation(1700 m) Gi permanently increased since warming onset, whereas at the middle(900 m) and low elevations(450 m) Gi increased until c. 1983 yr. with followed depression. That Gi "breakpoint" occurred about a decade before hiatus onset. in spite of growth depression, during hiatus Gi was higher than that in pre-warming period. At high elevation, Gi positively responded to elevated June temperatures and negatively to moisture increase(precipitation, root zone moisture content, VPD, and SPEi). At low elevation Gi negatively responded to June temperatures and positively to moisture increase. For both, low and high elevation, these patterns persisted throughout the study period(1967–2014). On the contrary, at middle elevations Gi dependence on climate variables switch after breakpoint year(1983). Before breakpoint, June air temperature(positive correlation) and moisture(negative correlations) controlled Gi. Further temperature increase leads Gi depression and switched correlation signs to opposite(from positive to negative with tempe

关键词： Growth increment Warming hiatus Warming impact Conifer decline Tree growth Tree mortality Conifer mortality Water stress

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Tree wave migration across an elevation gradient in the Altai Mountains,Siberia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第3期14卷 442-452页

作者： viacheslav i.kharuk Sergei T.iM Maria L.DViNSKAYA Kenneth J.RANSON il'ya A.PETROV Sukachev institute of Forest SB RAS KrasnoyarskRussia Siberian Federal University KrasnoyarskRussia M.F.Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University KrasnoyarskRussia NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMarylandUSA

The phenomenon of tree waves(hedges and ribbons) formation within the alpine ecotone in Altai Mountains and its response to observed air temperature increase was considered. At the upper limit of tree growth Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica) forms hedges on windward slopes and ribbons on the leeward ones. Hedges were formed by prevailing winds and oriented along winds direction. Ribbons were formed by snow blowing and accumulating on the leeward slope and perpendicular to the prevailing winds, as well as to the elevation gradient. Hedges were always linked with microtopography features, whereas ribbons were not. Trees are migrating upward by waves and new ribbons and hedges are forming at or near tree line, whereas at lower elevations ribbons and hedges are being transformed into closed forests. Time series of high-resolution satellite scenes(from 1968 to 2010) indicated an upslope shift in the position ribbons averaged 155±26 m(or 3.7 m yr^(-1)) and crown closure increased(about 35%–90%). The hedges advance was limited by poor regeneration establishment and was negligible. Regeneration within the ribbon zone was approximately 2.5 times(5060 vs 2120 ha^(-1)) higherthen within the hedges zone. During the last four decades, Siberian pine in both hedges and ribbons strongly increased its growth increment, and recent tree growth rate for 50 year-old trees was about twice higher than those recorded for similarly-aged trees at the beginning of the 20^(th) century. Hedges and ribbons are phenomena that are widespread within the southern and northern Siberian Mountains.

关键词：带子森林篱笆西伯利亚的森林高山的 treeline 树波浪西伯利亚的松阿尔泰山山

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Tree clusters migration into alpine tundra,Siberia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3426-3440页

作者： kharuk viacheslav i. PETROV ii'ya A. iM Sergei T. GOLYUKOV Alexey S. DViNSKAYA Maria L. SHUSHPANOV Alexander S. Sukacheu institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk 660041Russia Reshetneu Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk 66014Russia Tomsk State University Leninastr.36Tomsk 634050Russia

We hypothesize that in mountain windy habitat trees formed clusters(hedges)as adaptive structures for seedlings’rooting,survival,and tress’upslope migration.We studied hedges formed by Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica du Tour)and larch(Larix sibirica Ledeb.)within the treeline ecotone in southern Siberian Mountains,investigated hedges formation,evolution,habitat amelioration,and analyzed tree’s growth index(Gi)dependence on the eco-climate variables(air temperature,precipitation,soil moisture,wind speed)and relief features(elevation,aspect,slope steepness,and terrain curvature).We conducted a ground survey,measured biometrical parameters of trees and hedges,determined species composition and tree physiognomy,soil types and nutrient contents,and sampled wood cores and applied dendrochronology for trees’Gi analysis.With high-resolution satellite scenes for hedge detection and upslope migration,we found that winter winds and soil moisture are the main constraints of trees’settlement and growth.Hedge formation always links with wind-sheltered microtopography features(boulders,local depressions or felled trees).Once the first tree is established,a positive feedback is aroused that facilitates seedling rooting and in-hedge habitat amelioration.Trees form a streamlined dense“common crown”that mitigates adverse winter wind influence.Hedges always orient along the prevailing winds,and trees’uphill migration occurs by seedlings establishment within the leeward hedge side.Hedge growth facilitates soil formation and fertilization.The concentration of nutrients(K,P,N and S)within hedges exceeds the background by 1.5-5.5 times.Hedge extension leads to increased snow accumulation that mitigates the influence of desiccation and snow abrasion and mitigates seasonal water stress.in the extremely harsh windy habitat,inhedge trees present in mat,prostrate or krummholz forms.With warming,tree stems and even twigs turn upright.Notably that Gi dependence on the wind speed is insignificant until prostrated trees get turning upright.Since th

关键词： Treeline Timberline Hedges Tree migration Siberian pine Larch Tree growth Siberian mountain forests Wind stress Moisture stress

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Larch growth across thermal and moisture gradients in the Siberian Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 101-114页

作者： kharuk viacheslav i. PETROV il'ya A. GOLYUKOV Alexey S. DViNSKAYA Maria L. iM Sergei T. SHUSHPANOV Alexander S. Sukachev institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk660036Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk660041Russia Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk660014Russia Tomsk State University Lenina str.36Tomsk634050Russia

Climate-driven changes in the thermal and moisture regimes may variously influence different tree species growth and ranges.We hypothesize that drought resistant Siberian larch(Larix sibirica Ledeb.)and precipitation-sensitive Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica Du Tour)responded differently to climate change along the elevational thermal and precipitation gradients.We studied the influence of air temperature,precipitation,soil moisture,and atmospheric drought(indicated by the drought index SPEi)on larch and pine growth along the southward megaslope of the West Sayan Ridge.We found that since 2000 climate change resulted in increasing larch and pine radial growth index(Gi)(c.1.5–3times)within treeline(2000–2300 m)and timberline(1900–2000 m)ecotones,i.***.within high precipitation zones.Within the forest-steppe ecotone(1100–1200 m)in which L.sibirica is the only species,larch Gi stagnated or even decreased.The total forested area increased since 2000 up to+50%in the high elevations,whereas in the low elevations(igible.Within treeline and timberline,trees’Gi was stimulated by summer temperature.Meanwhile,temperature increase in early spring reduces Gi due to living tissue activation followed by tissue damage by desiccation.Within forest-steppe,larch radial growth was mostly dependent on soil moisture.Warming shifted dependence on moisture to the early dates of the growing period.Acute droughts decreased Gi within forest-steppe as well as within treeline,whereas the drought influence on both species within highlands was insignificant.Within forest-steppe seedlings establishment was poor,whereas it was successful within treeline and timberline.Current climate change leads to stagnation or even decrease in Larix sibirica growth in the southern lowland habitat.in combination with poor seedlings establishment,reduced growth threatens the transformation of open lowland forests into forest-steppe and steppe communities.Meanwhile,in the highlands warming facilitated the growth of Siberian larch and pin

关键词： Larch Siberian pine Climate influence on tree radial growth Mountain forests Treeline Timberline Foreststeppe Drought stress Moisture stress

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Siberian silkmoth outbreaks surpassed geoclimatic barrier in Siberian Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1891-1900页

作者： kharuk viacheslav i. iM Sergei T. SOLDATOV Vladimir V. Sukachev institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk660036 Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk660041 Russia Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk660014 Russia Russian Center of Forest Protection Academgorodok 50A/2Krasnoyarsk660036 Russia

Siberian silkmoth(SSM,Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv.)is the most important defoliator of Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica Du Tour)and fir(Abies sibirica Ledeb.)stands.Warming-induced SSM outbreaks are one of the major driving factors of successions within the taiga zone.it is suggested that climate change impacted the SSM range and life cycle.We analyzed the migration of alpine and northerly SSM outbreak boundaries in Siberia and the impact of the climate variables and topography on the outbreak dynamics.We used time-series scenes(multispectral data,and vegetation indexes EVi and NDii)in combination with field studies,climate variables,and GiS techniques.We found that SSM outbreaks in the area of alpine boundary shifted about 370 m uphill since the mid of 1950.The outbreak onset was promoted by increased dryness and active temperatures and decreased root zone moisture content in the spring-early summer period.The terrain topography strongly affected SSM outbreak onset and dynamics.initially,the outbreak was located at the middle elevations on the gentle concave southeastern slopes,which are the favorable insect habitats between outbreaks.Then the outbreak expanded uphill and downhill,to steeper slopes,and both concave and convex terrains.Alongside with elevation range expansion,SSM surpassed its northern historical outbreak boundary:the potential outbreaks’boundary moved about 300 km northward.Climate warming contributes to SSM migration into former outbreak free conifer stands located in highlands and at northern latitudes.

关键词： insect outbreaks Remote sensing monitoring insect ranges expansion Siberian silkmoth Forest health Conifer mortality

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Alpine ecotone in the Siberian Mountains:vegetation response to warming

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第12期18卷 3099-3108页

作者： kharuk viacheslav i. iM Sergei T. PETROV il’ya A. Sukachev institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk 660041Russia Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk 660014Russia

Birch(Betula tortuosa)is one of the treeline forming species within the Siberian Mountains.We analysed the area dynamics of birch stands and the upslope climb of birch treeline based on the Landsat time series scenes and on-ground data.We found that since the warming onset(1970th)birch area increased by 10%,birch stands and treeline boundary were moving upslope with a rate of 1.4 m/yr and 4.0 m/yr.Birch upslope shift correlated with air temperatures at the beginning(May-June)and the end(August-October)of the growth period.Meanwhile,no correlation was found between birch upslope migration and precipitation.Winds negatively influenced both birch area growth and birch upslope climb during spring,fall,and wintertime.in the windy habitats,birch,together with larch and Siberian pine,formed clusters(hedges)which mitigated the influence of adverse winds.These clusters are the adaptive pattern for trees’upslope climb within windward slopes.The other adaptation to the harsh alpine ecotone habitat is non-leaf(bark)photosynthesis which supports tree survival.Thereby,Betula tortuosa upslope climb depends on the wind impact and warming in spring and fall that extended growth period.With ongoing warming and observed wind speed decrease on the background of sufficient precipitation,it is expected to further birch advance into alpine tundra in the Siberian Mountains.

关键词： Alpine biomes Treeline shift rate Treeline ecotone Siberian mountain forests Betula tortuosa Forest densification Tree clustering

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Erratum to:Siberian silkmoth outbreaks surpassed geoclimatic barrier in Siberian Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第5期18卷 1404-1404页

Aim&Scope:Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world.JMS mainly publishes academic and technical papers concerning environmental changes and sustainable development in mountain areas under natural conditions or/and with the influence of human activities.it also accepts book reviews,commentary,and reports on mountain research and introductions to mountain research organizations.

关键词： JMS mountains devoted

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