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Highly Efficient Back‑End‑of‑Line Compatible Flexible Si‑Based Optical Memristive Crossbar Array for Edge Neuromorphic Physiological Signal Processing and Bionic Machine Vision

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 323-339页

作者： Dayanand kumar Hanrui Li Dhananjay D.Kumbhar Manoj kumar Rajbhar uttam kumar das Abdul Momin Syed Georgian Melinte Nazek El‑Atab Smart Advanced Memory Devices and Applications(SAMA)LaboratoryElectrical and Computer EngineeringComputer Electrical Mathematical Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)23955‑6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia

The emergence of the Internet-of-Things is anticipated to create a vast market for what are known as smart edge devices,opening numerous opportunities across countless domains,including personalized healthcare and advanced *** 3D integration,edge devices can achieve unprecedented miniaturization while simultaneously boosting processing power and minimizing energy ***,we demonstrate a back-end-of-line compatible optoelectronic synapse with a transfer learning method on health care applications,including electroencephalogram(EEG)-based seizure prediction,electromyography(EMG)-based gesture recognition,and electrocardiogram(ECG)-based arrhythmia *** experiments on three biomedical datasets,we observe the classification accuracy improvement for the pretrained model with 2.93%on EEG,4.90%on ECG,and 7.92%on EMG,*** optical programming property of the device enables an ultralow power(2.8×10^(-13) J)fine-tuning process and offers solutions for patient-specific issues in edge computing ***,the device exhibits impressive light-sensitive characteristics that enable a range of light-triggered synaptic functions,making it promising for neuromorphic vision *** display the benefits of these intricate synaptic properties,a 5×5 optoelectronic synapse array is developed,effectively simulating human visual perception and memory *** proposed flexible optoelectronic synapse holds immense potential for advancing the fields of neuromorphic physiological signal processing and artificial visual systems in wearable applications.

关键词： Neuromorphic computing Electrophysiological signal Artificial vision system Image recognition Memristor

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Dual-wavelength all-fiber Q-switched fiber laser using bismuth-doped fiber as saturable absorber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第3期20卷 147-151页

作者： Aruna Ghosh Abdulkadir Mukhtar Diblawe uttam kumar Samanta Moh Yasin Sulaiman Wadi Harun Mukul Chandra Paul Fiber Optics and Photonics Division CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research InstituteKolkata 700032India Physics Department Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700032India Photonics Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyAirlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia

A passively Q-switched all-fiber laser is demonstrated using a 10-cm-long bismuth-doped fiber(BDF) as a saturable absorber(SA). The dual-wavelength operation was obtained due to the nonlinear effect inside the fabricated BDF, which has a high germanium content. Stable Q-switched pulses were obtained at the dual synchronous wavelengths of 1 530.1 nm and 1 531.1 nm. When the pump power is tuned from 105.3 mW to 191.0 mW, the repetition rate can be varied from 82.6 kMz to 117.6 kHz. The maximum pulse energy and average output power were 83.4 nJ and 9.8 mW, respectively while the minimum pulse width was 8.5 μs at the maximum pump power of 191.0 mW. Our results indicate that BDF could be a promising alternative optical modulator for pulsed fiber laser application.

关键词： fiber switched pump

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Residue recycling options and their implications for sustainable nitrogen management in rice–wheat agroecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2023年第4期12卷 91-109页

作者： Ajay kumar Bhardwaj Kapil Malik Manu Rani uttam kumar Mandal Nirmalendu Basak Awtar Singh Rajender kumar Yadav Suresh kumar Chaudhari Dinesh kumar Sharma Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research Station Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Background In the Indo-Gangetic Plain, rice–wheat is the most extensively practiced crop rotation. The escalating issue of crop residue burning, particularly rice straw, and the necessity to lower the exorbitant expenses associated with fertilizer inputs stand out as significant challenges for farmers in the region. A well-suited integrated nutrient management（INM） strategy that focuses on recycling crop residues can serve as a solution to address these issues. Such a strategy not only mitigates air pollution resulting from residue burning but also helps combat water pollution due to nitrate losses from agroecosystems. Field experiments were used to evaluate the suitability of eight INM-modules that included various combinations of inorganic fertilizer rates（50%, 100%, 150% of recommended dose）, crop residues（wheat and rice stubble retention at 30 cm standing stubble equivalent to 1/3 the straw yield）, rice straw compost（RSC）, farmyard manure（FYM）, and green manuring（GM）, compared to 100% recommended dose of fertilizers（F） and no fertilizer *** There was a considerable improvement in nitrogen mineralization, grain yields, and nitrogen use efficiency under GM + RSC-F50 and GM + FYM-F50. These INM modules would permit a 50% reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers. There was a little yield penalty with in situ rice residue incorporation at 100% F; however, this could be overcome with 150% F fertilizer application. In situ retention of wheat straw with a full application of fertilizer resulted in steadily rising crop yields over time. Changes in the redox potential, soil p H, and soil organic carbon best accounted for the observed trajectories in nitrogen use *** The most promising INM modules for adoption by farmers in the Indo-Gangetic Plain to judiciously use crop residues and curtail chemical fertilizer inputs are green manuring with Sesbania aculeata + rice straw compost at 5 t ha-1+ only 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers

关键词： Rice–wheat Nitrogen use efficiency Sustainable nitrogen management index Crop residue Rice straw compost

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COVID-19 therapeutics:Clinical application of repurposed drugs and futuristic strategies for target-based drug discovery

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第4期10卷 1402-1428页

作者： Sunny kumar Malini Basu Pratyasha Ghosh uttam Pal Mrinal K.Ghosh Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology(CSIR-IICB)TRUE CampusCN-6SectoreVSalt LakeKolkata-700091&4Raja S.C.Mullick RoadJadavpurKolkata 700032India Department of Microbiology Dhruba Chand Halder CollegeDakshin BarasatWest Bengal 743372India Department of Economics Bethune CollegeUniversity of CalcuttaKolkata 700006India

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)causes the compli-cated disease *** are continuously facing huge problems in the treatment of patients,as COVID-19-specific drugs are not available,hence the principle of drug repurpos-ing serves as a one-and-only ***,the repurposing of many drugs is underway;few of them are already approved by the regulatory bodies for their clinical use and most of them are in different phases of clinical *** in this review,our main aim is to discuss in detail the up-to-date information on the target-based pharmacological classification of repurposed drugs,the potential mechanism of actions,and the current clinical trial status of various drugs which are under repurposing since early *** last,we briefly proposed the probable phar-macological and therapeutic drug targets that may be preferred as a futuristic drug discovery approach in the development of effective medicines.

关键词： Clinical trials COVID-19 Drug discovery Pharmacology Repurposing of drugs SARS-CoV-2

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Evaluating active leprosy case identifcation methods in six districts of Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 105-106页

作者： Ram kumar Mahato uttam Ghimire Madhav Lamsal Bijay Bajracharya Mukesh Poudel Prashnna Napit Krishna Lama Gokarna Dahal David T.S.Hayman Ajit kumar Karna Basu Dev Pandey Chuman Lal das Krishna Prasad Paudel Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Department of Health Services Ministry of Health and Population Kathmandu Nepal Epidemiology and Disease Control Division-Malaria Program Management Unit- SCI-GF Kathmandu Nepal Leprosy Control & Disability Management Section EPidemiology and Disease Control Division DoHS Kathmandu Nepal Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital & Service Center Nepal Leprosy Trust Lalgadh Nepal Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory Infectious Disease Research Centre Hopkirk Research Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Center for Health and Disease Studies-Nepal Kathmandu Nepal DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan

Background Nepal has achieved and sustained the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem since 2009,but 17 districts and 3 provinces with 41%(10,907,128)of Nepal’s population have yet to eliminate the *** cases and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)indicate recent transmission and late diagnosis,respectively,which necessitate active and early case *** operational research was performed to identify approaches best suited for early case detection,determine community-based leprosy epidemiology,and identify hidden leprosy cases early and respond with prompt *** Active case detection was undertaken in two Nepali provinces with the greatest burden of leprosy,Madhesh Province(40%national cases)and Lumbini Province(18%)and at-risk prison populations in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati *** detection was performed by(1)house-to-house visits among vulnerable populations(n=26,469);(2)contact examination and tracing(n=7608);in Madhesh and Lumbini Provinces and,(3)screening prison populations(n=4428)in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati Provinces of *** case direct medical and nonmedical costs for each approach were *** New case detection rates were highest for contact tracing(250),followed by house-to-house visits(102)and prison screening(45)per 100,000 population ***,the cost per case identifed was cheapest for house-to-house visits[Nepalese rupee(NPR)76,500/case],followed by contact tracing(NPR 90,286/case)and prison screening(NPR 298,300/case).House-to-house and contact tracing case paucibacillary/multibacillary(PB:MB)ratios were 59:41 and 68:32;female/male ratios 63:37 and 57:43;pediatric cases 11%in both approaches;and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)11%and 5%,*** leprosy was not signifcantly diferent among household and neighbor contacts[odds ratios(OR)=1.4,95%confdence interval(CI):0.24-5.85]and for contacts of MB versus PB cases(OR=0.7,95%CI 0.26-2.0).Attack rates were not signifcantly d

关键词： Leprosy Early case detection Community-based epidemiology Hidden case New case detection rate Attack rate Cost per case identifed Nepal

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Impact of anthropogenic disturbance on species diversity and vegetation structure of a lowland tropical rainforest of eastern Himalaya, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第11期15卷 2453-2465页

作者： Anudip GOGOI uttam kumar SAHOO Department of Forestry Mizoram University

Impact of anthropogenic disturbance on species diversity and vegetation structure of a lowland tropical rainforest was studied in the foothills of Eastern Himalaya, India. Tree species richness,density, basal area and the diversity indices were found significantly(P100 cm dbh class in all three sites. Density of the matured trees decreased with increasing DBH whereas, tree basal area tended to increase with increasing DBH in all three sites. Tree species richness was highest in the lower DBH classes.62.07% of the total tree species regenerated in the largely undisturbed site followed by 50% in the mildly disturbed and 26.32% in the highly disturbed *** overall regeneration condition was found to be good in the largely undisturbed site. Mildly disturbed site exhibited fair regeneration and so was in the highly disturbed site. Discernable variations in species composition, diversity, regeneration and tree population structure revealed the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on rainforest vegetation dynamics. Higher degree of disturbance was furtherly found not only affecting species diversity but also promoting the growth of invasive weed *** of Hydnocarpus kurzii and Crypteronia paniculata in the highly disturbed site also indicated that these les

关键词：植被结构热带雨林种类东方低地印度生物多样性人口结构

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Residue recycling options and their implications for sustainable nitrogen management in rice–wheat agroecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2023年 733-751页

Background In the Indo-Gangetic Plain, rice–wheat is the most extensively practiced crop rotation. The escalating issue of crop residue burning, particularly rice straw, and the necessity to lower the exorbitant expenses associated with fertilizer inputs stand out as significant challenges for farmers in the region. A well-suited integrated nutrient management（INM） strategy that focuses on recycling crop residues can serve as a solution to address these *** a strategy not only mitigates air pollution resulting from residue burning but also helps combat water pollution due to nitrate losses from agroecosystems. Field experiments were used to evaluate the suitability of eight INM-modules that included various combinations of inorganic fertilizer rates（50%, 100%, 150% of recommended dose）, crop residues（wheat and rice stubble retention at 30 cm standing stubble equivalent to 1/3 the straw yield）, rice straw compost（RSC）, farmyard manure（FYM）, and green manuring（GM）, compared to 100% recommended dose of fertilizers（F） and no fertilizer *** There was a considerable improvement in nitrogen mineralization, grain yields, and nitrogen use efficiency under GM + RSC-F50 and GM + FYM-F50. These INM modules would permit a 50% reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers. There was a little yield penalty with in situ rice residue incorporation at 100% F; however, this could be overcome with 150% F fertilizer application. In situ retention of wheat straw with a full application of fertilizer resulted in steadily rising crop yields over time. Changes in the redox potential, soil pH, and soil organic carbon best accounted for the observed trajectories in nitrogen use *** The most promising INM modules for adoption by farmers in the Indo-Gangetic Plain to judiciously use crop residues and curtail chemical fertilizer inputs are green manuring with Sesbania aculeata + rice straw compost at 5 t ha-1+ only 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers（G

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Vegetation and ecosystem carbon recovery following shifting cultivation in MizoramManipur-Kachin rainforest eco-region,Southern Asia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 236-248页

作者： Anudip Gogoi uttam kumar Sahoo Hemanta Saikia Department of Forestry Mizoram UniversityAizawl 796004India College of Sericulture Assam Agricultural UniversityJorhat 785013India

Background:Shifting cultivation(locally known as“jhum”)is a major driver of deforestation and loss of ecosystem services in *** developing any effective conservation of biodiversity and carbon service program,an indepth understanding to the recovery of vegetation and carbon after abandonment of jhum is *** estimated species richness,abundance and composition of trees,shrubs and herbs,carbon distribution in aboveground and belowground components along a chronosequence of jhum fallow in northeast India,and elucidated the factors affecting the recovery processes of jhum ***:Species composition and other plant community attributes,carbon storage in different pools were studied in 5 jhum fallows(<5,5-10,11-15,16-20,21-25 years old)and an old-growth *** data were subjected to linear mixed effect modeling using R-package“nlme”for identifying the important factors contributing to the recovery of vegetation and ***:Species composition varied significantly(P<0.05)between jhum fallows and old-growth *** density varied from 28 stems ha−1 in 5 years old jhum fallow to 163 stems ha−1 in old-growth *** biomass carbon in all components and soil organic carbon were significantly(P=0.01)lower in jhum fallows than in the old-growth forest except living non-woody biomass *** recovery of aboveground biomass carbon was faster during early successive years than the mid-successive jhum *** ecosystem carbon and soil organic carbon stock in the oldest jhum fallow was 33%and 62%of those in the old-growth forest,*** fallow age was found to be the most important explanatory factor in the recovery process of vegetation and carbon stock in re-growing ***:The shifting cultivation fallows gradually recovered both vegetation and carbon and are potential repository sites for biodiversity conservation,which may take much longer time to reach up to old-growth forest in northeast India.

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Regrowth forest Vegetation succession Carbon storage Restoration of degraded land

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Glidant effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanosilica on a cohesive powder： Comparison of different flow characterization techniques

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Particuology 2017年第2期15卷 69-79页

作者： Ahmad Fahmi Bin Ruzaidi uttam kumar Mandal Bappaditya Chatterjee Pharmaceutical Technology Kulliyyah of Pharrnacy IIUM Kuantan 25200 Malaysia

The methods used for flow characterization of a powder mass include the angle of repose （AOR）, Carr index （CI）, and powder flow tester （PFT）. The use of nanosilica as a flow modifier （glidant） is very common in industry. This study aims to compare the glidant effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica on a poorly flowable active pharmaceutical ingredient （ibuprofen） by different flow characterization techniques. Different percentages （0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%） of both types of mixed silica–ibuprofen powders were evaluated by the AOR, CI, bulk density, and PFT. The flow factor, effective angle of friction, and cohesion were determined to explain the bulk powder properties. The results show that different types of silica show different levels of flow property improvement, but the techniques do not equally discriminate the differences. Hydrophobic silica results in better improvement of the flow property than hydrophilic silica, probably because of its better surface coverage of silica on the host particles. Change of the bulk density with applied pressure was significant for the different powders. This study demonstrates that combining several characterization methods provides a better understanding of bulk powder flow properties with respect to powder–process relationships than a single flow indicator.

关键词： Silica Flow measurement Shear flow tester Cohesion Effective angle of friction Bulk density

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Toxic and Antifeedant Effects of Different Pesticidal Plant Extracts against Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 1161-1172页

作者： Muhammad Asad Rashad Rasool Khan Ahmed B.Aljuboory Muhammad Haroon URashid uttam kumar Inzamam Ul Haq Aqsa Hafeez Ahmed Noureldeen Khadiga Alharbi College of Life Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China Department of Entomology University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Plant Protection College of Agricultural Engineering ScienceUniversity of BaghdadBaghdad10071Iraq Department of Forestry and Range Management University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002China College of Plant Protection Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia

The beet armyworm(BAW),Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a highly destructive pest of vegetables and field *** of beet armyworm primarily relies on synthetic pesticides,which is threatening the beneficial community and *** importantly,the BAW developed resistance to synthetic pesticides with making it difficult to ***,alternative and environment-friendly pest management tactics are urgently *** use of pesticidal plant extracts provides an effective way for a sustainable pest management *** evaluate the use of pesticidal plant extracts against BAW,we selected six plant species(Lantana camara,Aloe vera,Azadirachta indica,Cymbopogon citratus,Nicotiana tabacum,and Ocimum basilicum)for initial screening *** out of six plant species such as ***,***,*** and *** showed promising mortality of more than 50%.Therefore,we selected these four plant extracts for the subsequent *** contact bioassay,*** showed high mortality 66.63%,followed by the *** 53.33%,at 10%w/v ***,*** showed the highest mortality rate,66%at 10%w/v concentration,followed by the *** 46%through feeding ***,the feeding deterrence assay showed that *** had a high antifeedant index(−50)followed by ***(−39),and ***(−28).In living plant assay,the *** extract showed a low mean damage score 3.6 on living cotton plant followed by *** 4.5 and *** ***,extracts of three plant species provided promising results against the BAW,which can minimize the use of synthetic chemicals,particularly for small landholding *** studies are also required to evaluate the effects of these plant extract against BAW on cotton plants under field conditions to optimize the further use.

关键词： Bioassay methods feeding deterrence botanical pesticide pest management sustainable agriculture

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