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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2339-2340页

作者： valerie m.k.verge Nataliya Tokarska Justin m.Naniong Department of Anatomy Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Cameco mS Neuroscience Research Center University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

multiple sclerosis(mS)is a debilitating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by immune-mediated segmental demyelination and variable degrees of axonal and neuronal degeneration that contribute to *** efficient and effective repair programs following demyelination is a major goal and challenge in *** mS therapies focus largely on modulating the immune aspects of the disease contributing to *** this alleviates some symptoms and mitigates damage,it does not tackle the fundamental challenge of effective remyelination,which few mS patients experience,especially in the progressive phase of the disease.

关键词： sclerosis degeneration damage

When the left side knows something happened to the right–sensing injury in neurons contralateral and remote to injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1854-1855页

作者： valerie m.k.verge Jovan C.D.Hasmatali Vikram misra Department of Anatomy Physiology and PharmacologyCameco MS Neuroscience Research CenterUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada Department of Critical Care medicine Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada Department of Veterinary microbiology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada

How sensory neurons encode axonal injury signals has been a longstanding area of neurological *** into the cellular and transcriptional changes in the injured neurons have driven many new therapeutic strategies to improve *** contrast,less focus has been centered on the systemic or transneuronal changes that may arise from these injuries and how they may impact or factor into the alterations in gene expression,physiology and neuropathology,such as mirror image pain,arising in regions either directly contralateral or those remote to the injury *** in this area is clinically *** patients with chronic unilateral pain due to multiple pathologies,many of which involve nerve trauma,there is a very high incidence of bilateral sensory abnormalities reported with 33–50%of patients with mechanical abnormalities reporting contralateral sensory abnormalities(konopka et al.,2012).This has implications when evaluating sensory abnormalities or pain states in patients,as the contralateral side is often used as the non-affected ***,the bilateral nature of these sensory abnormalities,albeit usually less severe on the contralateral side,support that a systemic or central nervous system component is involved in this aspect of the *** highlights the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying these bilateral responses as this will likely impact therapeutic treatments for these patients.

关键词： injuries injury something

Brief electrical nerve stimulation enhances intrinsic repair capacity of the focally demyelinated central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 1042-1050页

作者： Lydia Ayanwuyi Nataliya Tokarska Nikki A.mcLean Jayne m.Johnston valerie m.k.verge Department of Anatomy Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Cameco mS Neuroscience Research Center University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Our lab has shown that brief electrical nerve stimulation(ES)has a dramatic impact on remyelination of lysophosphatidyl choline(LPC)-induced focally demyelinated rat peripheral nerves,while also inducing an axon-protective phenotype and shifting macrophages from a predominantly pro-inflammatory toward a pro-repair *** this same potential exists in the central nervous system is not ***,for proof of principle studies,the peripheral nerve demyelination and ES model was adapted to the central nervous system,whereby a unilateral focal LPC-induced demyelination of the dorsal column at the lumbar enlargement where the sciatic nerve afferents enter was created,so that subsequent ipsilateral sciatic nerve ES results in increased neural activity in the demyelinated *** reveal a robust focal demyelination at 7 days post-LPC *** of 1-hour ES at 7 days post-LPC polarizes macrophages/microglia toward a pro-repair phenotype when examined at 14 days post-LPC;results in smaller LPC-associated regions of inflammation compared to non-stimulated controls;results in significantly more cells of the oligodendroglial lineage in the demyelinated region;elevates myelin basic protein levels;and shifts the paranodal protein Caspr along demyelinated axons to a more restricted distribution,consistent with reformation of the paranodes of the nodes of *** also significantly enhanced levels of phosphorylated neurofilaments detected in the zones of demyelination,which has been shown to confer axon *** these findings support that strategies that increase neural activity,such as brief electrical stimulation,can be beneficial for promoting intrinsic repair following focal demyelinating insults in demyelinating diseases such as multiple *** animal procedures performed were approved by the University of Saskatchewan's Animal Research Ethics Board(protocol#20090087;last approval date:November 5,2020).

关键词： axon protection demyelination immune response lysophosphatidyl choline macrophage microglia multiple sclerosis myelin nervous system repair neural activity polarization

Integrating beneficiaries into assessment of ecosystem services from managed forests at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,USA

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第4期3卷 243-257页

作者： Jesse Caputo Colin m.Beier valerie A.Luzadis Peter m.Groffman SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management Syracuse NY 13210 USA Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook 12545 NY USA

Background：Forests contribute to human wellbeing through the provision of important ecosystem ***：In this study,we investigated how the perceived importance of ecosystem services may impact the overall benefit provided by managed watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest over a 45-year period,using standardized measures of service capacity weighted by service importance weights derived from a survey of ***：The capacity of watersheds to regulate water flow and quality was high in all watersheds throughout the study period,whereas cultural services such as scenic beauty declined after *** on greenhouse gas regulation depended on the efficiency with which harvested biomass was *** revealed that stakeholders placed high value on all ecosystem services,with regulating and cultural services seen as more important than provisioning *** service metrics were weighted by survey responses and aggregated into a single measure,total service provision followed the same overall trend as greenhouse gas *** biomass use was less efficient in terms of greenhouse gas emissions,harvesting resulted in an overall ＂ecosystem service debt＂;where use was more efficient,this ＂ecosystem service debt＂ was ***＇ educational backgrounds significantly affected overall assessment of service *** with college or university degrees incurred smaller ＂ecosystem service debts＂ and were less negatively affected by harvesting ***：This study highlights the importance of including empirical measures of beneficiary preference when attempting to quantify overall provision of ecosystem services to human beneficiaries over time.

关键词： Ecosystem services Forests Long-term ecological research Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Regulating services

User-centered development and performance assessment of a modular full-body exoskeleton (AXO-SUIT)

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Biomimetic Intelligence & Robotics 2022年第2期2卷 9-16页

作者： Shaoping Bai m.R.Islam valerie Power Leonard OŚullivan Department of materials and Production Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark School of Design Health Research Institute and CONFIRM Smart Manufacturing CentreUniversity of LimerickIreland

This paper presents the design and preliminary performance assessment of a full-body assistive exoskeleton(AXO-SUIT)for older ***-SUIT is a system that consists of separate lower-body and upper-body modular exoskeletons,which can be combined to form a full-body system to provide flexible physical assistance as *** full-body exoskeleton comprises 27 degrees of freedom(dof),of which 17 are passive and 10 *** can assist people in walking,standing,carrying and handling tasks.A user-centered design approach was adopted throughout the development of the *** paper describes the design process of AXOSUIT,involving a review of user needs,a kinematic and kinetic motion study,and innovative system *** with the developed systems were conducted on selected end-user subjects,covering both performance evaluations at different levels and useability ***-user testing results show the effectiveness of the exoskeleton in providing flexible physical assistance.

关键词： Exoskeletons Physical assistance for the elderly User-centered design Performance assessment

Chemical Hide and Seek: Nematode’s Journey to Its Plant Host

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molecular Plant 2020年第4期13卷 541-543页

作者： Natalie Hamada Henok Zemene Yimer valerie m.Williamson Shahid Siddique Department of Entomology&Nematology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of Plant Pathology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA

Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens,causing estimated damage of more than US$100 billion per *** expert-based assessment of crop health listed nematodes as among the most damaging pests and pathogens in potato,soybean,and wheat crops(Savary et al.,2019).most damage is caused by a small group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasitic nematodes including cyst nematodes and rootknot nematodes(RkNs).Second-stage juveniles(J2s)of plantparasitic nematodes hatch from eggs into the soil and localize to the roots of host *** success of these non-feeding J2s depends on their ability to locate and infect a suitable *** attraction of plant-parasitic nematodes to the host root has been a subject of study for the past 80 years following the pioneering research that demonstrated the attraction of RkN specifically toward root tips(Lindford,1939).Both volatile and soluble components in the rhizosphere have been shown to influence nematode movement.

关键词： soybean crops soil

Sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke:clinical relevance and management strategies for the neurologist

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第3期7卷 258-266页

作者： kevin C J Yuen valerie Sharf Elizabeth Smith minhwan kim Alissya S m Yuen Paul R macDonald Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA University of Arizona College of medicine and Creighton School of medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA midwestern University GlendaleIllinoisUSA Creighton University School of medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA University of California Davis DavisCaliforniaUSA

Sodium and water perturbations,manifesting as hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,are common in patients who had an acute stroke,and are associated with worse outcomes and increased *** non-stroke related causes of sodium and water perturbations in these patients include underlying comorbidities and concomitant ***,hospitalised patients who had an acute stroke may receive excessive intravenous hypotonic solutions,have poor fluid intake due to impaired neurocognition and consciousness,may develop sepsis or are administered drugs(eg,mannitol);factors that can further alter serum sodium *** and water perturbations can also be exacerbated by the development of endocrine consequences after an acute stroke,including secondary adrenal insufficiency,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and diabetes ***,COVID-19 infection has been reported to increase the risk of development of sodium and water perturbations that may further worsen the outcomes of patients who had an acute *** there are currently no accepted consensus guidelines on the management of sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke,we conducted a systematic review of the literature published in English and in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and December 2020,according to PRISmA guidelines,to assess on the current knowledge and clinical practices of this *** this review,we discuss the signs and symptoms of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,the pathogenesis of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,their clinical relevance,and we provide our recommendations for effective treatment strategies for the neurologist in the management of sodium and water perturbations in commonly encountered aetiologies of patients who had an acute stroke.

关键词： patients impaired consequences

Guidance for use of weights: an analysis of different types of weights and their implications when using SAS PROCs

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General Psychiatry 2019年第1期32卷 49-55页

作者： Sabrina Richardson Tuo Lin Yangyi Li Xiaohui Niu manfei Xu valerie Stander Xin m Tu The Henry m.Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of military medicine Inc BethesdaMarylandUnited States military Population Health Naval Health Research CenterSan DiegoCaUnited States Clinical and Translational Research Institute University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA School of mathematical and Statistical Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA College of Informatics Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina Shanghai mental Health Center Medical CollegeShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

SAS and other popular statistical packages provide support for survey data with sampling weights. For example, PROC mEANS and PROC LOGISTIC in SAS have their counterparts PROC SURVEYmEANS and PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC to facilitate analysis of data from complex survey studies. On the other hand, PROC mEANS and many other classic SAS procedures also provide an option for including weights and yield identical point estimates, but different standard errors (SEs), as their corresponding survey procedures. This paper takes an in-depth look at different types of weights and provides guidance on use of different SAS procedures.

关键词： Guidance use of weights analysis

Neurosurgical treatment for addiction: lessons from an untold story in China and a path forward

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National Science Review 2020年第3期7卷 702-712页

作者： Shuo ma Chencheng Zhang Ti-fei Yuan Douglas Steele valerie Voon Bomin Sun Department of Functional Neurosurgery Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Division of Imaging Science and Technology Medical School University of Dundee Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge

Addiction is a major public-health crisis associated with significant disability and mortality. Although various pharmacological and behavioral treatments are currently available, the clinical efficacy of these treatments is limited. Given this situation, there is a growing interest in finding an effective neurosurgical treatment for addiction. First, we discuss the use of ablative surgery in treating addiction. We focus on the rise and fall of nucleus accumbens ablation for addiction in China. Subsequently, we review recent studies that have explored the efficacy and safety of deep-brain-stimulation treatment for addiction. We conclude that neurosurgical procedures, particularly deep-brain stimulation, have a potentially valuable role in the management of otherwise intractable addictive disorders. Larger well-controlled clinical trials, however, are needed to assess clinical efficacy and safety. We end by discussing several key issues involved in this clinical field and identifying some areas of progress.

关键词： drug addiction psychosurgery ablative surgery deep-brain stimulation medical ethics

Landscape distribution of food and nesting sites affect larval diet and nest size, but not abundance of Osmia bicornis

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 746-753页

作者： valerie Coudrain Sarah Rittiner Felix Herzog Willy Tinner martin H. Entling Research Station ART Zurich CH-8046 Switzerland Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern CH-3012 Switzerland Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz-Landau LandaulPfalz D-76829 Germany Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of Bern Bern CH-3013 Switzerland

Habitat fragmentation is a major threat for beneficial organisms and the ecosys- tem services they provide. multiple-habitat users such as wild bees depend on both nesting and foraging habitat. Thus, they may be affected by the fragmentation of at least two habitat types. We investigated the effects of landscape-scale amount of and patch isolation from both nesting habitat （woody plants） and foraging habitat （specific pollen sources） on the abundance and diet of Osmia bicornis L. Trap-nests of O. bicornis were studied in 30 agricultural landscapes of the Swiss Plateau. Nesting and foraging habitats were mapped in a radius of 500 m around the sites. Pollen composition of larval diet changed as isolation to the main pollen source, Ranunculus, increased, suggesting that （9. bicornis adapted its foraging strategy in function of the nest proximity to main pollen sources. Abundance of O. bicornis was neither related to isolation or amount of nesting habitat nor to isolation or abundance of food plants. Surprisingly, nests ofO. bicornis contained fewer larvae in sites at forest edge compared to isolated sites, possibly due to higher parasitism risk. This study indicates that O. bicornis can nest in a variety of situations by compensating scarcity of its main larval food by exploiting alternative food sources.

关键词： diet fragmentation habitat amount habitat isolation Hymenoptera megachilidae pollen analysis