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Exposure of Kenyan population to aflatoxins in foods with special reference to Nandi and Makueni counties

Food Quality and Safety 2017年第2期1卷 131-137页

作者： E.K.Kang’ethe M.Gatwiri A.J.Sirma E.O.Ouko C.K.Mburugu-Musoti P.M.Kitala G.J.Nduhiu J.G.Nderitu J.K.Mungatu v.Hietaniemi v.Joutsjoki H.J.Korhonen Department of Public Health Pharmacology and ToxicologyNairobiKenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology NairobiKenya Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries Veterinary Laboratories KabetePrivate Bag KabeteNairobiKenya Natural Resources Institute Finland LUKEJokioinenFinland

Aflatoxins cause acute and chronic health and production effects in humans and animals,*** study reports on the exposure of the Kenyan population to the two mycotoxins in two counties(Nandi and Makueni)using children younger than 5 years as the proxy.A questionnaire was administered,which captured knowledge of the incidences of acute aflatoxin poisoning,food consumption *** of aflatoxin in samples of urine,breast milk,maize,sorghum,and millet was done using cELISA and *** and sorghum are used in the weaning formula of *** difference in consumption of maize-and sorghum-based diets in children between younger than 1 and between 1 and 5 years was significant with P=0.037 and P=0.002,respectively,in Nandi and *** children younger than 5 years,the consumption of maize ranged from 0.1 to 0.25 kg per person per day in Nandi and Makueni with an aflatoxin exposure rate of 0.011 and 0.49μg per kg body weight(bwt)per day,*** exposure to aflatoxin through milk for children younger than 5 years was 4×10^(−4) and 1×10^(−4)μg per kg bwt per day in Makueni and Nandi,*** exposure of nursing children through breast milk was 6×10^(−3) and 1×10^(−6)μg per kg bwt per day in Makueni and Nandi,*** younger than 30 months in Makueni had 1.4 times higher levels of aflatoxin M1(AFM1)in urine than those of the same age in *** stunting and severe stunting rates in Makueni and Nandi were 28.7%,18.5%and 30.7%,16.5%,***,there is need for urgent mitigation measures,a constant surveillance program,strict regulations,and awareness creation directed at poor households to reduce dietary exposure to mycotoxins.

关键词： Aflatoxins Contamination Exposure Kenya.

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void Aware Position Based Opportunistic Routing for QoS in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第8期7卷 1504-1521页

作者： v. Raji N. Mohan Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering S.K.P. Engineering College Thiruvannamalai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering S.K.P. Engineering College Thiruvannamalai India

The unique anywhere, anytime wireless communication support offers, tremendous potential for the next generation of applications in a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). The Quality of Service (QoS) has been the ever demanding task of wireless communication to satisfy the application requirements. Geographical routing employs a greedy forwarding technique to deliver the packets to the destination and to owe the communication void, it fails to render the expected level of QoS. Opportunistic routing technique effectively utilizes the advantages of broadcasting nature of the wireless medium and selects a set of forwarding candidates instead of relying on a greedy node. To improve the efficiency of QoS routing in sparse and highly dynamic network topology, this paper proposes the void-Aware Position based Opportunistic Routing (vAPOR). The vAPOR maintains 2-hop neighbor information to take a routing decision, but it is limited to 1-hop information when the node density is high. It efficiently balances the storage overhead and communication delay due to void and it increases the network throughput even under a sparse network. To provide a certain assurance level for packet reachability, vAPOR decides the potential forwarders based on the forwarding probability that measures link stability, capacity, and connectivity factor. It adaptively favors a path that avoids frequent link failure and unreliable link usage. By limiting the propagation area of duplicate packets, vAPOR reduces wastage of network resources, and ittakes the advantage of concurrent batch forwarding to avoid further duplication and unnecessary delay.

关键词： Mobile Ad Hoc Network Opportunistic Forwarding QoS Routing void Alleviation

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Sonoluminescence: an Iraser creating cold fusion neutrons

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 1996年第3期7卷 157-160页

作者： T v Prevenslik(2E Greenery Court, Discovery Bay,Hong Kong)

Ｓｏｎｏｌｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅ：ａｎＩｒａｓｅｒｃｒｅａｔｉｎｇｃｏｌｄｆｕｓｉｏｎｎｅｕｔｒｏｎｓ？ＴＶＰｒｅｖｅｎｓｌｉｋ（２ＥＧｒｅｅｎｅｒｙＣｏｕｒｔ，ＤｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙＢａｙ，ＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ）Ａｂｓｔｒ... 详细信息

Ｓｏｎｏｌｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅ：ａｎＩｒａｓｅｒｃｒｅａｔｉｎｇｃｏｌｄｆｕｓｉｏｎｎｅｕｔｒｏｎｓ？ＴＶＰｒｅｖｅｎｓｌｉｋ（２ＥＧｒｅｅｎｅｒｙＣｏｕｒｔ，ＤｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙＢａｙ，ＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｓｏｎｏｌｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅ...

关键词：冷聚变中子声致发光远紫外激光

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Cattle behaviour classification from collar, halter, and ear tag sensors

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第1期5卷 124-133页

作者： A.Rahman D.v.Smith B.Little A.B.Ingham P.L.Greenwood G.J.Bishop-Hurley Analytics Program Data61CSIROAustralia Productive and Adaptive Livestock Systems Agriculture and FoodCSIROAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries Beef Industry Centre Australia

In this paper,we summarise the outcome of a set of experiments aimed at classifying cattle behaviour based on sensor *** animal carried sensors generating time series accelerometer data placed on a collar on the neck at the back of the head,on a halter positioned at the side of the head behind the mouth,or on the ear using a *** purpose of the study was to determine how sensor data from different placement can classify a range of typical cattle *** were collected and animal behaviours(grazing,standing or ruminating)were observed over a common time *** features were computed from the sensor data and machine learning algorithms were trained to classify each *** accuracies were computed on separate independent test *** analysis based on behaviour classification experiments revealed that different sensor placement can achieve good classification accuracy if the feature space(representing motion patterns)between the training and test animal is *** paper will discuss these analyses in detail and can act as a guide for future studies.

关键词： Sensor data analytics Cattle behaviour classification Sensors for cattle behaviour tracking

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Risk of cancer,with special reference to extra-intestinal malignancies,in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9359-9365页

作者： Alicia Algaba Iván Guerra ngel Castao Gema de la Poza víctor M Castellano Montserrat López Fernando Bermejo Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada 28942 Madrid Spain Department of Pathology Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada28942 Madrid Spain

AIM:To determine the incidence and characteristics of intestinal and extra-intestinal cancers among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a Spanish hospital and to compare them with those of the local ***:This was a prospective,observational,7-year follow-up,cohort *** incidence,incidence rates based on person-years of follow-up and relative risk were calculated for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and compared with the background *** incidence of cancer was determined using a hospital-based data registry from Hospital Universitario de *** data and details about time from diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease to occurrence of cancer,disease extent,inflammatory bowel disease treatment,cancer therapy and cancer evolution were also collected in the inflammatory bowel disease ***:Eighteen of 590 patients with inflammatory bowel disease developed cancer[cumulative incidence=3%(95%CI:1.58-4.52)vs 2%(95%CI:1.99-2.11)in the background population;RR=1.5;95%CI:0.97-2.29].The cancer incidence among inflammatory bowel disease patients was 0.53%(95%CI:0.32-0.84)per patient-year of *** with inflammatory bowel disease had a significantly increased relative risk of urothelial carcinoma(RR=5.23,95%CI:1.95-13.87),appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma(RR=36.6,95%CI:7.92-138.4),neuroendocrine carcinoma(RR=13.1,95%CI:1.82-29.7)and rectal carcinoid(RR=8.94,95%CI:1.18-59.7).Colorectal cancer cases were not ***:The overall risk of cancer did not significantly increase in our inflammatory bowel disease ***,there was an increased risk of urinary bladder cancer and,with less statistical power,an increased risk of appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma and of neuroendocrine *** cancer risk was low in our series.

关键词： Extra-intestinal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Cancer risk Background population Urothelial carcinoma Appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma Neuroendocrine carcinoma Rectal carcinoid

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Low-FODMAP diet reduces irritable bowel symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3356-3366页

作者： Natalia Pedersen Dorit vedel Ankersen Maria Felding Henrik Wachmann Zsuzsanna végh Line Molzen Johan Burisch Jens Rikardt Andersen Pia Munkholm Department of Gastroenterology Slagelse Hospital Gastroenterology Unit North Zealand Hospital Department of Nutrition Exercise and SportsUniversity of Copenhagen Department of Statistics First Department of Medicine Semmelweis University

To investigate the effect of a low-FODMAP diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODSThis was a randomised controlled open-label trial of patients with IBD in remission or with mild-to-moderate disease and coexisting IBS-like symptoms (Rome III) randomly assigned to a Low-FODMAP diet (LFD) or a normal diet (ND) for 6 wk between June 2012 and December 2013. Patients completed the IBS symptom severity system (IBS-SSS) and short IBD quality of life questionnaire (SIBDQ) at weeks 0 and 6. The primary end-point was response rates (at least 50-point reduction) in IBS-SSS at week 6 between groups; secondary end-point was the impact on quality of ***-nine patients, 67 (75%) women, median age 40, range 20-70 years were randomised: 44 to LFD group and 45 to ND, from which 78 patients completed the study period and were included in the final analysis (37 LFD and 41 ND). There was a significantly larger proportion of responders in the LFD group (n = 30, 81%) than in the ND group (n = 19, 46%); (OR = 5.30; 95%CI: 1.81-15.55, P ve study, a low-FODMAP diet reduced IBS-like symptoms and increased quality of life in patients with IBD in remission.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Web-based management Irritable bowel syndrome Low-FODMAP diet

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Genesis and Distribution of Ultra-alkaline Magmatism within the East Antarctic Associated with the Kerguelen Plume Activity

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 198-199页

作者： Nadezhda M.Sushchevskaya Boris v.Belyatsky Robert Sh.Krymsky vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry RAS Karpinsky Geological Institute (vSEGEI)

Alkaline magmatism is often associated with the initial or final stages of huge plume *** alkaline bodies are most often found within the boundary area of plume impact upon the *** initial stages of the

关键词： Genesis and Distribution of Ultra-alkaline Magmatism within the East Antarctic Associated with the Kerguelen Plume Activity Jetty

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UNIX系统v第4版

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1992年

作者：苏嘉文译校

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Ultraviolet mem-sensors： Flexible anisotropic composites featuring giant photocurrent enhancement

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Nano Research 2015年第6期8卷 1956-1963页

作者： A. Chiolerio I. Roppolo v. Cauda M. Crepaldi S. Bocchini K. Bejtka A. verna G. F. Pirri Center for Space Human Robotics Istitutoltaliano di Tecnologia Corso Trento 21 Torino 10129 Italy

By using two separate components, mem-sensing devices can be fabricated combining the sensitivity of a transducer with non-volatile memory. Here, we discuss how a mem-sensor can be fabricated using a single material with built- in sensing andmemory capabilities, based on ZnO microwires （MWs） embedded in a photocurable resin and processed from liquid by vertically aligning the MWs across the polymeric matrix using dielectrophoresis. This results in an ultraviolet （Uv） photodetector, a device telecommunication, health, and defense, that is widely applied in fields such as and has so far implemented using bulk inorganic semiconductors. However, inorganic detectors suffer from very high production costs, brittleness, huge equipment requirements, and low responsivity. Here, we propose for the first time aneasy processable, reproducible, and low- cost hybrid Uv mem-sensor. Composites with aligned ZnO MWs produce giant photocurrentscompared to the same composites with randomly distributed MWs. In particular, we efficiently exploit a mere-response where the photocurrent carries memory of the last electronic state experienced by the device when under testing. Furthermore, we demonstrate the non-equivalence of different wave profiles used during thedielectrophoresis： a pulsed wave is able to induce order in both the axis and the orientation of the MWs, whereas a sine wave only affects the orientation.

关键词： giantphotocurrent mem-sensors ZnO photopolimerization dielectrophoresis

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Technological risk regulation of the subgrade base stability in permafrost areas

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第3期9卷 321-324页

作者： S.Ya.Lutskiy T.v.Shepitko Alexey Y.Burukin Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher vocational Education 'Moscow State University of Railway Engineering' MGUPS (MIIT) Public Joint Stock Company 'MOSTOTREST' (PJSC 'MOSTOTREST')

Maintenance and risk estimation of a weak roadbed condition during the construction period are ***-management procedure for unstable,weak soils is proposed through adjusting the technological loads and real-time monitoring of their *** efficiency of implementing maximum allowable vibroloads and the drainage system for strengthening weak soils is shown in the example of the Northern Latitudinal Railway area.

关键词： roadbed technology risk stability

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