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Review:DNA-damage response network at the crossroads of cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第6期8卷 377-397页

作者： schmitt Estelle PAQUET Claudie BEAUCHEMIN Myriam BERTRAND Richard Notre Dame Hospital and Montreal Cancer Institute Research Centre of University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM) Montreal (Que) H2L 4M1 Canada Notre Dame Hospital and Montreal Cancer Institute Research Centre of University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM) Montreal (Que) H2L 4M1 Canada Medicine Department University of Montreal Montreal (Que) H3C 3J7 Canada

Tissue homeostasis requires a carefully-orchestrated balance between cell proliferation, cellular senescence and cell death. Cells proliferate through a cell cycle that is tightly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase activities. Cellular senescence is a safeguard program limiting the proliferative competence of cells in living organisms. Apoptosis eliminates unwanted cells by the coordinated activity of gene products that regulate and effect cell death. The intimate link between the cell cycle, cellular senes- cence, apoptosis regulation, cancer development and tumor responses to cancer treatment has become eminently apparent. Extensive research on tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, the cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory genes has revealed how the DNA damage-sensing and -signaling pathways, referred to as the DNA-damage response network, are tied to cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, cellular senescence and apoptosis. DNA-damage responses are complex, involving “sensor” proteins that sense the damage, and transmit signals to “transducer” proteins, which, in turn, convey the signals to numerous “effector” proteins implicated in specific cellular pathways, including DNA repair mechanisms, cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis. The Bcl-2 family of proteins stands among the most crucial regulators of apoptosis and performs vital functions in deciding whether a cell will live or die after cancer chemotherapy and irradiation. In addition, several studies have now revealed that members of the Bcl-2 family also interface with the cell cycle, DNA repair/recombination and cellular senescence, effects that are generally distinct from their function in apoptosis. In this review, we report progress in understanding the molecular networks that regulate cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis after DNA damage, and discuss the influence of some Bcl-2 family members on cell-cycle checkpoint regulation.

关键词：细胞周期检查点细胞衰老细胞凋亡 DNA损伤响应网络

Therapeutic effects of garlic in cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2019年第10期17卷 721-728页

作者： Igor A.Sobenin veronika A.Myasoedova Maria I.Iltchuk ZHANG Dong-Wei Alexander N.Orekhov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology 121552 MoscowRussian Federation Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology 125315 MoscowRussian Federation Research Institute of Threpsology and Healthy Lo ngevity Plekhanov Russian University of Economics117997 MoscowRussian Federation Diabetes Research Center Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China Institute of Human Morphology 117418 MoscowRussian Federation

Garlic(Allium sativum) is a widely known medicinal plant, potential of which remains to be fully evaluated. Its wide-range beneficial effects appear to be relevant for treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and related diseases. It is generally believed that garlic-based preparations are able to improve lipid profile in humans, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, suppress low density lipoprotein oxidation, modulate blood pressure, suppress platelet aggregation, lower plasma fibrinogen level and increase fibrinolytic activity, thus providing clinically relevant cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is important to assess the level of evidence available for different protective effects of garlic and to understand the underlying mechanisms. This information will allow adequate integration of garlic-based preparations to clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic preparations, focusing on antihyperlipidemic, hypotensive, anti-platelet and direct anti-atherosclerotic activities of the medicinal plant. We also provide an overview of available meta-analyses and a number of clinical trials that assess the beneficial effects of garlic.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Dyslipidemia Cardiovascular disease Natural medicines Garlic

Efficiency and degradation products elucidation of the photodegradation of mefenpyrdiethyl in water interface using TiO_2 P-25 and Hombikat UV100

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第9期24卷 1686-1693页

作者： Amina Chnirheb Mourad Harir Basem Kanawati Mohammed El Azzouzi Istvan Gebefgi Philippe schmitt-Kopplin Department of BioGeoChemistry and Analytik German Research Center for Environmental HealthHelmholtz Center MunichIngoldstdter Landstraβe 1D-85764 NeuherbergGermany University Mohammed V-Agdal Faculty of SciencesAvenue Ibn BatoutaBP 1014 RabatMorocco. Lehrstuhl fr Chemische-Technische Analyse und Chemische Lebensmitteltechnologie Technische Universitt MuenchenWeihenstephaner Steig 2385354 Freising-WeihenstephanGermany

The photodegradation of mefenpyrdiethyl （MFD）, an herbicide safener, was investigated in aqueous suspensions by using Degussa P-25 and Hombikat UV100 titanium oxide under simulated sunlight irradiation. The effects of initial concentration of the herbicide, pH, catalysts and hydrogen peroxide doses as well as their combinations were studied and optimized. Accordingly, the kinetic parameters were determined and the effectiveness of the processes was assessed by calculating the rate constants. A pseudo first-order kinetics was observed. Under experimental conditions, the degradation rate constants were strongly influenced using P-25 and no noticeable effect was observed for Hombikat UV100. DFT calculations with B3LYP/6-311＋G（2d,p）//B3LYP/6-31＋G（d,p） level of theory were performed to check whether significant conformational changes occur when the charge state of the MFD substrate changes and whether these changes could play a role in the dependency of photodegradation rate constant on the studied pH. High resolution mass spectrometry （FT-ICR/MS） was implemented to identify the main degradation products.

关键词： photodegradation mefenpyrdiethyl P-25/Hombikat UV100 kinetic degradation products

Architectural quality of the productive facades integrating photovoltaic and vertical farming systems: Survey among experts in Singapore

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2020年第2期9卷 301-318页

作者： Abel Tablada Vesna Kosoric Huajing Huang Stephen S.Y.Lau veronika Shabunko Department of Architecture School of Design and EnvironmentNational University of SingaporeSingapore Facultad de Arquitectura Technological University of Havana J.A Echeverri´aMarianaoHavana19390Cuba BauLab GmbH 4656 Starrkirch-WilSwitzerland Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS) Singapore

Buildings could play a critical role in energy and food production while making highdensity cities more *** facades(PFs),as flexible and multi-functional systems integrating photovoltaic(PV)and vertical farming(VF)systems,could contribute to transforming buildings and communities from consumers to *** study analyses the architectural quality of the developed PF concept drawing on the findings of a web-survey conducted among experts e building professionals in *** developed design variants are compared with regards to key design aspects such as facade aesthetics,view from the inside,materialisation,ease of operation,functionality and overall architectural *** study also compares and discusses the results of the web-survey with the results of a previously conducted door-to-door survey among the potential users-residents of the Housing&Development Board(HDB)*** findings confirm an overall acceptance of the PF concept and reveal a need for synergetic collaboration between architects/designers and other building *** on the defined PF design framework and the results of the two surveys,a series of recommendations and improved PF prototypes are proposed for further assessment and implementation in order to foster their scalability from buildings into communities and cities.

关键词： Facade systems Building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV) Solar shading devices Vertical farming(VF) Sustainable buildings Survey

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飞越洪水

疯狂英语（新读写） 2022年第3期 34-34,61页

作者： Brad schmitt 不详

直升机可在小面积场地垂直起降,正是由于具备这一优点,它在救援方面具有很重要的作用。

关键词：垂直起降直升机救援

Genes of tumor necrosis factors and their receptors and the primary open angle glaucoma in the population of Central Russia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第10期10卷 1490-1494页

作者： Evgeniya Tikunova veronika Ovtcharova Evgeny Reshetnikov Volodymyr Dvornyk Alexey Polonikov Olga Bushueva Mikhail Churnosov Department of Medical Biological Disciplines Belgorod State University School of Biological Sciences University of Hong Kong Department of Biology Medical Genetics and EcologyKursk State Medical University

AIM：To examine the association of genetic polymorphisms（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋36）A/G TNFR1,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 with the development of primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）among people in Central ***：The study sample included 443 individuals,of which 252 patients with POAG and 191 individuals in the control *** of（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋36）A/G TNFR1,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 was performed using polymerase chain *** distribution of alleles and genotypes of the studied DNA markers in the groups was examined by 2×2 contingency tables andχ2with the Yates’s correction for continuity and odds ratios（OR）with95%confidence intervals（CI）.RESULTS：Allele（-308）G TNFα（Р=0.01,OR=1.78,95%CI1.12-2.85）was identified as a risk factor for ***（-308）AA TNFαare at a lowest risk for development of the disease（Р=0.01,OR=0.0005）.The following combination of genetic variants of cytokines were associated with a reduced risk of POAG：（＋1663）A TNFR2 and（＋250）G Ltα（OR=0.34）CONCLUSION：Genetic polymorphisms（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 associated with the development of POAG in the population of Central Russia.

关键词： primary open angle glaucoma tumor necrosisfactor tumor necrosis factor receptor gene polymorphism

Morphological characteristics of blood cells in monitor lizards:is erythrocyte size linked to actual body size?

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第1期8卷 39-45页

作者： Petra FRÝDLOVÁ Jan HNÍZDO Lenka CHYLÍKOVÁ OlgaŠIMKOVÁ veronika CIKÁNOVÁ Petr VELENSKÝ Daniel FRYNTA Department of Zoology Charles University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Animal Clinic PragueCzech Republic Prague Zoo PragueCzech Republic

Blood cell morphology and count are not uniform across ***,between-species comparisons revealed that the size of red blood cells is associated with body size in some lizard taxa,and this finding was interpreted in the context of the metabolic *** the present study,we examined the numbers and the size of blood cells in 2 species of monitor lizards,the mangrove-dwelling monitor(Varanus indicus)and the savannah monitor(***),and we compared these traits in individuals of different body *** results revealed that during the course of ontogeny,the size of red blood cells increases with body *** the mass-specific metabolic rate decreases with body size and the cell volume-to-surface ratio decreases with the cell size,changes in the erythrocyte size might be the result of oxygen transport adjustment.

关键词： blood parameters body size erythrocyte size metabolic theory Varanidae

SAR polarimetric change detection for flooded vegetation

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2013年第2期6卷 103-114页

作者： B.Brisco A.schmitt K.Murnaghan S.Kaya A.Roth Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Earth Sciences SectorNatural Resources CanadaOttawaONCanada German remote sensing data center german aerospace centeroberpfaffenhofenwesslinggermany

Due to spatial and temporal variability an effective monitoring system for water resources must consider the use of remote sensing to provide *** Aperture Radar(SAR)is useful due to timely data acquisition and sensitivity to surface water and flooded *** ability to map flooded vegetation is attributed to the double bounce scattering mechanism,often dominant for this *** Ting Lake in China is an ideal site for evaluating SAR data for this application due to annual flooding caused by mountain snow melt causing extensive changes in flooded vegetation.A curvelet-based approach for change detection in SAR imagery works well as it highlights the change and suppresses the speckle *** paper addresses the extension of this change detection technique to polarimetric SAR data for monitoring surface water and flooded ***-2 images of Dong Ting Lake demonstrate this curvelet-based change detection technique applied to wetlands although it is applicable to other land covers and for post disaster impact *** tools are important to Digital Earth for map updating and revision.

关键词： SAR polarimetry change detection wetlands floods earth observa-tion land cover microwave remote sensing

Can Quick Release Experiments Reveal the Muscle Structure？ A Bionic Approach

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第2期9卷 211-223页

作者： D. F. B. Haeufle M. Gunther R. Blickhan S. schmitt Institute of Sports and Exercise-Science University of Stuttgart Allmandring 28 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology （SRC SimTech） University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 7a D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute of Motion Science Friedrich-Schiller-University Seidelstraβe 20 D-07749 Jena Germany

The goal of this study was to understand the macroscopic mechanical structure and function of biological muscle with respect to its dynamic role in the contraction. A recently published muscle model, deriving the hyperbolic force-velocity relation from first-order mechanical principles, predicts different force-velocity operating points for different load situations. With a new approach, this model could be simplified and thus, transferred into a numerical simulation and a hardware experiment. Two types of quick release experiments were performed in simulation and with the hardware setup, which represent two extreme cases of the contraction dynamics： against a constant force （isotonic） and against an inertial mass. Both experiments revealed hyperbolic or hyperbolic-like force-velocity relations. Interestingly, the analytical model not only predicts these extreme cases, but also additionally all contraction states in between. It was possible to validate these predictions with the numerical model and the hardware experiment. These results prove that the origin of the hyperbolic force-velocity relation can be mechanically explained on a macroscopic level by the dynamical interaction of three mechanical elements. The implications for the interpretation of biological muscle experiments and the realization of muscle-like bionic actuators are discussed.

关键词： force-velocity relation isotonic quick release proof of concept artificial muscle