This paper provides insight into the wing kinematics,the power requirement and the dynamic stability characteristics of a hawkmoth model in vertically ascending *** wing kinematics of the hawkmoth model is obtained ba...
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This paper provides insight into the wing kinematics,the power requirement and the dynamic stability characteristics of a hawkmoth model in vertically ascending *** wing kinematics of the hawkmoth model is obtained based on the minimum required power *** optimization process is conducted using genetic and simplex algorithms that are coupled with an artificial neural network to rapidly predict the aerodynamic force and required *** training data for the neural network are generated from an unsteady vortex-lattice *** to hover,the results in this study show the larger flapping frequency and the smaller rotation amplitude of the hawkmoth wing kinematics in ascending ***,more power is required when the ascending speed *** conducting a dynamic modal analysis based on a cycle-average approach,the certain effect of the ascending speed on the modal structures of the hawkmoth model was observed.
An updraft gasifier was employed to treat 3 kg of dried rice husk per batch with different types of gasifying agents such as air,steam/air,and air with dolomite catalyst addition at various operating *** H2 content,lo...
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An updraft gasifier was employed to treat 3 kg of dried rice husk per batch with different types of gasifying agents such as air,steam/air,and air with dolomite catalyst addition at various operating *** H2 content,low heating value,and H2/CO ratio in syngas were compared to determine the most effective solution to enhance the H2 production from rice husk *** presence of dolomite in air gasification produced the highest H2 content in the product gas,up to 15.4 mol%,followed by 7.08 and 3.6 mol%when steam/air and air standalone were used as gasifying agents,*** higher low heating value of syngas 5.1 MJ/Nm3 was observed in catalytic air gasification compared to 3.6 MJ/Nm3 when steam was *** optimal operation condition was reported at an airflow rate of 3 m3/h and a catalyst mixing ratio of 15%.
Background:Access to clean and safe drinking water that is free from pathogenic protozoan parasites,especially Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia that cause gastrointestinal illness in humans,is still an issue...
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Background:Access to clean and safe drinking water that is free from pathogenic protozoan parasites,especially Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia that cause gastrointestinal illness in humans,is still an issue in Southeast Asia(SEA).This study is the first attempt to detect the aforementioned protozoan parasites in water samples from countries in SEA,using real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)***:A total of 221 water samples of 10 l each were collected between April and October 2013 from Malaysia(53),Thailand(120),the Philippines(33),and Vietnam(15).A physicochemical analysis was *** water samples were processed in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s methods 1622/1623.1,microscopically observed and subsequently screened using qPCR ***:Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in treated water samples from the Philippines(1/10),with a concentration of 0.06±0.19 oocyst/L,and untreated water samples from Thailand(25/93),Malaysia(17/44),and the Philippines(11/23),with concentrations ranging from 0.13±0.18 to 0.57±1.41 oocyst/*** cysts were found in treated water samples from the Philippines(1/10),with a concentration of 0.02±0.06 cyst/L,and in untreated water samples from Thailand(20/93),Vietnam(5/10),Malaysia(22/44),and the Philippines(16/23),with concentrations ranging from 0.12±0.3 to 8.90±19.65 cyst/*** pathogens *** and *** were detected using using qPCR assays by targeting the 138-bp fragment and the small subunit gene,*** was detected in untreated water samples from the Philippines(1/23)and Malaysia(2/44),whilst,*** detected was detected in treated water samples from the Philippines(1/10)and in untreated water samples from Thailand(21/93),Malaysia(12/44),and the Philippines(17/23).Nitrate concentration was found to have a high positive correlation with(oo)cyst(0.993).Conclusion:The presence of(oo)cysts in the water samples means that there is potential risk for
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