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Vehicular emissions and concentrations in school zones: A case study

Journal of Central South University 2016年第7期23卷 1778-1785页

作者： ALZUHAIRI Ali ALDHAHERI Mustafa 孙湛博 OH Jun-Seok kwigizile valerian Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Western Michigan University School of Transportation and Logistics Southwest Jiaotong University

Recent research has revealed that human exposure to air pollutants such as CO, NO_x, and particulates can lead to respiratory diseases, especially among school-age children. Towards understanding such health impacts, this work estimates local-scale vehicular emissions and concentrations near a highway traffic network, where a school zone is located in. In the case study, VISSIM traffic micro-simulation is used to estimate the source of vehicular emissions at each roadway segment. The local-scale emission sources are then used as inputs to the California line source dispersion model(CALINE4) to estimate concentrations across the study area. To justify the local-scale emissions modeling approach, the simulation experiment is conducted under various traffic conditions. Different meteorological conditions are considered for emission dispersion. The work reveals that emission concentrations are usually higher at locations closer to the congested segments, freeway ramps and major arterial intersections. Compared to the macroscopic estimation(i.e. using network-average emission factors), the results show significantly different emission patterns when the local-scale emission modeling approach is used. In particular, it is found that the macroscopic approach over-estimates emission concentrations at freeways and under-estimations are observed at arterials and local streets. The results of the study can be used to compare to the US environmental protection agency(EPA) standards or any other air quality standard to further identify health risk in a fine-grained manner.

关键词： human health vehicular emissions VISSIM microscopic simulation California line source dispersion model(CALINE4) local-scale modeling

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Impacts of automated passenger cars on the capacity of a freeway basic section: applicability in the determination of vehicle adjustment factors in mixed traffic

Digital Transportation and Safety

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Digital Transportation and Safety 2023年第4期2卷 298-307页

作者： Sia M.Lyimo valerian kwigizile Jun-Seok Oh Zachary D.Asher Graduate Transportation Engineer Progressive AE18114 Mile Rd NEGrand RapidsMI 49525USA Civil and Construction Engineering Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooMI 49008USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooMI 49008USA

The highway capacity manual(HCM)provides a formula to calculate the heavy vehicle adjustment factor(fHV)as a function of passenger car equivalent factors for the heavy vehicle(ET).However,a significant drawback is that the methodology was established solely based on human-driven passenger cars(HDPC)and human-driven heavy vehicles(HDHV).Due to automated passenger cars(APCs),a new adjustment factor(fAV)might be *** study simulated traffic flows at different percentages of HDHVs and APCs to investigate the impacts of HDHVs and APCs on freeway capacity by analyzing their influence on fHV and fAV *** simulation determined observed adjustment factors at different percentages of HDHVs and APCs(fobserved).The HCM formula was used to calculate(fHCM).Modifications to the HCM formula are proposed,and vehicle adjustment factors due to HDHVs and APCs were calculated(fproposed).Results showed that,in the presence of APCs,while fobserved and fHCM were statistically significantly different,fobserved and fproposed were statistically ***,this study recommends using the proposed formula when determining vehicle adjustment factors(fproposed)due to HDHVs and APCs in the traffic stream.

关键词： Connected and automated vehicles Adjustment factors Passenger car equivalent factors Automated passenger cars Freeway operation

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Piezoelectric resonant ice protection systems–Part1/2:Prediction of power requirement for de-icing a NACA 0024 leading edge

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 92-103页

作者： valerian PALANQUE Jason POTHIN Vale′rie POMMIER-BUDINGER Marc BUDINGER Institut Clement Ader University of ToulouseINSAISAE-SUPAEROMINES ALBIUPSCNRSToulouse 31055France ISAE-SUPAERO University of Toulouse10 Avenue Edouard BelinToulouse 31055France

This paper proposes a numerical method to analyze the ice protection capability and predict the power requirements of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing *** method is based on a coupled electro-mechanical finite element analysis which enables the fast computation of the modes of resonance of interest to de-ice curved surfaces and the estimation of the input voltage and current required for a given configuration(defined by its mode,actuator location,ice deposit,etc.).Eventually,the electric power to be supplied can be also *** method is applied to a NACA 0024 leading edge equipped with piezoelectric ***,two extension modes are analyzed and compared with respect to their efficiency and power ***,tests are carried out in an icing tunnel to verify the effectiveness of the piezoelectric ice protection system and the predictions of the maximal required *** system allows de-icing the leading edge in less than 2 s for a glaze ice deposit.

关键词： Ice protection system Piezoelectric Resonance mode Ice fracture Leading edge de-icing

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Piezoelectric resonant ice protection systems-Part 2/2:Evaluation of benefits at aircraft level

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 50-63页

作者： valerian PALANQUE Thomas PLANES Pommier-Budinger VALERIE Budinger MARC Delbecq SCOTT Institut Clement Ader(ICA) INSAISAE-SUPAEROMINES ALBIUPSCNRSUniversity of Toulouse31400 ToulouseFrance Federation ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA University of Toulouse31400 ToulouseFrance

Piezoelectric resonant de-icing systems are attracting great *** paper aims to assess the implementation of these systems at the aircraft *** article begins with the model to compute the power requirement of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system sized from the prototype detailed in Part 1/2 of this *** the mass,drag,and fuel consumption of this system and the subcomponents needed for its implementation are *** features of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system are finally computed for aircraft similar to Airbus A320 aircraft and aircraft of different categories(Boeing 787,ATR 72 and TBM 900)and compared with the existing thermal and mechanical ice protection systems.A sensitivity analysis of the main key sizing parameters of the piezoelectric de-icing system is also performed to identify the main axes of improvement for this *** study shows the potential of such ice protection *** particular,for the realistic input parameters chosen in this work,the electro-mechanical solution can provide a 54% reduction in terms of mass and a 92% reduction in terms of power consumption for an A320 aircraft architecture,leading to a 74% decrease in the associated fuel consumption compared to the actual air bleed system.

关键词： Ice protection system De-icing Piezoelectric Electro-mechanical system Power Fuel consumption

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Cancer immunotherapy with envelopedself-amplifying mRNA CARG-2020 thatmodulates IL-12,IL-17 and PD-L1 pathways toprevent tumor recurrence

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 335-349页

作者： Ju Chen Bhaskara Reddy Madina Elham Ahmadi Timur Olegovich Yarovinsky Marie Marthe Krady Eileen Victoria Meehan Isabella China Wang Xiaoyang Ye Elise Pitmon Xian-Yong Ma Bijan Almassian valerian Nakaar Kepeng Wang Department of Immunology School of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA CaroGen Corporation FarmingtonCT 06030USA The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineFoshan 528000China The Loomis Chaffee School WindsorCT 06095USA

Targeting multiple immune mechanisms may overcome therapy resistance and further improve cancer immunotherapy for ***,we describe the application of virus-like vesicles(VLV)for delivery of three immunomodulators alone and in combination,as a promising approach for cancer *** vectors were designed to deliver single chain interleukin(IL)-12,shorthairpin RNA(shRNA)targeting programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1),and a dominant-negative form of IL-17 receptor A(dn-IL17RA)as a single payload or as a combination *** delivery of the VLV vector expressing IL-12 alone,as well as the trivalent vector(designated CARG-2020)eradicated large established ***,only CARG-2020 prevented tumor recurrence and provided long-term survival benefit to the tumor-bearing mice,indicating a benefit of the combined *** abscopal effects of CARG-2020 on the non-injected contralateral tumors,as well as protection from the tumor cell re-challenge,suggest immune-mediated mechanism of protection and establishment of immunological ***,CARG-2020 potently activates Th1 immune mechanisms and inhibits expression of genes related to T cell exhaustion and cancer-promoting *** ability of CARG-2020 to prevent tumor recurrence and to provide survival benefit makes it a promising candidate for its development for human cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Virus-like vesicles Oncolytic virus IL-12 IL-17 PD-L1 T cell exhaustion Combination therapy Cancer immunotherapy

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Strength and Toughness of Steel Fibre Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete Under Blast Loading

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2006年第B9期12卷 70-74页

作者： KUZNETSOV valerian A REBENTROST Mark WASCHL John Weapons Systems Division DSTOEdinburgh SA 5111Australia VSL Australia Noble Park VIC 3174Australia

The blast resistance of structures used in buildings needs to be investigated due to the increased threat of a terrorist attack. The damage done by Composition B or Powergel to steel fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete （SFRPC） panels and ordinary reinforced concrete （RC） panels of equivalent static flexural strength is compared. A 0. 5 kg charge was detonated at a distance of 0. 1 m from the 1. 3 m × 1. 0 m × 0. 1 m （thick） panels, which were simply supported and spaning 1.3 m. Dynamic displacement measurements, high-speed video recording and visual examination of the panels for spall and breach were undertaken. The SFRPC panels withstood the bare charge blast better than the reinforced ordinary concrete panels. Neither type of panel was breached using a O. 5 kg charge, The RC panel exhibited more spalling when Composition B was used. Under successive Composition B loading conditions, the RC panel was breached. In comparison the SFRPC panel was not breached. Exposure to fragmenting charge loading conditions confirmed these performance differences between the SFRPC panel and the reinforced ordinary concrete panel.

关键词： steel fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete blast loading spalling explosive blast loading

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Numerical Calculation of Concrete Slab Response to Blast Loading

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2006年第B9期12卷 94-99页

作者： ZHOU Xiaoqing HAO Hong KUZNETSOV valerian A WASCHL John School of Civil and Resource Engineering The University of Western Australia Australia Weapons System Division Defence Science and Technology Organisation Department of Defence Australia

In the present paper, a dynamic plastic damage model for concrete has been employed to estimate responses of a reinforced concrete slab subjected to blast loading. The interaction between the blast wave and the concrete slab is considered in 3D simulation. In the first stage, the initial detonation and blast wave propagation is modelled in 2D simulation before the blast wave reaches the concrete slab, then the results obtained from 2D calculation are remapped to a 3D model. The calculated blast load is compared with that obtained from TM5-1300. Numerical results of the concrete slab response are compared with the explosive test carried out- in the Weapons System Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Department of Defence, Australia.

关键词： blast loading damage concrete 3 D simulation

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可去除染料--N-聚糖多方法深入分析中的缺失环节

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Engineering 2023年第7期26卷 132-150,I0006页

作者： Samanta Cajic RenéHennig valerian Grote Udo Reichl Erdmann Rapp Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg 39106Germany glyXera GmbH Magdeburg 39120Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringMagdeburg 39106Germany

As the roles of glycans in health and disease continue to be unraveled,it is becoming apparent that glycans’immense complexity cannot be *** fully delineate glycan structures,we developed an integrative approach combining a set of cost-effective,widespread,and easy-to-handle analytical *** key feature of our workflow is the exploitation of a removable fluorescent label—exemplified by 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate(Fmoc)—to bridge the gap between diverse glycoanalytical methods,especially multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection(xCGELIF)and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOFMS).Through the detailed structural analysis of selected,dauntingly complex N-glycans from chicken ovalbumin,horse serum,and bovine transferrin,we illustrate the capabilities of the presented ***,this approach“visualizes”N-glycans that have been difficult to identify thus far—such as the sulfated glycans on human immunoglobulin A—including minute changes in glycan structures,potentially providing useful new targets for biomarker discovery.

关键词： Glycoproteins N-glycans Reversible labeling Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography Capillary gel electrophoresis Mass spectrometry

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Investigation of Coronavirus Deposition in Realistic Human Nasal Cavity and Impact of Social Distancing to Contain COVID-19:A Computational Fluid Dynamic Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2020年第12期125卷 1185-1199页

作者： Mohammad Zuber John valerian Corda Milad Ahmadi BSatish Shenoy Irfan Anjum Badruddin Ali E.Anqi Kamarul Arifin Ahmad S.M.Abdul Khader Leslie Lewis Mohammad Anas Khan Sarfaraz Kamangar Department of Aeronautical&Automobile Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal576104India Department of Mechanics of Solids Surfaces and SystemsFaculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede7522The Netherlands Mechanical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia Department of Aerospace Engineering Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal576104India Department of Paediatrics Kasturba Medical College&HospitalManipal576104India Department of Mechanical Engineering Jamia Millia IslamiaDelhi110025India

The novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 has spread to several countries within a considerably short *** virus gets deposited in the human nasal cavity and moves to the lungs that might be *** per safety guidelines by theWorld Health Organization(WHO),social distancing has emerged as one of the major factors to avoid the spread of ***,different guidelines are being followed across the countries with regards to what should be the safe ***,the current work is an attempt to understand the virus deposition pattern in the realistic human nasal cavity and also to find the impact of distance that could be termed as a safety *** study is performed usingComputationalFluid Dynamics as a solution tool to investigate the impact of COVID-19 deposition(i)On a realistic 3D human upper airway model and(ii)2D social distancing protocol for a distance of 0.6,1.2,1.8,and 2.4 *** results revealed that the regional deposition flux within the nasal cavity was predominantly observed in the external nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal *** flushing of these regions with saltwater substitutes can limit contamination in healthy *** safe distancing limit estimated with 1 m/s airflow was about 1.8 *** extensive deposition was observed for distances less than 1.8 m in this study,emphasizing the fact that social distancing advisories are not useful and do not take into account the external dynamics associated with airflow.

关键词： COVID-19 upper respiratory tract virus deposition social distancing

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采用超深亚微米CMOS的无线电源管理系统

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今日电子 2005年第2期 33-34页

作者： valerian Mayega Byron Reed 德州仪器公司

1.简介如今,无线电源管理设计工程师在I/O接口、能量管理以及电池使用寿命方面面临着新的挑战.随着蜂窝电话变得越来越先进,系统工作时的功耗以及系统待机时的功耗也随之增加,这些变化同时也推动了向高应用性能与多功能的发展.数字设计... 详细信息

1.简介如今,无线电源管理设计工程师在I/O接口、能量管理以及电池使用寿命方面面临着新的挑战.随着蜂窝电话变得越来越先进,系统工作时的功耗以及系统待机时的功耗也随之增加,这些变化同时也推动了向高应用性能与多功能的发展.数字设计人员在业界率先实施了采用超深亚微米(0.13 μ m、0.09μ m及0.065 μ m)的微处理器,他们发现,采用更薄的氧化物以及更短的通道长度能够产生速度更快的晶体管.模拟基带(ABB)与射频(RF)设计人员也紧随其后,努力寻求一种集成方法,以便为其最终客户提供单芯片无线解决方案.

关键词：超深亚微米 CMOS 待机功耗蜂窝电话数字设计微处理器 I/O接口管理系统多功能

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