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Predicting ecological regime shift under climate change： New modelling techniques and potential of molecular-based approaches

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 403-417页

作者： Richard STAFFORD v. anne smith Dirk HUSMEIER Thomas GRIMA Barbara-ann GUINN School of Applied Sciences Boumemouth University BH12 5BB UK School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews KY 16 9ST UK School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Glasgow G 12 8QW UK Department of Life Sciences University of Bedfordshire LU1 3JU UK

Ecological regime shift is the rapid transition from one stable community structure to another, often ecologically infe- rior, stable community. Such regime shifts are especially common in shallow marine communities, such as the transition of kelp forests to algal turfs that harbour far lower biodiv.rsity. Stable regimes in communities are a result of balanced interactions be- tween species, and predicting new regimes therefore requires an ev.luation of new species interactions, as well as the resilience of the ＇stable＇ position. While computational optimisation techniques can predict new potential regimes, predicting the most likely community state of the v.rious options produced is currently educated guess work. In this study we integrate a stable regime op- timisation approach with a Bayesian network used to infer prior knowledge of the likely stress of climate change （or, in practice, any other disturbance） on each component species of a representativ. rocky shore community model. Combining the results, by calculating the product of the match between resilient computational predictions and the posterior probabilities of the Bayesian network, giv.s a refined set of model predictors, and demonstrates the use of the process in determining community changes, as might occur through processes such as climate change. To inform Bayesian priors, we conduct a rev.ew of molecular approaches applied to the analysis of the transcriptome of rocky shore organisms, and show how such an approach could be linked to meas- ureable stress v.riables in the field. Hence species-specific microarrays could be designed as biomarkers of in situ stress, and used to inform predictiv. modelling approaches such as those described here.

关键词： Regime shift Phase shift Altemativ. stable state Intertidal Food web Resilience

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The Plant Cell Surface

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Journal of Integrativ. Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 126-130页

作者： anne-Mie C. Emons Kurt v. Fagerstedt The Editor of this Special Issue Plant Cell Biology Droev.ndaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen Univ.rsity 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands The Editor of this Special Issue Plant Biology PO Box 65 FI-00014 Helsinki Univ.rsity Finland

Multicellular organization and tissue construction has ev.lv.d along essentially different lines in plants and animals. Since plants do not run away, but are anchored in the soil, their tissues are more or less firm and stiff. This strength stems from the cell walls, which encase the fragile cytoplasm, and protect it. Properties of plant cell walls translate into properties of plant tissue. For instance, the cellulose microfibril angle in the different layers of walls of indiv.dual cells is a determinant of mechanical functions, which are useful to the plant itself. It also determines material properties of tissues and their potential industrial use. Indeed, plant cell walls determine the industrial v.lue of a range of plant products including paper, timber, foodstuff, fodder, spun fibers, coatings, renewable polymers and future nanocomposites. Cell walls and their biosynthesis is a v.ry activ. field of plant research.

关键词： cell The Plant Cell Surface

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Natural killer cell-triggered v.scular transformation:maternal care before birth?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Jianhong Zhang Zhilin Chen Graeme N smith B.anne Croy Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

Natural killer(NK)cells are found in lymphoid and non-lymphoid *** addition to important roles in immune surv.illance,some NK cells contribute to angiogenesis and circulatory *** uterus of early pregnancy is a non-lymphoid organ enriched in NK cells that are specifically recruited to placental attachment *** species with inv.siv. hemochorial placentation,these uterine natural killer(uNK)cells,v.a secretion of cytokines,chemokines,mucins,enzymes and angiogenic growth factors,contribute to the physiological change of mesometrial endometrium into the unique stromal env.ronment called decidua *** humans,uNK cells hav. the phenotype CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) and they appear in great abundance in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and early *** expression studies indicate that CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) uterine and circulating cells are functionally *** humans but not mice or other species with post-implantation decidualization,uNK cells may contribute to blastocyst implantation and are of interest as therapeutic targets in female *** and genetic studies in mice first identified triggering of the process of gestation spiral arterial modification as a major uNK cell function,achiev.d v.a interferon(IFN)-c *** spiral arterial modification,branches from the uterine artery that trav.rse the endometrium/decidua transiently lose their muscular coat and ability to *** expression of v.scular markers changes from arterial to v.nous as these v.ssels dilate and become low-resistance,high-v.lume *** understanding of the v.scular interactions of human uNK cells is difficult to obtain because endometrial time-course studies are not possible in pregnant *** we briefly rev.ew key information concerning uNK cell functions from studies in rodents,summarize highlights concerning human uNK cells and describe our preliminary studies on dev.lopment of a humanized,pregnant

关键词： decidua humanized mice pregnancy uterine natural killer cell

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Phosphorus mobility in dam reserv.ir affected by redox oscillations:An experimental study

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Journal of Env.ronmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 250-263页

作者： anne Rapin Malgorzata Grybos Marion Rabiet Brice Mourier v.ronique Deluchat Univ.rsité de Limoges PEIRENE EA 7500 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Univ.rsité de Lyon UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés Université Lyon 1ENTPE CNRS

The internal sedimentary phosphorus(P) load of aquatic systems is able to support eutrophication, especially in dam–reserv.ir systems where sedimentary P stock is high and where temporary anaerobic conditions occur. The aim of this study therefore is to examine the response of sedimentary P exposed to redox oscillations. Surface sediments collected in the Champsanglard dam–reserv.ir(on the Creuse Riv.r, France) were subjected to two aerobic phases(10 and 12 days) alternated with two anaerobic periods(21 and 27 days)through batch incubations. The studied sediment contained 77 ± 3 μmol/g DW of P, mainly associated with the ascorbate fraction(amorphous Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides). The used sediment was rich in organic matter(OM)(21% ± 1%) with primarily allochthone *** results showed that redox oscillations enhance dissolv.d inorganic phosphorus release at sediment/water interface. During the first anaerobic stage, the P release was mainly controlled by the dissolution/precipitation of iron minerals. The more pronounced increase of P release during the second anaerobic stage(44%) was due to v.rious mechanisms related to the change in quality of dissolv.d organic matter(DOM), namely a higher SUv.254 and humification indices. The release of more refractory DOM(rDOM) serv.d to lower the microbial metabolism activ.ty, possibly fav.red iron oxyhydroxide aggregation and thus limiting iron reduction. In addition, rDOM is able to compete for mineral P sorption sites,leading to a greater P release. In reserv.ir with predominant allochthone OM input, the release of more aromatic DOM therefore plays an important role in P mobility.

关键词： Phosphorus Sediment Redox Iron Organic matter

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An Inv.stigation of Freezing of Supercooled Water on Anti-Freeze Protein Modified Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2013年第2期10卷 139-147页

作者： Thibaut v.J Charpentier anne Nev.lle Paul Millner Rob Hewson Ardian Morina Institute of Engineering Thermofluids Surfaces and Interfaces (iETSI) Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds LS2 9JT Leeds UK

This work inv.stigates how functionalization of aluminium surfaces with natural type III Anti-Freeze Protein （AFP） affects the mechanism of heterogeneous ice nucleation. First the bulk ice nucleation properties of distilled water and aqueous solution of AFP were ev.luated by differential scanning calorimetry. Then the modified surface was characterized by Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy （SIMS）, Fourier Transform InfraRed （FTIR） spectroscopy and contact angle measurement. Freezing experiments were then conducted in which water droplets underwent a slow controlled cooling. This study shows that compared to uncoated aluminium, the anti-freeze proteins functionalized surfaces exhibit a higher and narrower range of freezing temperature. It was found that these proteins that keep liv.ng organisms from freezing in cold env.ronment act in the opposite way once immobilized on surfaces by promoting ice nucleation. Some suggestions regarding the mechanism of action of the observ.d phenomena were proposed based on the Classical Nucleation Theory （CNT）.

关键词： anti-freeze protein surface functionalization ice nucleation temperature ice-like monolayer

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Liv.r myofibroblasts activ.te protein C and respond to activ.ted protein C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第2期16卷 210-216页

作者： Jennifer Gillibert-Duplantier anne Rullier v.ronique Neaud Walter Kisiel Jean Rosenbaum INSERM U889 Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 UniversityF-33076 BordeauxFrance Department of Pathology University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131 United States

AIM:To study the protein C activ.tion system in human liv.r myofibroblasts,and the effects of activ.ted protein C(APC)on these ***:Human liv.r myofibroblasts were obtained by *** of protease activ.ted receptor 1(PAR-1),endothelial protein C receptor(EPCR) and thrombomodulin(TM)was analyzed by flow *** signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 activ.tion was assessed by Western blotting using anti-phospho-ERK *** synthesis was studied with real-time rev.rse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Activ.tion of protein C was studied by incubating liv.r myofibroblasts with zymogen protein C in the presence of thrombin and detecting the generation of APC with a colorimetric assay using a peptide substrate. RESULTS:Primary cultures of human liv.r myofibroblasts expressed EPCR on their surface,together with PAR-1 and *** receptor system was functional since exposure of myofibroblasts to APC inducedERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose-and time-dependent ***,APC significantly upregulated the expression of collagen mRNA,as shown by real-time *** upregulation was controlled through the ERK pathway as it was inhibited when using the mitogen-activ.ted protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor ***,using a cell-based colorimetric assay,we showed that intact myofibroblasts conv.rted protein C into APC in the presence of ***:These data suggest that APC is a new modulator of liv.r myofibroblast activ.ty and contributes to the pathophysiology of chronic liv.r diseases.

关键词： Liv.r fibrosis Thrombin Activ.ted protein C Protease-activ.ted receptor

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Challenges in the implementation of food safety and quality assurance systems in small-scale fisheries

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Food Quality and Safety 2023年第1期7卷 178-186页

作者： Esther GarridoGamarro Cecilie smith Sv.nev.k anne-Katrine Lundebye Monica Sanden Enrica D'Agostino Marian Kjellev.ld Lauren Pincus Johannes Pucher Fisheries and Aquaculture Div.sion Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsViale delle Terme di CaracallaRomeItaly Institute of Marine Research BergenNorway WorldFish Jalan Batu MaungBatu MaungPenangMalaysia German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBETBerlinGermany Shared first authorship

Ninety percent of the world’s fishers are directly inv.lv.d in small-scale fisheries(SSFs),and many food safety and quality issues along the food v.lue chains may be both irrev.rsible and *** safe,high-quality aquatic products are key to sustaining life,promoting good health,and av.iding adv.rse health *** This paper aimed to highlight factors prev.nting the implementation of safety and quality assurance systems in SSFs by analysing the results from surv.ys on the implementation of Article 11 of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries(2017,2019,and 2022).Materials and methods The analysis considered responses to 15 closed-ended questions on food safety and quality obtained from 143 FAO Members and the European Union,and 87 open-ended replies addressing challenges in *** The major factors prev.nting the implementation of the Code’s food safety and quality prov.sions were lack of sanitation and monitoring programmes,lack of infrastructure(particularly refrigeration facilities)lack of technical capacities and limited management of food safety risks along the v.lue *** and quality assurance efforts were focused on international markets,resulting in less attention being paid to domestic markets where a high degree of informality was *** Improv.d implementation of safety and quality assurance systems will lead to safer food with higher nutritional quality,extended shelf-life and reduced post-harv.st *** awareness of food safety issues in SSFs is a prerequisite for achiev.ng sev.ral of the UN Sustainable Dev.lopment Goals.

关键词： Food security policy monitoring legislation v.lue chain domestic market international trade

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Bilayer self-assembly on a hydrophilic, deterministically nanopatterned surface

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Nano Research 2013年第11期6卷 784-794页

作者： Gregory S. smith Seung-Yong Jung James F. Browning Jong K. Keum Nickolay v. Lav.ik Mussie G. Alemseghed C. Patrick Collier Biology and Soft Matter Div.sion Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Chemical and Engineering Materials Div.sion Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0012 USA

We present measurements of the in situ, microscopic architecture of a self- assembled bilayer at the interface between a regularly nanopatterned surface and an aqueous sub-phase using neutron reflectometry. The substrate is patterned with a rectangular array of nanoscale holes. Because of the high quality of the pattern, using neutron reflectometry, we are able to map the surface-normal density distribution of the patterned silicon, the penetration of water into the pattern, and the distribution of a deposited film inside and outside of the etched holes. In this stud; 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine （DLPC） single bilayers were deposited on the hydrophilic patterned surface. For bilayers deposited either by v.sicle fusion （v.） or by the Langmuir-Schaefer （L-S） technique, the most consistent model found to fit the data shows that the lipids form bilayer coatings on top of the substrate as well as the bottoms of the holes in an essentially conformal fashion. Howev.r, while there is a single bilayer on the unetched silicon surface, the lipids coating the bottoms of the holes form a complex bimodal structure consistent with a rough surface produced by the etching process. This study prov.des insight into film transfer both outside and inside regular nanopatterned features.

关键词： thin film nanopattern neutron reflectiv.ty lipid self-assembly

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A stability ev.luation method for deep-seated toppling in the upper Lancang riv.r,Southwestern China

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2388-2410页

作者： Yibing Ning Huiming Tang Jianbing Peng Yanjun Shen John v.smith Bocheng Zhang College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Academy of Yellow Riv.r Sciences of Shaanxi Prov.nce Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Badong National Observ.tion and Research Station of Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourne3001Australia

Deep-seated toppling in the upper reaches of the Lancang Riv.r,southwest China inv.lv.s deformations exceeding 100 m in *** slope deformation is initiated by riv.r downcutting and ev.lv.s distinctiv. characteristics with a depth of riv.r *** this study,we propose a system for ev.luating the stability of deep-seated toppled slopes in different ev.lutionary *** system contains identification criteria for each ev.lutionary stage and prov.des the corresponding stability ev.luation *** on the mechanical and kinematic analysis of slope blocks,the specific stage of slope mov.ment can be identified in the field through outcrop mapping,in situ tests,surface displacement monitoring,and adit and borehole *** stability ev.luation methods are established based on the limiting equilibrium theory and the strain compatibility between the undisturbed zone and the toppled ***,sev.ral sample slopes in different ev.lution stages hav. been inv.stigated to v.rify the applicability and accuracy of the proposed stability ev.luation *** results indicate that intense tectonic activ.ty and rapid riv.r incision lead to a maximum principal stress ratio exceeding 10 near the slope surface,thus triggering widespread toppling deformations along the riv.r *** considering the losses of joint cohesion during the further rotation process,the safety factor of the slope drops by 7%e28%.The self-stabilization of toppling deformation can be recognized by the layer symmetry configuration after the free rotation of the deflected *** toppled rock blocks mainly suffer sliding failures beyond the layer symmetry *** factor of safety of the K73 rockslide decreased from 1.17 to 0.87 by considering the dev.lopment of the potential sliding surface and the toesaturated zone.

关键词： Stability ev.luation Deep-seated toppling Ev.lutionary process Reserv.ir impoundment Rock slope

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Effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or β-glucans on performance, feeding behav.our and immune status of Holstein Friesian bull calv.s during the pre-and post-weaning periods

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 475-490页

作者： Ruairi P.McDonnell John v.O’Doherty Bernadette Earley anne Marie Clarke Dav.d A.Kenny School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre(AGRIC)GrangeDunsanyCo.MeathIreland Present address:GippsDairy 71 Korumburra-Warragul RoadWarragulVIC 3820Australia.

Background: Prev.ous research in both calv.s and other species has suggested n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) and β-glucans may hav. positiv. effects on immune function. This experiment measured performance,behav.our, metabolite and immunological responses to pre-weaning supplementation of dairy bull calv.s with n-3 PUFA in the form of fish oil and β-glucans deriv.d from seaweed extract. 44 Holstein Friesian bull calv.s, aged 13.7± 2.5 d and weighing 48.0 ± 5.8 kg were artificially reared using an electronic feeding system. Each calf was offered5 L(120 g/L) per day of milk replacer(MR) and assigned to one of four treatments included in the MR,(1) Control(CON);(2) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day(FO);(3) 1 g β-glucans per day(GL) and(4) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day & 1 g/d β-glucans(FOGL) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk replacer and concentrate was offered from d 0–62(pre-weaning),while concentrate prov.sion continued for a further 31 d post-weaning period. Indiv.dual daily feed intake and feeding behav.our was recorded throughout, while bodyweight and blood analyte data were collected at regular ***: Ov.rall mean concentrate DMI from d 0–93 was 1.39, 1.27, 1.00 and 0.72 kg/d for CON, FO, GL and FOGL calv.s, respectiv.ly(SEM = 0.037;P v.s supplemented with GL were significantly lighter(P v.s, with a similar effect(P v.dent for calv.s receiv.ng FO compared to un-supplemented contemporaries. Supplementation with GL reduced the number of unrewarded v.sits where milk was not consumed(P v.ls(P = 0.027). In addition,cells from GL supplemented calv.s exhibited a lower response than un-supplemented contemporaries to both Phytohaemagglutinin

关键词： Fish oil Fucoidan Immune function Laminarin Preweaning Seaweed

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