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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第2期10卷 274-291页

作者： Suvendu ROY Abhay sankar SAHU Department of Geography University of Kalyani Kalyani Nadia-741235 West Bengal India

A multidisciplinary approach using the inte- grated field of geosciences （e.g., geomorphology, geotec- tonics, geophysics, and hydrology） is established to conduct groundwater recharge potential mapping of the Kunur River Basin, India. The relative mean error （RME） calculation of the results of three applied techniques and water table data from twenty-four observation wells in the basin over the 2000-2010 period are presented. Nine sub- basins were identified and ranked for the RME calculation, where the observation wells-based ranking was taken as standard order for comparison. A linear model has been developed using six factors （drainage density, surface slope, ruggedness index, lineament density, Bouguer gravity anomaly, and potential maximum water retention capacity） and a grid-wise weighted index. In a separate comparative approach, the sub-basin and grid-wise analyses have been conducted to identify the suitable spatial unit for watershed level hydrological modeling.

关键词： groundwater basin morphometry SCS curvenumber geosciences geoinforrnatics

A Review on Surface Stress-Based Miniaturized Piezoresistive SU-8 Polymeric Cantilever Sensors

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第2期10卷 198-238页

作者： Ribu Mathew A.Ravi sankar School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE) Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Chennai

In the last decade, microelectromechanical systems(MEMS) SU-8 polymeric cantilevers with piezoresistive readout combined with the advances in molecular recognition techniques have found versatile applications,especially in the field of chemical and biological *** to conventional solid-state semiconductor-based piezoresistive cantilever sensors, SU-8 polymeric cantilevers have advantages in terms of better sensitivity along with reduced material and fabrication cost. In recent times,numerous researchers have investigated their potential as a sensing platform due to high performance-to-cost ratio of SU-8 polymer-based cantilever sensors. In this article, we critically review the design, fabrication, and performance aspects of surface stress-based piezoresistive SU-8 polymeric cantilever sensors. The evolution of surface stress-based piezoresistive cantilever sensors from solid-state semiconductor materials to polymers, especially SU-8 polymer, is discussed in detail. Theoretical principles of surface stress generation and their application in cantilever sensing technology are also devised. Variants of SU-8 polymeric cantilevers with different composition of materials in cantilever stacks are explained. Furthermore, the interdependence of the material selection, geometrical design parameters, and fabrication process of piezoresistive SU-8 polymeric cantilever sensors and their cumulative impact on the sensor response are also explained in *** addition to the design-, fabrication-, and performancerelated factors, this article also describes various challenges in engineering SU-8 polymeric cantilevers as a universal sensing platform such as temperature and moisture vulnerability. This review article would serve as a guideline for researchers to understand specifics and functionality of surface stress-based piezoresistive SU-8 cantilever sensors.

关键词： SU-8 polymer Surface stress Biological sensor Cantilever Chemical sensor Piezoresistor Immobilization

Prediction of cost and emission from Indian coal-fired power plants with C02 capture and storage using artificial intelligence techniques

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第1期13卷 149-162页

作者： Naushita SHARMA Udayan SINGH Siba sankar MAHAPATRA Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela769008 India

Coal-fired power plants are one of the most important targets with respect to reduction of CO2 *** reasons for this are that coal-fired power plants offer localized large point sources(LPS)of CO2 and that the Indian power sector con tributes to roughly half of all-India ***2capture and storage(CCS)can be implemented in these power plants for long-temi decarbonisation of the Indian *** this paper,two artificial intelligence(Al)techniques—adaptive network based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)and multi gene genetic programming(MGGP)are used to model Indian coal-fired power plants with CO2 *** data set of 75 power plants take the plant size,the capture type,the load and the CO2 emission as the input and the COE and annual CO2 emissions as the *** is found that MGGP is more suited to these applications with an R2 value of more than 99%between the predicted and actual values,as against the^96%correlation for the ANFIS *** also gives the traditionally expected results in sensitivity analysis,which ANFIS fails to *** other parameters in the base plant and CO2 capture unit may be included in similar studies to give a more accurate *** is because MGGP gives a better perspective toward qualitative data,such as capture type,as compared to ANFIS.

关键词： carbon capture and storage power plants artificial intelligence genetic programming neuro fuzzy

Evaluation of regression algorithms for estimating leaf area index and canopy water content from water stressed rice canopy reflectance

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2021年第2期8卷 284-298页

作者： Niranjan Panigrahi Bhabani sankar Das Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest Bengal 721302India School of Water Energy and EnvironmentCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430ALUK

Optical remote sensing(RS)with robust algorithms is needed for accurate assessment of crop canopy *** intensive studies on algorithms,their performance using RS needs to be *** evaluated five different algorithms(partial-least-squares regression(PLSR),support vector regression(SVR),random forest regression(RFR),locally-weighted-PLSR(PLSRLW)and PLSR with feature selection(PLSRFS))for rapid assessment of leaf area index(LAI)and canopy water content(CWC)for rice canopies using canopy reflectance spectra over visible to short-wave infrared *** pooled datasets of LAI(600)and CWC(480)were collected from two replicated field experiments during 2014–15 and 2015–16 rice growing *** performance of each algorithm was evaluated using coefficient of determination(R^(2)).Results showed that PLSRLW performed more accurately than other algorithms with R^(2) values 0.77 and 0.66 for LAI and CWC,*** also used a bootstrapping approach to generate a kernel density estimator of root mean squared error values for each *** results suggested that the improvement in prediction accuracy of LAI and CWC can be achieved if a suitable algorithm is selected by assigning higher weights to calibration samples,which has similar canopy structure as the test *** of the canopy spectral data results large error values in test dataset,therefore the use of entire season canopy spectral data should be used for model calibration.

关键词： Rice canopy Reflectance spectroscopy Calibration Retrieval algorithms Partial-least-squares regression

A study of clock effects in Newton-Maxwell formalism

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2020年第1期11卷 72-77页

作者： sankar Hajra Indian Physical Society 2A and 2B Raja S.C.Mullick RoadKolkata700032India

Many measurements on the time gain/loss of the atomic clocks orbiting the spinning Earth have been *** time gain/loss of the atomic clocks orbiting the spinning Earth is called gravitomagnetic clock *** effects have been well studied from the consideration of the relativity theory and the effects are thought to be relativistic ***,no studies has been done from the physics of Newton and the electrodynamics of *** this paper,we have studied clock effects from Newton-Maxwell consideration and have shown that clock effects could be considered as simple consequences of Newton’s physics and Maxwell’s electrodynamics.

关键词： Clock effect Electrodynamics Gravitation Coriolis effect

The Flight Dynamics of Tapejara,a Pterosaur From the Early Cretaceous of Brazil with a Large Cranial Crest

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第6期86卷 1377-1388页

作者： sankar CHATTERJEE R.Jack TEMPLIN Department of Geosciences Museum of Texas Tech University Aerodynamic Laboratory National Research Council

Tapejara wellnhoferi, a small azhdarchoid pterodactyloid from the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil, provides critical information about the aerodynamic function of its spectacular head crest. The cranial crests in pterodactyloids were sexually dimorphic and are thought to have evolved in adult males in response to female mate choice. However, the location of cranial crests in front of the center of gravity would create instability in the yaw axis during flight and may seem like a handicap. Vertically aligned webbed feet probably suppressed the yawing rotations and instability from the crest. Here we show that the crest functioned as a front rudder to make agile turn and mediate flight control. A computer simulation model suggests that Tapejara had a large excess of muscle power available above the power required for continuous flapping flight. It could easily takeoff from a perch, ground, or water surface and land safely on the ground. It was an excellent glider with a gliding angle close to 4~ and a cruising speed of 27 km/h. Tapejara could soar efficiently on the windward side of cliffs or circle on rising thermals over tropical waters for efficient long-distance flight. Various control surfaces in the wings of Tapejara analogous to the slat, aileron, elevator, fin, rudder, and horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft made pterodactyloids versatile flyers.

关键词： Tapejara Cretaceous pterodactyloids cranial crest flight Brazil

Bi-level Programming for Stackelberg Game with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Number: a Ranking Approach

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2021年第1期9卷 131-149页

作者： Sumit Kumar Maiti sankar Kumar Roy School of Applied Sciences and Humanities Haldia Institute of TechnologyPurba MidnaporeWB 721657India Department of Applied Mathematics with Oceanology and Computer ProgrammingVidyasagar UniversityMidnaporeWB 721102India

This paper introduces a ranking function procedure on a bi-level programming for Stackelberg game involving intuitionistic fuzzy *** fuzzy num-ber is considered in many real-life situations,so it makes perfect sense to address decision-making problem by using some specified intuitionistic fuzzy *** this paper,intuitionistic fuzziness is characterized by a normal generalized triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number.A defuzzification method is introduced based on the pro-portional probability density function associated with the corresponding membership function,as well as the complement of non-membership *** the proposed ranking technique,a methodology is presented for solving bi-level programming for Stackelberg *** application example is provided to demonstrate the applica-bility of the proposed methodology,and the achieved results are compared with the existing methods.

关键词： Bi-levelprogramming Triangular intuitionistic fuzz ynumber Ranking function Nonlinear programming Optimal solution

Chromium-induced membrane damage: protective role of ascorbic acid

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第3期13卷 272-275页

作者： sankar Kumar Dey Prasunpriya Nayak Somenath Roy Department of Human Physiology with Community Health Vidyasagar UniversityMidnapore 721102West BengalIndia

Importance of chromium as environmental toxicant is largely due to impact on the body to produce cellular toxicity. The impact of chromium and their supplementation with ascorbic acid was studied on plasma membrane of liver and kidney in male Wistar rats (80-100g body weight). It has been observed that the intoxication with chromium (i.p.) at the dose of 0.8 mg/100g body weight per day for a period of 28 days causes significant increase in the level of cholesterol and decrease in the level of phospholipid of both liver and kidney. The alkaline phosphatase, total ATPase and Na\++\|K\++\|ATPase activities were significantly decreased in both liver and kidney after chromium treatment, except total ATPase activity of kidney. It is suggested that chromium exposure at the present dose and duration induce for the alterations of structure and function of both liver and kidney plasma membrane. Ascorbic acid (i.p. at the dose of 0.5 mg/100g body weight per day for period of 28 days) supplementation can reduce these structural changes in the plasma membrane of liver and kidney. But the functional changes can not be completely replenished by the ascorbic acid supplementation in response to chromium exposure. So it is also suggested that ascorbic acid (nutritional antioxidant) is useful free radical scavenger to restrain the chromium induced membrane damage.

关键词： chromium liver kidney membrane ascorbic acid

Corrosion Behavior of Reactive Sputtered Al_2O_3 and ZrO_2 Thin Films on Mg Disk Immersed in Saline Solution

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第9期31卷 873-880页

作者： Ruben Kotoka Sergey Yarmolenko Devdas Pai Jag sankar Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials North Carolina A&T State University

Magnesium has attracted a lot of attention over the last few decades due to its light weight and potential use as biomaterial However, the poor corrosion resistance of magnesium restricts its practical use for ap- plication where exposure to aggressive aqueous media is unavoidable. This paper describes the growth, characterization and corrosion analyses of Al2O3 and ZrO2 thin film coatings aimed at slowing down the fast degradation of Mg in saline solution. In this study, different thicknesses of Al2O3 and ZrO2 were de- posited on pure magnesium （99.95%） disk using pulsed-DC reactive sputtering process. The microstructure and phase analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）, respectively. The corrosion protection behavior of the Al2O3 and ZrO2 coated magnesium samples im- mersed in 0,9 wt% NaCl solution were evaluated using electrochemical measurement techniques, such as open-circuit potential （OCP）, potentiodynamic polarization （PD） and electrochemical impedance spectros- copy （EIS）. The microstructural analyses showed that the Al2O3 thin film coatings have circular grains between 5 and 25 nm, while the ZrO2 coatings have bigger ellipsoidal grains. The results from the electrochemical corrosion analyses showed that the Al2O3 coated Mg disk had corrosion resistance of approximately 3 times that of ZrO2 coated Mg disk. It was also observed that increasing the thickness of the Al2O3 coating im- proved the corrosion resistance of the Mg disk. These results suggest that Al2O3 and ZrO2 coating can be used to effectively control the fast degradation of magnesium for medical implant applications.

关键词： Magnetron sputteringMagnesiumaluminum oxideZirconium oxidePorosity

Alpha-tocopherol supplementation on chromium toxicity: a study on rat liver and kidney cell membrane

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 356-359页

作者： sankar Kumar Dey Prasunpriya Nayak Somenath Roy Department of Human Physiology with Community Health Vidyasagar UniversityDepartment of Human Physiology with Community Health Vidyasagar UniversityDepartment of Human Physiology with Community Health Vidyasagar University Midnapore-721 102 West Bengal IndiaMidnapore-721 102 West Bengal IndiaMidnapore-721 102 West Bengal India

Membrane damage is one of the important consequence of chromium, an environmental toxicant, to produce cytotoxicity. α-tocopherol, a membrane protectant can be used to reduce the chromium-induced membrane damage. In the present study, the impact of chromium in presence and absence of α-tocopherol was studied on plasma membrane of liver and kidney in male Wistar rats (80—100 g body weight). Significant increase in membrane cholesterol level as well as significant decrease in membrane phospholipid level in chromium exposed ( 0.8 mg /100 g body weight/d, i.p., for 4 weeks) animals suggest structural alteration of both liver and kidney plasma memebrane. The alkaline phosphatase, total ATPase and Na +-K +-ATPase activities of plasma membrane were significantly decreased in both liver and kidney after chromium treatment. However, α-tocopherol (30 mg/100 g diet) supplementation can restrict the changes in these membrane-bound enzyme activities. Thus, the usefulness of dietary supplementation of α-tocopherol to restrain the chromium-induced membrane damage is suggested.

关键词： chromium liver kidney membrane α-tocopherol