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湖泊沉积植物DNA宏条形码技术在青藏高原植被调查中的应用

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中国科学:地球科学 2024年第11期54卷 3629-3646页

作者：吴铠李凯贾伟瀚 Kathleen R.STOOF-LEIChSENRING ulrike hERZSChUh 倪健廖梦娜田芳浙江师范大学生命科学学院 Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems Research Group Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Institute of Environmental Science and Geography University of Potsdam Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院

得益于环境DNA技术的快速发展,沉积DNA(sedDNA)正在成为偏远地区植被监测和调查的便捷方法,并具有较大的发展潜力.青藏高原气候环境条件恶劣,同时小型湖泊众多,利用sedDNA进行植被调查不仅有助于了解高原现代植被状况,也是进行高原古植... 详细信息

得益于环境DNA技术的快速发展,沉积DNA(sedDNA)正在成为偏远地区植被监测和调查的便捷方法,并具有较大的发展潜力.青藏高原气候环境条件恶劣,同时小型湖泊众多,利用sedDNA进行植被调查不仅有助于了解高原现代植被状况,也是进行高原古植被重建的潜在需求.本研究以中国青藏高原西南部59个泡子/湖泊表层沉积物为研究对象,使用通用植物引物g-h扩增叶绿体trn L(UAA)内含子P6环区,获取了sedDNA中的植物组成信息,并将其与野外植被调查记录和沉积物花粉数据进行对比分析,探讨了基于沉积物的植物DNA宏条形码技术在青藏高原地区现代植被监测和古植被重建中的适用性和局限性.研究结果表明,植物DNA宏条形码信号共记录了186个陆生植物类群,其中30.1%的序列可以鉴定到种水平.植物sedDNA方法可以揭示调查地点周围的主要植物类群(包括菊科、莎草科和禾本科)以及重要植被组合.植物sedDNA的类群数量和分类学分辨率均超过花粉分析(75个类群,其中5.3%的类群可以鉴定到种水平).与花粉保留大量的区域植物信号(包括松属和蒿属)不同,植物sedDNA反映了高度局地的植物信号,凸显了植物sedDNA在局地植被监测和重建中的重要性.综上所述,(小型)湖泊植物sedDNA宏条形码研究在未来的青藏高原区域植被监测和重建中值得更多的关注.

关键词：沉积DNA 宏条形码花粉植被组成青藏高原

Microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with different prestrain levels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： Y.h.Zhang h.Li Z.W.Yang X.Liu Q.F.Gu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of high-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy(SMA)is a promising material in the aerospace field due to its wide transformation *** application of shape memory effect depends on multistep thermomechan-ical loading,viz.,low-temperature deformation and subsequent heating to ***-temperature deformation prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape memory properties tailoring of SMA ***,microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)SMA subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(M_(s)+30℃)were *** results demonstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specimen exhibits four distinct stages at a maximal prestrain of 16%.Whereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced martensitic transformation is accompanied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi matrix andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further growth of stress-induced martensite variants(SIMVs),(001)compound twins are introduced as a result of the(001)deformation twinning in stress-induced ***{20-1}martensite twins are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite twins form in the specimen with a larger prestrain of 16%.With increasing prestrain from 8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a maximum of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the formation of new SIMVs,the further growth of existing SIMVs,and the recoverable(001)compound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is mainly associated with the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}martensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy Wide transformation hysteresis Thermomechanical loading Microstructure evolution Shape memory behaviors Stress-induced martensitic transformation Deformation twinning

A Comprehensive Review on Charging Topologies and Power Electronic Converter Solutions for Electric Vehicles

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 675-694页

作者： Abdelfatah Ali hossam h.h.Mousa Mostafa F.Shaaban Maher A.Azzouz Ahmed S.A.Awad the Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah26666 SharjahUnited Arab Emirates the Department of Electrical Engineering South Valley University83523 QenaEgypt the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4 Canada Electrical Engineering Department Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat123Oman

Electric vehicles(EVs)are becoming more popular worldwide due to environmental concerns,fuel security,and price *** performance of EVs relies on the energy stored in their batteries,which can be charged using either AC(slow)or DC(fast)***,EVs can also be used as mobile power storage devices using vehicle-to-grid(V2G)*** electronic converters(PECs)have a constructive role in EV applications,both in charging EVs and in ***,this paper comprehensively investigates the state of the art of EV charging topologies and PEC solutions for EV *** examines PECs from the point of view of their classifications,configurations,control approaches,and future research prospects and their impacts on power *** can be classified into various topologies:DC-DC converters,AC-DC converters,DC-AC converters,and AC-AC *** address the limitations of traditional DC-DC converters such as switching losses,size,and high-electromagnetic interference(EMI),resonant converters and multiport converters are being used in high-voltage EV ***,power-train converters have been modified for high-efficiency and reliability in EV *** paper offers an overview of charging topologies,PECs,challenges with solutions,and future trends in the field of the EV charging station applications.

关键词： Charging station charging topology electric vehicle power electronic converter vehicle-to-grid

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Optimizing Average Electric Power During the Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Through the Taguchi Method

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第2期30卷 152-166页

作者： Mohd h.S.Alrashdan Department of Electrical Engineering Al-Hussein Bin Talal UniversityMaan 71110Jordan

In recent times, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used owing to their high energy density, extended cycle lifespan, and minimal self-discharge rate. The design of high-speed rechargeable lithium-ion batteries faces a significant challenge owing to the need to increase average electric power during charging. This challenge results from the direct influence of the power level on the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the battery electrodes. In this study, the Taguchi optimization method was used to enhance the average electric power during the charging process of lithium-ion batteries. The Taguchi technique is a statistical strategy that facilitates the systematic and efficient evaluation of numerous experimental variables. The proposed method involved varying seven input factors, including positive electrode thickness, positive electrode material, positive electrode active material volume fraction, negative electrode active material volume fraction, separator thickness, positive current collector thickness, and negative current collector thickness. Three levels were assigned to each control factor to identify the optimal conditions and maximize the average electric power during charging. Moreover, a variance assessment analysis was conducted to validate the results obtained from the Taguchi analysis. The results revealed that the Taguchi method was an eff ective approach for optimizing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries. This indicates that the positive electrode material, followed by the separator thickness and the negative electrode active material volume fraction, was key factors significantly infl uencing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries response. The identification of optimal conditions resulted in the improved performance of lithium-ion batteries, extending their potential in various applications. Particularly, lithium-ion batteries with average electric power of 16 W and 17

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Average electric power during charging Taguchi method COMSOL Multiphysics software C rate L27 orthogonal array

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Prospect Theory Based Individual Irrationality Modelling and Behavior Inducement in Pandemic Control

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 139-170页

作者： Wenxiang Dong h.Vicky Zhao Department of Automation BNRistTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic ***,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the ***,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual *** address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic *** to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is ***,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of *** and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.

关键词： Disease spread behavior model irrationality prospect theory

DFT investigation of half-metallic ferromagnetic rare earth based spinels Mgho_(2)Z_(4)(Z=S,Se)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 121-128,I0005页

作者： Maiza Zanib Mumtaz Manzoor N.A.Noor M.Waqas Iqbal Mazia Asghar h.h.hegazy A.Laref Department of Physics Riphah International UniversityLahore CampusPakistan Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science King Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Physics and Astronomy College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

half-metallic ferromagnetism,mechanical as well as thermoelectric properties for rare earth-based spinels Mgho_(2)Z_(4)(Z=S,Se)were investigated using density functional theory(DFT).Structural optimization was done with Perdew-Burke-Ehrenzorf(PBE)sol-generalized gradient approximation(GGA)to calculate the lattice constant of both spinels comparable to experimental *** addition,Born stability criteria and negative formation energy show that our studied spinels are also structurally and dynamically stable in the cubic *** ferromagnetic(FM)state stability,we also calculated the energy differences among FM,antiferromagnetic(AFM),and non-magnetic(NM)***,Curie temperatures of ferromagnetic phases were also *** used Trans-Blaha improved BeckeJohnson(TB-mBJ)potential functional for electronics as well as magnetic characteristics,which lead to the consistent explanation of half-metallic ferromagnetism,representing the whole band-occupancy in material with exact detail of density of states(DOS).The stable FM state was examined in spinels due to the exchange splitting of ho cation consisting of p-d hybridizations compatible with the result achieved for electronics band structure and ***,spin magnetic moment was explained in terms of anion,cation,and sharing charge on studied *** addition,the calculated thermoelectric properties clearly show that operation range of these systems may be utilized by future experimental works for identifying the potential applications of these systems.

关键词： ho-based spinels DFT simulations Mechanical parameters Electronic properties hM ferromagnetism Figure of merit

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In situ U-Pb age determination and Nd isotopic analysis of perovskites from kimberlites in southern Africa and Somerset Island,Canada

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In situ U-Pb age determination and Nd isotopic analysis of p...

Linear OPF-based Robust Dynamic Operating Envelopes with Uncertainties in Unbalanced Distribution Networks

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学术年会

作者： Roger h.mitchell Department of Geology Lakehead UniversityThunder BayOntarioCanada P7B 5E1

Determination of the emplacement ages and initial isotopic composition of ldmberlite by conventional isotopic methods using bulk rock samples is unreliable as these rocks usually contain diverse clasts of crustal-and mantle-derived materials and can be subject to post-intrusion sub-aerial *** this study,8 samples from 5 kimberlites in southern Africa and twelve samples from 7 kimberlites from Somerset Island,Canada have been selected for in situ perovskite U-Pb isotopic age determination and Nd isotopic analysis by laser ablation using thin sections and mineral *** fresh perovsldtes occur as primary groundmass minerals with grain-sizes of 10-100μ*** were formed during the early stage of magmatic crystallization,and record data for the least contaminated or contamination-free ldmberlitic magma.U-Pb isotopic data indicate that the majority of the southern Africa kimberlites investigated were emplaced during the Cretaceous with ages of 88±3 to 97±6 Ma, although one sample yielded an Early Paleozoic age of 515±6 *** samples from Somerset Island yielded ages ranging from 93±4 Ma to 108±5 Ma and are contemporaneous with other Cretaceous ldmberlite magmatism in central Canada(103-94 Ma).Although whole-rock compositions of the kimberlites from southern Africa have a large range ofε(t)values(-0.5 to +5.1),the analysed perovsldtes show a more limited range of +1.2 to +3.1. Perovsldtes from Somerset Island haveε(t)values of-0.2 to +*** values are lower than that of depleted asthenospheric mantle,suggesting that kimberlites might be derived from the lower *** study shows that in situ U-Pb and Nd isotopic analysis of perovskite by laser ablation is both rapid and economic,and serves as a powerful tool for the determination of the emplacement age and potential source of ldmberlite magmas.

关键词： Laser ablation U-Pb ages Nd isotopes Perovskite Kimberlite Southern Africa Canada

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第4期12卷 1320-1326页

作者： Bin Liu Julio h.Braslavsky Nariman Mahdavi Energy Centre Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)Newcastle 2300Australia the Network Planning Division TransgridSydney 2000Australia the Energy Systems Program Energy CentreCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)Newcastle 2300Australia

Dynamic operating envelopes(DOEs),as key enablers to facilitate distributed energy resource(DER)integration,have attracted increasing attention in the past ***,uncertainties,which may come from load forecasting errors or inaccurate network parameters,have been rarely discussed in DOE calculation,leading to compromised quality of the hosting capacity allocation *** letter studies how to calculate DOEs that are immune to such uncertainties based on a linearised unbalanced three-phase optimal power flow(UTOPF)*** uncertain parameters constrained by norm balls,formulations for calculating robust DOEs(RDOEs)are presented along with discussions on their *** cases,including a 2-bus illustrative network and a representative Australian network,are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.

关键词： Distributed energy resource(DER) dynamic operating envelope(DOE) feasible region robust optimisation uncertainty modelling unbalanced optimal power flow

Rational design of AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via double shelling scheme

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： h.X.Lu h.Liu Z.Z.Fu Y.Y.Chen h.Q.Dai Z.hu W.L.Zhang R.Q.Guo Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China Zhongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthesize highly luminescent AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner ZnS shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer ZnS shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthesized AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS QDs showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLQY reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in Zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between Zn cation diffusion and ZnS shelling ***,the ZnS shelling reaction was dominant when ZnCl_(2)was employed,while Zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the ZnS shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGaS Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface