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Artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy:A review of current state of practice and research

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第47期27卷 8103-8122页

作者： Mahsa Taghiakbari Yuichi Mori Daniel von Renteln Department of Gastroenterology CRCHUMMontreal H2X 0A9QuebecCanada Clinical Effectiveness Research Group University of OsloOslo 0450Norway Digestive Disease Center Showa University Northern Yokohama HospitalYokohama 224-8503Japan

Colonoscopy is an effective screening procedure in colorectal cancer prevention programs;however,colonoscopy practice can vary in terms of lesion detection,classification,and *** intelligence(AI)-assisted decision support systems for endoscopy is an area of rapid research and *** systems promise improved detection,classification,screening,and surveillance for colorectal polyps and *** recently developed applications for AIassisted colonoscopy have shown promising results for the detection and classification of colorectal polyps and ***,their value for real-time application in clinical practice has yet to be determined owing to limitations in the design,validation,and testing of AI models under real-life clinical *** these current limitations,ambitious attempts to expand the technology further by developing more complex systems capable of assisting and supporting the endoscopist throughout the entire colonoscopy examination,including polypectomy procedures,are at the concept ***,further work is required to address the barriers and challenges of AI integration into broader colonoscopy practice,to navigate the approval process from regulatory organizations and societies,and to support physicians and patients on their journey to accepting the technology by providing strong evidence of its accuracy and *** article takes a closer look at the current state of AI integration into the field of colonoscopy and offers suggestions for future research.

关键词： Colonoscopy Adenoma Artificial intelligence Computational intelligence Endoscopy Surveillance

Climate change effects in the Western Himalayan ecosystems of India: evidence and strategies

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第3期4卷 232-240页

作者： Vindhya Prasad Tewari Raj Kumar Verma Klaus von Gadow Himalayan Forest Research Institute Georg-August University Department of Forestry and Wood Science University of Stellenbosch

Background： The fragile landscapes of the Himalayan region are highly susceptible to natural hazards, and there is ongoing concern about current and potential climate change impacts. This study provides background information on India＇s Western Himalayas and reviews evidence of warming as well as variability in precipitation and extreme ***： Understanding and anticipating the impacts of climate change on Himalayan forest ecosystems and the services they provide to people are critical. Efforts to develop and implement effective policies and management strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation requires particular new research initiatives. The various studies initiated and conducted in the region are compiled ***： Several new initiatives taken by the Himalayan Forest Research Institute in Shimla are described. This includes new permanent observational field studies, some with mapped trees, in high altitude transitional zones for continuous monitoring of vegetation response. We have also presented new strategies for mitigating potential climate change effects in Himalayan forest ***： Assessment of the ecological and genetic diversity of the Himalayan conifers is required to evaluate potential responses to changing climatic conditions. Conservation strategies for the important temperate medicinal plants need to be developed. The impact of climate change on insects and pathogens in the Himalayas also need to be assessed. Coordinated efforts are necessary to develop effective strategies for adaptation and mitigation.

关键词： Himalayan ecosystem Climate change New strategies High altitude New observational studies

Statistical modeling of nitrogen-dependent modulation of root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 254-265页

作者： Takao Araya Takuya Kubo Nicolaus von Wiren Hideki Takahashi Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingM148824USA Molecular Plant Nutrition Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchD-06466 GaterslebenGermany Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan

Plant root development is strongly affected by nutrient availability. Despite the importance of structure and function of roots in nutrient acquisition,statistical modeling approaches to evaluate dynamic and temporal modulations of root system architecture in response to nutrient availability have remained as widely open and exploratory areas in root biology. In this study,we developed a statistical modeling approach to investigate modulations of root system architecture in response to nitrogen availability. Mathematical models were designed for quantitative assessment of root growth and root branching phenotypes and their dynamic relationships based on hierarchical con figuration of primary and lateral roots formulating the fishbone-shaped root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. Time-series datasets reporting dynamic changes in root developmental traits on different nitrate or ammonium concentrations were generated for statistical analyses. Regression analyses unraveled key parameters associated with：（i） inhibition of primary root growth under nitrogen limitation or on ammonium;（ii） rapid progression of lateral root emergence in response to ammonium; and（iii） inhibition of lateral root elongation in the presence of excess nitrate or ammonium. This study provides a statistical framework for interpreting dynamic modulation of root system architecture,supported by metaanalysis of datasets displaying morphological responses of roots to diverse nitrogen supplies.

关键词： Ammonium mathematical modeling nitrate nitrogen root system architecture

Depth Distributions of Belowground Production, Biomass and Decomposition in Restored Tallgrass Prairie

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 457-467页

作者： Adam C.von HADEN Mathew E.DORNBUSH Environmental Science and Policy Graduate Program University of Wisconsin- Green Bay Green Bay WI 54311 (USA) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53726 (USA) Department of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Wisconsin- Green Bay Green Bay WI 54311 (USA)

Grasslands store large stocks of soil organic carbon(SOC) in the subsoil, but our knowledge of belowground processes becomes less robust with depth. Vertically explicit SOC models typically assume that the depth distribution of belowground production follows the depth distribution of belowground biomass, but this assumption has not been tested. In addition to the effects of soil temperature and moisture on decomposition, some vertically explicit SOC models implement an intrinsic decrease in belowground decomposition with depth, yet this effect has rarely been observed empirically. We simultaneously measured the depth distributions of belowground biomass, production, and litter decomposition to assess whether belowground biomass depth distributions were suitable predictors of belowground production and whether belowground decomposition decreased with soil profile depth. We found that live and total(live +dead) belowground biomass was distributed relatively more shallowly than total belowground production, and thus total belowground biomass was a biased predictor of the vertical distribution of belowground production. The depth distribution of live roots < 2 mm in diameter was found to be the best predictor of total belowground production depth distribution. Using an intact decay core method,we found that belowground litter decomposition decreased by 49% from 0–10 to 30–40 cm depth, and model-simulated effects of soil temperature and moisture accounted for only 9% of the observed decrease with depth. Vertically explicit SOC models can be improved with more accurate empirical belowground production depth distribution estimates, but depth-specific decomposition rates currently implemented in SOC models are necessary to explain observed decreases in belowground litter decay with depth.

关键词： carbon decomposition litter decay model simulation roots soil organic carbon soil organic matter temperate grassland vertical rooting distributions

Factors Influencing Post-disaster Reconstruction Project Management for Housing Provision in the Gaza Strip, Occupied Palestinian Territories

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第4期8卷 402-414页

作者： Adnan Enshassi Tarik Chatat Jason von Meding Giuseppe Forino Civil Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Ringgold Standard Institution UNDP Gaza of the United Nations Development Programme School of Architecture and Built Environment University of Newcastle

In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this context of ongoing conflict this article aims to identify, rank, and discuss the most important factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management(PDRPM) for housing in the Gaza Strip. A set of key factors that influence PDRPM were assembled as a result of a global literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a relative importance index for each PDRPM factor. Findings are presented in six groups: housing approaches, organizational behavior, project funding, supply chain and logistics, communication and coordination, and PDRPM context. Findings indicate that the most significant factors that influence PDRPM for housing provision in the Gaza Strip are related to issues associated with financial resources. It is critical that sufficient funding should be available in order to allow organizations to undertake housing projects in an effective and efficient way. Joint efforts are required from international donors and local organizations in order to effectively manage financial resources with the ultimate goal of improving PDRPM for housing provision.

关键词： Gaza strip Israel–Palestine conflict Post-disaster housing Post-disaster project management Post-disaster reconstruction

On the possibility of identifying human subjects using behavioural complexity analyses

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2016年第4期4卷 261-269页

作者： Petr Kloucek Armin von Gunten CAMPsyN SUPAA HSpital de Cery Route de Cery Lausanne University Hospital CH-1008 Prilly Lausanne Switzerland SUPAA Hopital de Cery Route de Cery Lausanne University Hospital CH-1008 Prilly Lausanne Switzerland

Identification of human subjects using a geometric approach to complexity analysis of behavioural data is designed to provide a basis for a more precise diagnosis leading towards personalised medicine. Methods： The approach is based on capturing behavioural time-series that can be characterized by a fractional dimension using non-invasive longer-time acquisitions of heart rate, perfusion, blood oxygenation, skin temperature, relative movement and steps frequency. The geometry based approach consists in the analysis of the area and centroid of convex hulls encapsulating the behavioural data represented in Euclidian index spaces based on the scaring properties of the self-similar normally distributed behavioural time-series of the above mentioned quantities. Results： An example demonstrating the presented approach of behavioural fingerprinting is provided using sensory data of eight healthy human subjects based on approximately fifteen hours of data acquisition. Our results show that healthy subjects can be factorized to different similarity groups based on a particular choice of a convex hull in the corresponding Euclidian space. One of the results indicates that healthy subjects share only a small part of the convex hull pertaining to a highly trained individual from the geometric comparison point of view. Similarly, the presented pair-wise individual geometric similarity measure indicates large differences among the subjects suggesting the possibility of neuro-fingerprinting. Conclusions： Recently introduced multi-channel body-attached sensors provide a possibility to acquire behavioural time-series that can be mathematically analysed to obtain various objective measures of behavioural patterns yielding behavioural diagnoses favouring personalised treatments of, e.g., neuropathologies or aging.

关键词： behavioural complexity indexing behavioural fingerprinting behavioural hysteresis non-disruptivepersonalized medicine

Pathways for Sustainable Utilization of Waste Chicken Eggshell

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第8期10卷 2217-2246页

作者： Omojola Awogbemi Daramy Vandi von Kallon Victor Sunday Aigbodion Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa African Centre of Excellence ACESPED University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa

Chicken eggshell is one of the most common wastes generated from households,restaurants and other food processing *** Chicken Eggshells(WCES)also constitutes an environmental nuisance and ends up discarded at dumping site with no consideration of further *** main constituent of WCES is calcium carbonate from which calcium or calcium oxide can be extracted for various *** current effort reviews recently published literature on the diverse applications of *** considered utilization avenues include catalysts for biofuel production,construction industry,wastewater purification,industrial sector,food industry,medical,and agricultural *** specific areas of application apart from the transesterification reactions include cement additives and replacement in concrete,asphalt binder,adsorbent of metals and dyes,production of hydroxyapatite,food supplement and fortification,dentistry,therapeutics,bone formation,drug delivery,poultry feeds as well as organic *** most of the identified applications,the WCES is subjected to pretreatment and other modification techniques before *** conversion of WCES to valuable products is a cost-effective,safe,environmentally friendly,non-toxic and viable means of waste disposal and *** investigations are needed to further explore the benefits derivable from this bioresource.

关键词： Waste chicken eggshells catalysts food supplements medical applications waste utilization biofuel production

Species Diversity,Distribution,and Microhabitats of Anurans on ***-Kalo of the *** Range Natural Park,Bukidnon,Philippines

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Asian Herpetological Research 2021年第1期12卷 58-75页

作者： von Carlo P.DELA TORRE Olga M.NUNEZA Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies University of the Philippines MindanaoMintal.Tugbok District.Davao City 8022Philippines Wildlife-Human Interaction Studies Ecological Researchand Biodiversity Conservation Laboraory.University of the PhilippinesMindanaoMintalTugbok DistrictDavao City 8022Philippines Department of Biological Sciences and Biodiversity Laboratory Premier Research lnstitute of Science and MathematicsMindanaoState University-lligan Institute of TechnologyA.Bonifacio Avelligan City 9200Philippines

Anurans are considered good indicators of habitat quality due to their bi-phasic life mode,limited dispersal abilities,and sensitivity to environmental changes brought about by habitat fragmentation,pollution,climate change,and emerging infectious *** study aimed to determine species diversity and local distribution of anurans in lower(1000–1400 masl)and upper(1400–1600 masl)montane forests on ***-Kalo of the *** Range Natural Park,Central Mindanao,Southern Philippines by employing standard sampling techniques for *** recorded a total of 251 individual anurans,representing 12 species during a brief recent study ***-Kalo’s upper montane forest has a higher diversity index(H’=1.276)than the lower montane forest(H’=0.851).Despite the very low diversity indices,the level of endemism of anurans was 100%where ten of the recorded species are Mindanao Faunal Region endemics and an additional two species are Philippine *** muelleri exhibited the highest local abundance and individuals of this species which constituted 73%of individual anurans *** of the species encountered prefer terrestrial and aquatic microhabitats,specifically on the rocks and bank substrates along the rivers and *** species of anurans(Philautus acutirostris,***,and Rhacophorus bimaculatus)were strictly found in arboreal *** magnus and *** have overlapping *** indicate that for such a short survey and modest sampling effort,the lower and upper montane forests of ***-Kalo support high endemism of anuran species suggesting that conservation efforts continue to be a priority in this unique protected area.

关键词： conservation endemic indicator species montane forest protected area

Testicular germ cell tumors type 2 have high RNA expression of LDHB,the gene for lactate dehydrogenase subunit B

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第4期23卷 357-362页

作者： Finn Edler von Eyben Jorge Parraga-Alava Shi-Ming Tu Center for Tobacco Control Research Birkevej 17Odense M DK-5230Denmark Facultad de Ciencias Informáticas Universidad Técnica de ManabíPortoviejo 130105Ecuador Department of Informatics Engineering Santiago UniversitySantiago 917020Chile Department of Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe BlvdHoustonTX 77030USA

This study analyzed RNA expression of genes for three serum tumor markers,alpha fetoprotein(AFP),human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),in patients with testicular germ cell tumors(TGCT)type *** gene AFP encodes AFP,the gene for chorionic gonadotropin beta polypeptide 5(CGB5)encodes a major part of the specific beta subunit of hCG,and the genes for LDH subunit A(LDHA),LDH subunit B(LDHB),and LDH subunit C(LDHC)encode three different subunits of *** encodes the LDHB subunit present as a tetramer in LDH isoenzyme 1(LDH-1).We examined three datasets with 203 samples of normal testis tissue(NT)and TGCT type *** sac tumor(YST)expressed RNA of AFP fourteen thousand times higher than seminoma(SE),embryonal carcinoma(EC),and teratoma(TER)combined(P=0.00015).In the second microarray,choriocarcinoma(CC)expressed RNA of CGB5 ten times higher than other histologic types of TGCT *** expressed RNA of LDHB twice higher than SE,YST and TER combined(P=0.000041).EC expressed RNA of LDHB higher than that YST expressed RNA of AFP and that CC expressed RNA of *** conclusion,TGCT type 2 expressed RNA of LDHB markedly higher than the RNA of 23 other candidate genes for TGCT type 2.

关键词： alpha fetoprotein gene regulation human chorionic gonadotropin lactate dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes testicular germ cell tumors