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A model-based approximate λ-policy iteration approach to online evasive path planning and the video game ***-Man

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第3期9卷 391-399页

作者： Greg FODERARO Vikram raju silvia FERRARI Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials science Duke University

This paper presents a model-based approximate λ-policy iteration approach using temporal differences for optimizing paths online for a pursuit-evasion problem,where an agent must visit several target positions within a region of interest while simultaneously avoiding one or more actively pursuing *** method is relevant to applications,such as robotic path planning,mobile-sensor applications,and path *** methodology described utilizes cell decomposition to construct a decision tree and implements a temporal difference-based approximate λ-policy iteration to combine online learning with prior knowledge through modeling to achieve the objectives of minimizing the risk of being caught by an adversary and maximizing a reward associated with visiting target *** learning and frequent decision tree updates allow the algorithm to quickly adapt to unexpected movements by the adversaries or dynamic *** approach is illustrated through a modified version of the video game ***-Man,which is shown to be a benchmark example of the pursuit-evasion *** results show that the approach presented in this paper outperforms several other methods as well as most human players.

关键词： Approximate dynamic programming Reinforcement learning Path planning Pursuit evasion games

In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of Indigofera cassioides ***. DC.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第5期4卷 379-385页

作者： raju senthil Kumar Balasubramanian Rajkapoor Perumal Perumal Natural Products Laboratory Swamy Vivekanandha College of PharmacyTiruchengoduTamilnaduIndia Department of Pharmacology Dayanandha Sagar College of PharmacyBangaloreIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry JKK Nataraja College of PharmacyKomarapalayamTamilnaduIndia

Objective:To evaluate the antitumor,cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides(MEIC) against transplantable tumors and human cancer cell ***:MEIC was investigated for its short term cytotoxicity on EAC and DLA cells by trypan blue dye exclusion method and in vitro cytotoxicity on HeLa,HEp-2,HEpG-2,MCF-7, HT-29,Vero and NIH 3T3 cells by MTT *** vivo antitumor activity was studied on EAC and DLA tumor bearing *** was assessed by monitoring the mean survival time,effect on hematological parameters,antioxidant enzyme levels and solid tumor ***:MEIC exhibit potent in vitro cytotoxicity against all the tested cancer cell lines,but it was found to be safe on normal *** extract significantly(Pse the mean survival time and also have a protective effect on the hemopoietic system at the tested dose levels(200 and 400 mg/kg). The extract prevented lipid peroxidation and restored the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase in the liver of tumor control *** also significandy(Psolid tumor ***:The results strongly support that MEIC shows potent antitumor and cytotoxic effects against EAC,DLA and human cancer cell *** extract prevents lipid peroxidation and promotes the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in tumor bearing animals which might be due to activities like scavenging of free radicals by the phytochemicals in MEIC.

关键词： Indigofera cassioides Cytotoxicity Antitumor Antioxidant Mean survival time Hematological parameters solid tumor volume

Beneficiation of an Indian non-coking coal by column flotation

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International Journal of Coal science & Technology 2016年第2期3卷 206-214页

作者： N. Vasumathi T. V. Vijaya Kumar s. Ratchambigai s. subba Rao s. Prabhakar G. Bhaskar raju CsIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory Madras Centre CSIR Madras Complex Taramani Chennai 600 113 India

Beneficiation of non-coking coal is gaining ground in India. It not only reduces the volume of inert content to be transported to the power plant and also lowers the wear in the boiler houses. For special applications such as the fuel for integrated gasification combined cycle plant （IGCC）, the ash content in the coal should preferably be below 15 %. Indian coals are characterized by high inter-grown ash content mainly due to ＇drift origin＇ of Gondwana formation in Permian age. This warrants fine grinding of non-coking coal in order to liberate the ash forming minerals from coal macerals. A non- coking coal sample of vitrinite type from India was ground to 44 ~tm （dso） and subjected to column flotation to improve its quality. The non-coking coal analyzing 34.6 % ash, 26.2 % volatile matter, 1.3 % moisture and 37.9 % fixed carbon could be upgraded to a concentrate/froth of 14.83 % ash at 72.18 % yield by optimizing collector and frother dosages and flotation column operating parameters, namely, froth depth, superficial feed velocity and superficial air velocity. The concentrate produced by this process is suitable as fuel for IGCC in coal-to-electricity route.

关键词： Non-coking coal Washability Beneficiation Column flotation Coal gasification

Comparing crystal structures with symmetry and geometry

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1491-1501页

作者： John C.Thomas Anirudh raju Natarajan Anton Van der Ven Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Measuring the similarity between two arbitrary crystal structures is a common challenge in crystallography and materials *** there are an infinite number of ways to mathematically relate two crystal structures,only a few are physically *** we introduce both a geometry-based and a symmetry-adapted similarity metric to compare crystal *** crystal symmetry and combinatorial optimization we describe an algorithm to arrive at the structural relationship that minimizes these similarity metrics across all possible maps between any pair of crystal *** approach makes it possible to(i)identify pairs of crystal structures that are identical,(ii)quantitatively measure the similarity between crystal structures,and(iii)find and rank structural transformation pathways between any pair of crystal *** discuss the advantages of using the symmetryadapted cost metric over the geometric ***,we show that all known structural transformation pathways between common crystal structures are recovered with the mapping *** methodology presented in this study will be of value to efforts that seek to catalogue crystal structures,identify structural transformation pathways or prune large first-principles datasets used to parameterize on-lattice Hamiltonians.

关键词： crystal symmetry similarity

Catalytic decomposition of CH_4 over Ni-Al_2O_3-siO_2 catalysts:Influence of pretreatment conditions for the production of H_2

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2008年第2期17卷 113-119页

作者： Jangam Ashok Gangadhara raju Padigapati shiva Reddy Machiraju subrahmanyam Akula Venugopal Catalysis and Physical Chemistry Division Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyTarnakaHyderabadIndia-500 607

This article reports the production of COx free hydrogen and carbon nanofibers by the catalytic decomposition of methane over Ni-Al2O3-siO2 catalysts. The influence of reaction temperature, pretreatment temperature, and effect of reductive pretreatment on the decomposition of methane activity is investigated. The physico-chemical characteristics of fresh and deactivated samples were characterized using BET-sA, XRD, TPR, sEM/TEM, CHNs analyses and correlated with the methane decomposition results obtained. The Ni-Al-si （4 ： 0.5 ： 1.5） catalyst reduced with hydrazine hydrate produced better H2 yields of ca. 1815 mol H2/mol Ni than the catalyst reduced with 5% H2/N2.

关键词： in situ reduction Ni-Al2O3-siO2 catalyst methane decomposition hydrogen production carbon nanofibers

structural,morphological,optical and antibacterial performances of rare earth(sm)-doped ZnO nanorods

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第11期42卷 2119-2127,I0005页

作者： A.Ravi J.samuel s.sahaya Jude Dhas s.Usharani Turibius simon D.senthil Kumar s.K.Jasmin Vijitha A.sivakumar raju suresh Kumar C.s.Biju Department of Physics University College of EngineeringKancheepuram631552TamilnaduIndia Department of Physics and Research Centre Malankara Catholic CollegeMariagiri629153TamilnaduIndia Manonmaniam sundaranar University Abishekapatti627012TirunelveliTamilnaduIndia saveetha school of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiTamil Nadu602105India Department of Chemistry S.I.V.E.T CollegeGowrivakkamChennai600073TamilnaduIndia Department of Biotechnology Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Woman(Autonomous)Elayampalam637205TiruchengodeNamakkalTamilnaduIndia Department of Physics Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyAvadiChennai600062India Department of Physics&Research Centre Muslim Arts CollegeThiruvithancode629174TamilnaduIndia Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure study of the Earth's Interior Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550081China Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Physics St.Alphonsa College of Arts and ScienceSoosaipuramKarinkal629157Tamil NaduIndia

The significant rise of ultra-violet(UV) radiation and pathogenic infectious bacteria poses a serious threat to global *** researchers' interests are attracted by novel materials with strong UVblocking ability,antibacterial activity and low toxicity to other *** this case,a simple wet chemical method with different annealing temperatures(400,500,and 600℃) was employed to create highly effective rare earth(sm)-doped ZnO ***(101) plane of wurtzite ZnO shifts towards a lower angle with increasing annealing temperature,according to the X-ray diffraction(XRD) study findings,which additionally establishes the consequence of lattice *** of doublet peaks of sm 3d(sm 3d_(5/2) and sm 3d_(3/2)) in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs) spectrum clearly validates the substitution of sm^(3+) ions in the 500℃-annealed *** 500℃-annealed nanorods exhibit combined performances of the wide band gap,improved UV absorbance,and vivid green luminescent emission(563 nm).Additio nally,the nanorods have favorable UV-blocking execution of 96% for UVA at 360 nm,92% for UVB at 320 nm,and 57% for UVC at 225 nm,which is greater than the majority of ZnO-related materials that have been reported up to this *** doping is also appropriate for improving bacterial inhibition against the two studied strains(Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus),in addition to the intriguing features discussed ***,with maximum inhibition zone diameters of 20±0.72 and 18±0.57 mm,respectively,these nanorods exhibit high inhibitory action against *** and *** bacterial *** rare earth-doped material developed during the current experiment,which was annealed at 500℃,could potentially serve as an effective replacement for UV-blocking and antibacterial material,especially for biomedical applications.

关键词： Wet chemical method Rare earth doping Metal oxide UV-shielding Bacterial inhibition

氧化铝负载的银纳米颗粒高选择性催化合成亚胺(英)

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催化学报 2014年第5期35卷 670-676页

作者： Jerrik Mielby raju Poreddy Christian Engelbrekt sΦren Kegns DTU Chemistry Technical University of Denmark

The oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols to aldehydes catalyzed by Ag nanoparticles supported on Al_2O_3 was *** catalyst promoted the direct formation of imines by tandem oxidative dehydrogenation and condensation of alcohols and *** reactions were performed under mild conditions and afforded the imines in high yield(up to 99%) without any byproducts other than H_*** highest activity was obtained over 5 wt%Ag/Al_2O_3 in toluene with air as *** reactions were also performed under oxidant-free conditions where the reaction was driven to the product side by the production of H_2 in the gas *** use of an efficient and selective Ag catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohol in the presence of amines gives a new green reaction protocol for imine synthesis.

关键词：银纳米颗粒银催化亚胺氧化铝负载氧化脱氢 Al2O3 直接生成

Nano–Bio Interactions of Extracellular Vesicles with Gold Nanoislands for Early Cancer Diagnosis

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Research 2018年第1期2018卷 105-114页

作者： s.Bathini D.raju s.Badilescu A.Kumar R.J.Ouellette A.Ghosh M.Packirisamy Optical Bio-Microsystems Laboratory Department of Mechanical Industrial and Aerospace EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealCanada Atlantic Cancer Research Institute MonctonNew BrunswickCanada

Extracellular vesicles or exosomes are membrane encapsulated biological nanometric particles secreted virtually by all types of cells throughout the animal *** carry a cargo of active molecules to proximal and distal cells of the body as mechanism of physiological communication,to maintain natural homeostasis as well as pathological *** carry a tremendous potential for liquid biopsy and therapeutic ***,there is a global demand for simple and robust exosome isolation methods amenable to point-of-care diagnosis and quality control of therapeutic exosome *** can be achieved by molecular profling of the exosomes for use with specifc sets of molecular-markers for diagnosis and quality *** biopsy is undoubtedly the most promising diagnosis process to advance“personalized medicine.”Currently,liquid biopsy is based on circulating cancer cells,cell free-DNA,or *** potentially provide promise for early-stage diagnostic possibility;in order to facilitate superior diagnosis and isolation of exosomes,a novel platform is developed to detect and capture them,based on localized surface plasmon resonance(LsPR)of gold nanoislands,through strong afnity between exosomes and peptide called Venceremin or *** modeling,based on the characteristics of the gold nanoislands and the bioentities involved in the sensing,is also developed to determine the detection capability of the platform,which is optimized experimentally at each *** results and modeling present a relationship between the plasmonic shif and the concentration of exosomes and,essentially,indicate possibilities for label-free early diagnosis.

关键词： diagnosis carry doubt

How does the stand structure of treeline-forming species shape the treeline ecotone in different regions of the Nepal Himalayas?

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Journal of Mountain science 2020年第10期17卷 2354-2368页

作者： Parveen K.CHHETRI raju BIsTA Krishna B.sHREsTHA Department of Earth science and Geography California State UniversityDominguez HillsCarsonCalifornia90747USA Department of Biological sciences University of BergenPO Box 7803N-5020BergenNorway

stand structure dynamics are considered as major happenings in any forest as a response to environmental ***,this important topic is underrepresented in the treeline studies in the Nepal *** aimed to investigate site-as well as species-specific changes in morphometric features(basal diameter,crown cover,density,and height)along the elevational gradient across treeline ecotones in response to recent environmental *** stand structure characteristics of Abies spectabilis,Pinus wallichiana,and Betula utilis across the treeline ecotone of three study sites in Eastern(Barun),Central(Manang),and Western(Dhorpatan)Nepal were analyzed to elucidate structural ***,eight transects(20 m×(60–250 m))across the treeline ecotone were *** of all life forms,trees(>2 m),saplings(0.5–2 m),and seedlings(sect were enumerated and sampled for the morphometric features and ***-specific and species-specific stand structure dynamics were *** rate of basal area increment was higher in Barun,but the Manang treeline,despite profound regeneration in recent years,had a low annual basal area ***,the altitudinal distribution of age and morphometry were not consistent among those ***,intra-specific competition was not *** site-specific stand structure dynamics explain why treelines do not respond uniformly to increasing *** invokes,in further studies,the incorporation of the tree’s morphometric adaptation traits,phenotypic plasticity,and interactions between species genotype and the environment.

关键词： Climate change Morphometry Nepal Himalayas stand structure Treeline Tree-rings