Neonatal opioid exposure:public health crisis and novel neuroinflammatory disease

作     者：Vikram Vasan Yuma Kitase Jessie C.Newville Shenandoah Robinson Gwendolyn Gerner V.Joanna Burton Lauren L.Jantzie Vikram Vasan;Yuma Kitase;Jessie C. Newville;Shenandoah Robinson;Gwendolyn Gerner;V. Joanna Burto;Lauren L. Jantzie

作者机构：Department of PediatricsDepartment of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDDepartment of NeurologyKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMDDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMDepartment of NeurosciencesUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMUSA 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第16卷第3期

页      面：430-432页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1007[医学-药学(可授医学、理学学位)] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 10[医学] 

主　　题：biomarker buprenorphine cognition executive function magnetic resonance imaging methadone neonate 

摘      要：Substance use,specifically the use of prescription and non-prescription opioids among pregnant women,is a major public health issue and chief contributor to the opioid crisis.The prevalence of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome has risen 5-fold in the past decade,and is a well-recognized consequence of perinatal opioid exposure.By contrast,the long-term damage to the developing brain from opioid medications is just beginning to be recognized as a serious concern.Published data suggest that opioid exposure commencing in utero negatively affects the maturation of the neural-immune system,and trajectory of central nervous system development.Methadone induces peripheral immune hyper-reactivity,lasting structural and microstructural brain injury,and significant deficits in executive function and cognitive control in adult animals following in utero exposure.Thus,to address the cascading public health crisis stemming from the multitude of infants with in utero opioid exposure who will grow up with altered neurodevelopmental trajectories,rigorous preclinical,mechanistic studies are required.Such studies will define the long-term sequelae of prenatal opioid exposure in an effort to develop appropriate and targeted interventions.Specifically,the development of novel fluid,neuroimaging and biobehavioral biomarkers will be the most useful to aid in early identification and treatment of opioid exposed infants with the greatest risk of poor clinical outcomes.These studies will be essential to understand how in utero insults determine brain structure and function in adulthood,and what targeted interventions will be required to improve longterm outcomes in the countless children being born exposed to opioids each year.