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Methodological issues in the study of intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8821-8836页

作者： valentina Taverniti Simone Guglielmetti Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an intestinal functional disorder with the highest prevalence in the industrialized world. The intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBS and is not merely a consequence of this disorder. Previous research efforts have not revealed unequivocal microbiological signatures of IBS, and the experimental results are contradictory. The experimental methodologies adopted to investigate the complex intestinal ecosystem drastically impact the quality and significance of the results. Therefore, to consider the methodological aspects of the research on IM in IBS, we reviewed 29 relevant original research articles identified through a PubMed search using three combinations of keywords: “irritable bowel syndrome + microflora”, “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiota” and “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiome”. For each study, we reviewed the quality and significance of the scientific evidence obtained with respect to the experimental method adopted. The data obtained from each study were compared with all considered publications to identify potential inconsistencies and explain contradictory results. The analytical revision of the studies referenced in the present review has contributed to the identification of microbial groups whose relative abundance significantly alters IBS, suggesting that these microbial groups could be IM signatures for this syndrome. The identification of microbial biomarkers in the IM can be advantageous for the development of new diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of different subtypes of IBS.

关键词： Intestinal dysfunction Irritable bowel syndrome Intestinal microbiota Bifidobacteria New generation DNA sequencing

Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through Aspen Plus based model

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 718-730页

作者： Ismael Matino valentina CoHa Teresa A.Branca Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna TeCIP Institute-ICT-COISP56124 PisaItaly

For improving wastewater quality, one of the dare of steelworks is reducing cyanide in wastewater of gas washing treatment of blast furnaces. Costs of existing treatments, stringent environmental regulations and changeable composition of water from gas treatment, have led to study how available treatments can be modified and to examine new ones. Ozonation is one of cyanide treatments, tested within a European project. A process model was set up with Aspen Plus®, to assess operating conditions and wastewater distinctive characteristics and to demonstrate treatment robustness. Process was modeled by theoretical reactors, taking into account all more affecting reactions. A genetic algorithm was exploited to find kinetic parameters of these reactions. After validation, the model was used to analyse scenarios, by considering also real contexts. Pilot tests were extended, process knowledge was enhanced and suggestions were obtained. To promote cyanide removal with ozone, temperature and pH values were 30°C and 10, respectively. With an ozone (mg/h)/ water (L/h) ratio of 100 mg/L, batch mode ensure reaching cyanide regulation limit (0.2 mg/L) after maximum 4.5 h, if initial amount was less than 20 mg/L. Higher removal was obtained than in continuous mode due to constraints related to this last run. Higher wastewater contamination needed further time and more ozone.

关键词： blast furnace cyanide removal gas washing water modeling and simulation ozonation

Essential oils as solvents and core materials for the preparation of photo-responsive polymer nanocapsules

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2783-2795页

作者： valentina Marturano valentina Bizzarro Adriana De Luise Anna Calarco Veronica Ambrogi Marta Giamberini Bartosz Tylkowski Pierfrancesco Cerruti Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples "Federico Ⅱ" Via Cynthia 4 Napoli 80125 Italy Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR) Via Campi Flegrei 34 Pozzuoli (NA) 80078 Italy Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF-CNR) Via Pietro Castellino 111 Napoli 80131 Italy Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering (DICMAPI) University of Naples "Federico Ⅱ" P. le Tecchio 80 Napoli 80125 Italy Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ) Universitat Rovira i Virgili Av. Pa'fsos Catalans 26 Tarragona 43007 Spain Chemistry Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTQC) C/Marcel-Ⅱ Domingo Tarragona 43007 Spain

Light-triggered release of active ingredients from polymeric nanosized capsules can be employed in a wide range of applications, such as biomedicine, active packaging, and cosmetics. However, the preparation of core-shell polymeric nanocarriers typically involves the use of toxic organic solvents. To improve the sustainability and safety of nanocapsule applications, we demonstrate that natural essential oils can be used both as solvent and active material in light-responsive nanocapsules synthesized via miniemulsion polycondensation. The documented antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of essential oils enables the design of multipurpose light-responsive delivery platforms. The photo-responsive behavior of the capsules, achieved by means of photochromic azobenzene segments embedded in the capsule shell, is triggered by UV light irradiation （λmax= 360 nm）. Light-induced release kinetics of the essential oils and a fluorescent probe molecule, coumarin-6, is evaluated via UV-vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry, respectively, demonstrating the efficiency and reliability of the release mechanism. Biological tests prove that the capsules are non-cytotoxic and readily internalized by cells, indicating the suitability of these smart nanocarriers for biological applications.

关键词： light-responsive polymer nanocapsules essential oils azobenzene controlled release cytotoxicity

Implications of metabolism-driven myeloid dysfunctions in cancer therapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第4期18卷 829-841页

作者： Laura Strauss valentina Guarneri Alessandra Gennari Antonio Sica Department of Immunopharmacology and Immuno Oncology EMD Serono Research&Development InstituteInc.80119545A Middlesex TurnpikeBillericaMA 01821USA Department of Surgery Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS PaduaItalyPadovaItaly Division of Oncology Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Eastern PiedmontNovaraItaly Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Eastern PiedmontA.Avogadrovia Bovio 6NovaraItaly Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilanItaly

Immune homeostasis is maintained by an adequate balance of myeloid and lymphoid *** chronic inflammatory states,including cancer,this balance is lost due to dramatic expansion of myeloid progenitors that fail to mature to functional inflammatory neutrophils,macrophages,and dendritic cells(DCs),thus giving rise to a decline in the antitumor effector lymphoid ***-related inflammation orchestrates the production of hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines that perpetuate recruitment and activation of myeloid precursors,resulting in unresolved and chronic *** pathologic inflammation creates profound alterations in the intrinsic cellular metabolism of the myeloid progenitor pool,which is amplified by competition for essential nutrients and by hypoxia-induced metabolic rewiring at the tumor ***,persistent myelopoiesis and metabolic dysfunctions contribute to the development of cancer,as well as to the severity of a broad range of diseases,including metabolic syndrome and autoimmune and infectious *** aims of this review are to(1)define the metabolic networks implicated in aberrant myelopoiesis observed in cancer patients,(2)discuss the mechanisms underlying these clinical manifestations and the impact of metabolic perturbations on clinical outcomes,and(3)explore new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to restore immunometabolism and differentiation of myeloid cells towards an effector phenotype to increase host antitumor *** propose that the profound metabolic alterations and associated transcriptional changes triggered by chronic and overactivated immune responses in myeloid cells represent critical factors influencing the balance between therapeutic efficacy and immune-related adverse effects(irAEs)for current therapeutic strategies,including immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)therapy.

关键词： Myelopoiesis Tumor-associated macrophages Myeloid-derived suppressor cells Metabolism Cancer therapy

The evolution of eccentricity in the eclipsing binary system AS Camelopardalis

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第1期18卷 113-118页

作者： valentina Kozyreva Anatoly Kusakin Alexey Bogomazov M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University P.K.Sternberg Astronomical Institute National Space Agency Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute

In 2002,2004 and 2017 we conducted high precision CCD photometry observations of the eclipsing binary system AS *** analysis of the light curves from 1967 to 2017（our data ＋ data from the literature） we obtained photometric elements of the system and found a change in the system＇s orbital eccentricity of ？e = 0.03 ± *** change can indicate that there is a third companion in the system in a highly inclined orbit with respect to the orbital plane of the central binary,and its gravitational influence may cause the discrepancy between observed and theoretical apsidal motion rates of AS Cam.

关键词： binaries:close binaries:eclipsing stars:individual(AS Cam)

A long story for a short peptide:therapeutic efficacy of a cleavagespecific tau antibody

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2417-2419页

作者： Giuseppina Amadoro valentina Latina Pietro Calissano Institute of Translational Pharmacology(IFT)-National Research Council(CNR) Via Fosso del Cavaliere 10000133-RomeItaly(Amadoro G)European Brain Research Institute(EBRI)Viale Regina Elena 29500161-RomeItaly

Tau is the prime participant in the Alzheimer’s disease(AD) neurodegeneration:AD,the main cause of dementia in elderly people,is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a long prodromal phase(starting more than two decades before clinical symptoms appear)with brain accumulation/misfolding of amyloidβ(Aβ)in insoluble amyloid plaques and of tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles.

关键词： tau Aβ Alzheimer

Quality of nursing care,availability and accessibility of treatment and prevention of communicable and chronic diseases

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2017年第4期4卷 350-351页

作者： valentina Sarkisova Russian Nurses Association Russia European Forum of National Nursing and Midwifery Associations

*** care·Provision of primary care based on district approach(in resi-dential areas)·Networks of district outpatient clinics specifically working for adults and for children·Network of primary specialized outpatient clinics(women consultancy,cardiology)·Medical stations in rural territories with different staffing depending on population numbers-(doctor and nurse working jointly,or feldshers working alone/independent practice)·Medical rooms at schools and other education settings,large companies·Home visits.

关键词： prevention nurse district

Health and nursing policy,regulation and legislation,leadership and management

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2017年第4期4卷 333-334页

作者： valentina Sarkisova Russian Nurses Association Russia European Forum of National Nursing and Midwifery Associations

*** system in Russian Federation System of Obligatory Health Insurance provides universal health *** obligatory system is complemented by the system of Voluntary health insurance.

关键词： nursing policy Health

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Small-world networks of neuroblastoma cells cultured in three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds featuring multi-scale roughness

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 759-768页

作者： valentina Onesto Angelo Accardo Christophe Vieu Francesco Gentile Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare Italian Institute of TechnologyNaplesItaly Laboratoire d’Analyse et d’Architecture des Systemes(LAAS) Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversite de ToulouseCNRSToulouseFrance Institut National des Sciences Appliquees–INSA ToulouseFrance Department of Electric Engineering and Information Technology University Federico IINaplesItaly Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Delft University of TechnologyMekelweg 22628 CD DelftThe Netherlands

Understanding the mechanisms underlying cell-surface interaction is of fundamental importance for the rational design of scaffolds aiming at tissue engineering,tissue repair and neural regeneration ***,we examined patterns of neuroblastoma cells cultured in three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds obtained by two-photon *** of the intrinsic resolution of the technique,the micrometric cylinders composing the scaffold have a lateral step size of^200 nm,a surface roughness of around 20 nm,and large values of fractal dimension approaching *** found that cells in the scaffold assemble into separate groups with many elements per *** cell wiring,we found that resulting networks exhibit high clustering,small path lengths,and small-world *** values of the topological characteristics of the network can potentially enhance the quality,quantity and density of information transported in the network compared to equivalent random graphs of the same *** is one of the first direct observations of cells developing into 3D small-world networks in an artificial matrix.

关键词： 3D networks biomaterials nano-topography network topology neuro-regeneration small-world networks tissue engineering two-photon lithography