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Neonatal opioid exposure:public health crisis and novel neuroinflammatory disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 430-432页

作者： vikram vasan Yuma Kitase Jessie C.Newville Shenandoah Robinson Gwendolyn Gerner v.joanna burton Lauren L.Jantzie Department of Pediatrics Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDDepartment of NeurologyKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMDDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMDepartment of NeurosciencesUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMUSA

Substance use,specifically the use of prescription and non-prescription opioids among pregnant women,is a major public health issue and chief contributor to the opioid *** prevalence of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome has risen 5-fold in the past decade,and is a well-recognized consequence of perinatal opioid *** contrast,the long-term damage to the developing brain from opioid medications is just beginning to be recognized as a serious *** data suggest that opioid exposure commencing in utero negatively affects the maturation of the neural-immune system,and trajectory of central nervous system *** induces peripheral immune hyper-reactivity,lasting structural and microstructural brain injury,and significant deficits in executive function and cognitive control in adult animals following in utero ***,to address the cascading public health crisis stemming from the multitude of infants with in utero opioid exposure who will grow up with altered neurodevelopmental trajectories,rigorous preclinical,mechanistic studies are *** studies will define the long-term sequelae of prenatal opioid exposure in an effort to develop appropriate and targeted ***,the development of novel fluid,neuroimaging and biobehavioral biomarkers will be the most useful to aid in early identification and treatment of opioid exposed infants with the greatest risk of poor clinical *** studies will be essential to understand how in utero insults determine brain structure and function in adulthood,and what targeted interventions will be required to improve longterm outcomes in the countless children being born exposed to opioids each year.

关键词： biomarker buprenorphine cognition executive function magnetic resonance imaging methadone neonate

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Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.burton Birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

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K^(+)/Cl^(−) co-transporter-2 upmodulation: a multi-modal therapy to treat spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1984-1986页

作者： Shane v.Hegarty joanna Stanicka AXONIS Therapeutics Inc.LabCentralCambridgeMAUSA

Herein,the rationale and supporting evidence for the promise of developing K+/Cl−co-transporter-2(KCC2)neuromodulatory therapies for spinal cord injury(SCI)is *** is commonly a life-changing,unforeseen neuro t rauma that has devastating consequences for the injured person,their families and society as a *** less than 1%of patients have a complete recovery,the vast majority of people after SCI have significant disabilities and can be entirely dependent upon others for assistance in their activities of daily *** socioeconomic costs are a significant global burden,with SCI often occurring in adults during their peak earning ***,there are no approved drugs that improve functional outcomes for people with ***,SCI commonly leads to a lifetime of disability,and new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed.

关键词： injury modal consequences

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Diverticulitis is a population health problem:Lessons and gaps in strategies to implement and improve contemporary care

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第6期15卷 1007-1019页

作者： Stephanie Lee Stovall Jennifer A Kaplan joanna K Law David R Flum vlad v Simianu Department of Surgery Virginia Mason Franciscan HealthSeattleWA 98101United States Department of Gastroenterology Virginia Mason Franciscan HealthSeattleWA 98101United States Department of Surgery University of Washington MedicalSeattleWA 98195United States

The disease burden of diverticulitis is high across inpatient and outpatient settings,and the prevalence of diverticulitis has ***,patients with acute diverticulitis were admitted routinely for intravenous antibiotics and many had urgent surgery with colostomy or elective surgery after only a few *** recent studies have challenged the standards of how acute and recurrent diverticulitis are managed,and many clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)have pivoted to recommend outpatient management and individualized decisions about *** the rates of diverticulitis hospitalizations and operations are increasing in the United States,suggesting there is a disconnect from or delay in adoption of CPGs across the spectrum of diverticular *** this review,we propose approaching diverticulitis care from a population level to understand the gaps between contemporary studies and real-world practice and suggest strategies to implement and improve future care.

关键词： Diverticulitis Hospitalization Elective Emergent surgery Clinical guidelines Diverticular disease

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Recent theoretical progress in the development of perovskite photovoltaic materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第3期27卷 637-649页

作者： Xin Zhou joanna Jankowska Hao Dong Oleg v.Prezhdo College of Environment and Chemical Engineering Dalian University.Dalian 116622.LiaoningChina Department of Chemistry University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles 90089California.United States Institute of Physics.Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw 02-668.Poland School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029LiaoningChina

Since the seminal work by Kojima et al. in 2009, solar cells based on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have attracted considerable attention and experienced an exponential growth, with photovoltaic efficiencies as of today reaching above 22%. Despite such an impressive development, some key scientific issues of these materials, including the presence of toxic lead, the poor long-term device stability under heat and humidity conditions, and the anomalous hysteresis of the current-voltage curves shown by various solar cell devices, still remain unsolved and constitute an important focus of experimental and theoretical researchers throughout the world. Density functional theory calculations have been successfully applied to exploring structural and electronic properties of semiconductors, complementing the experimental results in search and discovery of novel functional materials. In this review, we summarize the current progress in perovskite photovoltaic materials from a theoretical perspective. We discuss design of lead-free perovskite materials, humidity-induced degradation mechanisms and possible origins for the observed solar cell hysteresis, and assess future research directions for advanced perovskite solar cells based on computational materials design and theoretical understanding of intrinsic properties.

关键词： Solar cells Perovskite materials Density functional theory

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Engineering Solutions for Representative Models of the Gastrointestinal Human-Microbe Interface

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Engineering 2017年第1期3卷 60-65页

作者： Marc Mac Giolla Eain joanna Baginska Kacy Greenhalgh Joelle v. Fritz Frederic Zenhausen Paul Wilmes Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedidne University of Luxembourg Esch-sur-Alzette L 4362 Luxembourg Center for Applied Nanobioscience and Medicine University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

研究宿主–胃肠道微生物的相互作用已经成为管理人类健康和疾病的关键组成部分。微生理系统的发展正在为研究人员提供前所未有的对于这种复杂关系的获取和理解。这些系统结合了微型工程、微流体和细胞培养的优点,来创建人类肠道中普遍... 详细信息

研究宿主–胃肠道微生物的相互作用已经成为管理人类健康和疾病的关键组成部分。微生理系统的发展正在为研究人员提供前所未有的对于这种复杂关系的获取和理解。这些系统结合了微型工程、微流体和细胞培养的优点,来创建人类肠道中普遍存在的环境条件。在这里我们提出的HuMiX(人类微生物交联对话)平台,是一个利用这种多学科方法提供具有代表性的人体胃肠道的体外模型系统,用于研究宿主–微生物分子的相互作用。我们总结了使用该平台获得的概念验证结果,强调其对于大大增强我们对宿主–微生物相互作用了解的潜力,且其可能对药物、食品和营养以及医疗保健行业产生的巨大影响。同时讨论了这些技术面临的一些关键问题和挑战。

关键词： Microbiome Microfluidics Organ-on-a-chip HuMiX

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Total Restrained Bondage in Graphs

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2013年第6期29卷 1033-1042页

作者： Nader JAFARI RAD Roslan HASNI joanna RACZEK Lutz vOLKMANN Department of Mathematics Shahrood University of Technology Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and Technology University Malaysia Terengganu Department of Mathematics Gdansk University of Technology Lehrstuhl II fr Mathematik RWTH Aachen University

A subset S of vertices of a graph G with no isolated vertex is a total restrained dominating set if every vertex is adjacent to a vertex in S and every vertex in v （G） S is also adjacent to a vertex in v （G） S. The total restrained domination number of G is the minimum cardinality of a total restrained dominating set of G. In this paper we initiate the study of total restrained bondage in graphs. The total restrained bondage number in a graph G with no isolated vertex, is the minimum cardinality of a subset of edges E such that G E has no isolated vertex and the total restrained domination number of G E is greater than the total restrained domination number of G. We obtain several properties, exact values and bounds for the total restrained bondage number of a graph.

关键词： Domination total restrained domination bondage

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Fecal calprotectin measurement is a marker of shortterm clinical outcome and presence of mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第41期23卷 7387-7396页

作者： Athanasios Kostas Spyros I Siakavellas Charalambos Kosmidis Anna Takou joanna Nikou Georgios Maropoulos John vlachogiannakos George v Papatheodoridis Ioannis Papaconstantinou Giorgos Bamias Department of Gastroenterology University of Athens Medical School Laiko General Hospital Bioche-mistry Department Laiko General Hospital 2nd Department of Surgery University of Athens Medical School Areteion General Hospital

AIM To evaluate the utility of fecal calprotectin(FC) in predicting relapse and endoscopic activity during follow-up in an inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) *** All FC measurements that were obtained during a 3-year period from patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission were identified. Data regarding the short-term(6 mo) course of the disease were extracted from the medical files. Exclusion criteria were defined as:(1) An established flare of the disease at the time of FC measurement,(2) Loss to follow up within 6 mo from baseline FC measurement, and,(3) Insufficient data on file. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate whether baseline FC measurement could predict the short term clinical relapse and/or the presence of mucosal *** We included 149 [Crohn's disease(CD) = 113, Ulcerative colitis(UC) = 36, male = 77] IBD patients in our study. Within the determined 6-month period post-FC measurement, 47(31.5%) had a disease flare. Among 76 patients who underwent endoscopy, 39(51.3%) had mucosal healing. Baseline FC concentrations were significantly higher in those who had clinical relapse compared to those who remained in remission during follow up(481.0 μg/g, 286.0-600.0 vs 89.0, 36.0-180.8, P ve value of baseline median with IQR FC for clinical relapse was confirmed by multivariate Cox analysis [HR for 100μg/g: 1.75(95%CI: 1.28-2.39), P = 0.001]. Furthermore, lower FC baseline values significantly correlated to the presence of mucosal healing in endoscopy(69.0 μg/g, 30.0-128.0 vs 481.0, 278.0-600.0, in those with mucosal inflammation, median with IQR, P values for FC concentration with a high sensitivity and specificity for predicting clinical relapse(261 μg/g with AUC = 0.901, sensitivity 87.2%, specificity 85.3%, P vity 91.9%, specificity 87.2%, P < 0.001). FC was better than CRP in

关键词： Fecal calprotectin Biomarker Inflammatory bowel disease Mucosal healing Clinical outcome Relapse Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease

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Type 3 innate lymphoid cell-derived lymphotoxin prevents microbiota-dependent inflammation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第7期15卷 697-709页

作者： Yuan Zhang Tae-Jin Kim joanna A Wroblewska vera Tesic vaibhav Upadhyay Ralph R Weichselbaum Alexei v Tumanov Hong Tang Xiaohuan Guo Haidong Tang Yang-Xin Fu Department of Pathology University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Korea University College of MedicineSeoul 02841Korea Committee on Immunology Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78229USA Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Immunology Tsinghua University School of MedicineBeijing 100084China Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA

Splenomegaly is a well-known phenomenon typically associated with ***,the underlying cause of this phenotype has not been well ***,the splenomegaly phenotype seen in lymphotoxin(LT)signaling-deficient mice is characterized by increased numbers of splenocytes and splenic ***,as well as the related phenotype of increased lymphocyte counts in non-lymphoid tissues,is thought to result from the absence of secondary lymphoid tissues in LT-deficient *** now present evidence that mice deficient in LTα1β2 or LTβR develop splenomegaly and increased numbers of lymphocytes in non-lymphoid tissues in a microbiota-dependent *** administration to LTα1β2-or LTβR-deficient mice reduces ***,re-derived germ-free Ltbr−/−mice do not exhibit splenomegaly or increased inflammation in non-lymphoid tissues compared to specific pathogen-free Ltbr−/−*** using various LTβ-and LTβR-conditional knockout mice,we demonstrate that retinoic acid-related orphan receptorγT-positive type 3 innate lymphoid cells provide the required active LT signaling to prevent the development of ***,this study demonstrates the importance of LT-mediated immune responses for the prevention of splenomegaly and systemic inflammation induced by microbiota.

关键词： germ-free lymphotoxin microbiota splenomegaly type 3 innate lymphoid cells

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Effect of feeding broilers diets differing in susceptible phytate content

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第1期2卷 33-39页

作者： Natalie K.Morgan Carrie L.Walk Michael R.Bedford Dawn v.Scholey Emily J.burton School of Animal Rural and Environmental Science Nottingham Trent University AB vista Feed Ingredients

Measurements of total phytate phosphorus content of diets may be deceptive as they do not indicate substrate availability for phytase; it may be that measurements of phytate susceptible to phytase effects are a more accurate measure of phosphorus(P) availability to the bird. To verify this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to compare diets formulated to contain either high or low susceptible phytate, supplemented with either 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Susceptible phytate was determined by exposing the feed samples to conditions that mimicked the average pH of the proximal gastrointestinal tract(pH 4.5) and the optimum temperature for phytase activity(37℃) and then measuring phytate dissolved. Ross 308 birds(n = 240) were fed one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design; 2 diets with high(8.54 g/kg, 57.90% of total phytate) or low(5.77 g/kg, 46.33% of total phytate) susceptible phytate, containing 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Diets were fed to broilers(12 replicate pens of 5 birds per pen) from d 0 to 28 post hatch. Birds fed diets high in susceptible phytate had greater phytate hydrolysis in the gizzard(P ve of phytase presence. Birds fed the high susceptible diets also had greater P solubility in the gizzard and Ca and P solubility in the jejunum and ileum(P vels. No interactions were observed between susceptible phytate and phytase on phytate hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of phytate was greate

关键词： Broiler Phytate Digestibility Phytase Phosphorus

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