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Prospects of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of pyometra in canine

Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2020年第4期9卷 166-173页

作者： Laishram Kipjen Singh Manas kumar Patra Girish kumar Mishra Abhishek Chandra Saxena Ujjwal Kumar De Sanjay kumar Singh Harendra kumar Krishnaswamy Narayanan Animal Reproduction Division Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarU.P.243122India Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics Division ICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnal-132001India department of Veterinary Gynaecology andObstetrics College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal HusbandryAnjoraDurg(C.G.)India Referral Veterinary Polyclinic ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarU.P.243122India ICAR-Indian Veterinary Reseach Institute HebbalBangaluru 560024India

Pyometra is one of the most common uterine pathologies of intact bitch at middle to advanced age. In the early stages, the disease shows subtle changes, making diagnosis a challenge. In contrast, at later stages, it manifests as potentially life-threatening systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Ultrasonographic examination of the uterus aids in the diagnosis, although it has limitation in ascertaining the clinical severity of pyometra. Moreover, differentiation of cystic endometrial hyperplasia from pyometra could not be discerned with greater accuracy. Therefore, false negative diagnosis of pyometra patients leads to development of systemic inflammatory response, which delays administration of therapies and results in deaths during early course of treatment. Further, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials at higher dose in false positive cases considerably contributes to the rising pool of drug resistant pathogens, thereby increasing the risk of case fatality due to sepsis in a long-term. Monitoring the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, endotoxin, growth factors and inflammatory mediators is the current trend in pyometra research, especially for developing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The present review deals with the prospects of developing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the canine pyometra.

关键词： Pyometra Systemic inflammatory response Acute-phase proteins Prostaglandin F metabolite Canine

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The future of mountain agriculture amidst continual farm-exit, livelihood diversification and outmigration in the Central Himalayan villages

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 755-768页

作者： Niyati NAUDIYAL Kusum ARUNACHALAM ujjwal kumar School of Environment and Natural Resources Doon University

Agrarian patterns in mountain ecosystems have seen a considerable change in the past decades with a vast proportion of the population abandoning traditional agriculture and diversifying their livelihood options, primarily through out-migration. This trend is especially common amongst the subsistence based family-farming communities in developing countries. This study aims at assessing methods of livelihood diversification and factors influencing farm-exit in Central Himalayan villages of Uttarakhand, India, while trying to understand local perspectives on challenges in pursuing agriculture as a viable livelihood option. We collected qualitative and quantitative data from 951 households across 60 villages evenly distributed across six hill districts of Uttarakhand, using key-person interviews and household surveys. The results of the study highlight that farm-exit is significantly influenced by livelihood diversification, number of migrants, number of female family members, and availability of irrigation facilities. In general, perception of the respondents towards agriculture as a viable livelihood option is rather unenthusiastic, with 87% of the respondents citing human wildlife conflict as the main challenge in pursuing farming, amongst several other challenges. Diversification is an integral component of present rural economy with 80.13% of the total population dependent on more than one source of income, to maintain their livelihoods. However, there is no statistically significant influence of livelihood diversification on annual income of the household. If agro-based entrepreneurial ventures are to be promoted in the region there is an urgent need for timely introduction of radical policy, institutional, and land-reforms. Economic uplifting of the local population through such efforts can also be a possible solution to the growing trends of out-migration in the state.

关键词： Agriculture Diversification Rural livelihoods Migration Himalaya

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Tribological characteristics of friction stir processed graphite and tin/LM24 surface composites

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Friction 2021年第3期9卷 569-582页

作者： Vipin SHARMA ujjwal PRAKASH B.Venkata MANOJ kumar department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee 247667India

Friction stir processing(FSP)is an emerging solid-state technique for preparing surface composites using various reinforcements.Ceramics and metallic particles are easily reinforced in a matrix by this technique.Surface composites made from an LM24 alloy reinforced with graphite and tin,with good wettability and material flow owing to the low melting point of tin,were fabricated by FSP at two rotational speeds of 1,400 and 1,000 rpm.despite its low hardness,the graphite/LM24 surface composite fabricated at a higher rotational speed of 1,400 rpm exhibited better wear resistance.However,its frictional behavior was not significantly affected by the reinforcement.The fabricated surface composites with graphite and tin reinforcement as well as graphite-only reinforcement exhibited contradicting behaviors under sliding wear conditions.The post wear analysis indicated that abrasion,adhesion,layer formation,and delamination occurred on the composite surfaces.

关键词： composites friction stir processing graphite tin Al-Si alloy wear

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Effect of forest fire on soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activity in oak and pine forests of Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 394-407页

作者： devanshi Singh Priyanka Sharma ujjwal kumar Achlesh Daverey Kusum Arunachalam School of Environment and Natural Resources Doon UniversityDehradunUttarakhand 248012India

Background:Forest fire incidences in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand,India are very common in summers.Pine and oak are the principal and dominant species of Himalayan subtropical forest and Himalayan temperate forest,respectively.Forest vegetation influences the physicochemical and biological properties of soil and forest fire in pine and oak forests may have a different effect on the physicochemical and biological properties of soil.Therefore,the present study was carried out to assess the impact of forest fire on soil microbial properties,enzymatic activity,and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties in the advent of forest fire in the pine and oak forests of the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand Himalaya,India.Results:The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,soil basal respiration,and acid phosphatase activity decreased,whereas dehydrogenase activity increased at burnt sites of both forest types.The overall change in soil microbial biomass carbon was 63 and 40%at the burnt oak forest and burnt pine forest,respectively.dehydrogenase activity and acid phosphatase activity showed a strong positive correlation with soil organic matter(r=0.8)and microbial indices,respectively.The ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen was reduced at burnt sites of both forest types.Factor analysis results showed that fire had a significant impact on soil characteristics.The soil basal respiration was linked with macro-and micronutrients at burnt sites,whereas at control sites,it was linked with physicochemical properties of soil along with nutrients.Conclusion:Forest fire had a significant impact on soil properties of both forest types.The impact of forest fire on soil microbial biomass carbon was stronger in the oak forest than in the pine forest.Forest type influenced soil enzymatic activity at burnt sites.The bacterial community was dominated over fungi in burnt sites of both forests.Soil microbial indices can be used as a selective measure to assess the impact of fire.Furthermore,forest type plays

关键词： Microbial indices Soil enzymes Microbial biomass Forest fire Pine forest Oak forest

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Modeling and Simulation of Heat Transfer Phenomenon from Infant Radiant Warmer for a Newborn Baby

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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2021年第2期9卷 111-123页

作者： Kollol dey Ujjwal Kumar Deb department of Mathematics Premier University Chattogram Bangladesh department of Mathematics Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chattogram Bangladesh

Nowadays death of a newborn baby due to hypothermia is one of the vital factors. To overcome the problem infant radiant warmer has been used in hospitals which helps to prevent excessive heat loss of the baby by maintaining a proper temperature. However, in practice, it is critical to regulating proper thermal stability that is exactly required for a premature baby to conquer the heat loss problem. In this study, we have established a computational model for heat transfer analysis using the Finite Element Method. The heat transfer to the surrounding area skin of newborn with the help of Infant Radiant Warmer (IRW) is simulated to study the best range of light source to overcome the hypothermia. We simulate the efficiency and effect of the infant radiant of the thermal radiation using COMSOL Multiphysics program. For this simulation, we considered the distance between the infant’s mattress and the bottom surface of the heater unit as 70 cm and the heater power 500 watts, and 600 watts. We have investigated mattress temperature, baby temperature and surface radiosity which are important to understand to increase newborn baby body temperature. It is found that the temperature of mattress raises up to 36 - 36.5 degrees Celsius

关键词： Infant Radiant Warmer Hypothermia Modal Analysis Heat Transfer FEM

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Calculation of the Average Irradiance and the Microalgae Growth for a Year at CUET, Bangladesh

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2016年第3期6卷 237-244页

作者： Ismot Ara Khanam Ujjwal Kumar Deb department of Mathematics Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology Chittagong Bangladesh

The light is one of the important factors for the microalgae growth in the biofuel technology. As biofuel project is large and expensive thus before setting a microalgae based biofuel project in any geographical location, it is important to investigate the suitability of all important parameters involving with the system. This paper aims to investigate the sunlight availability and the microalgae growth for a photobioreactor at Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET). A computational growth model related to the average irradiance is proposed to calculate the growth of microalgae. We observed that average irradiance is the highest in June and is the lowest in december. From our simulation it is found that the growth of microalgae varies with the average irradiance in a year.

关键词： Biofuel Microlagae Light Irradiance Tubular Reactor Simulation

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Computational Modeling and Dynamics of the Oil and Water Flow Using the Galerkin Approximation

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2017年第1期7卷 58-69页

作者： Ferdusee Akter Ujjwal Kumar Deb department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chittagong Bangladesh department of Mathematics Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology Chittagong Bangladesh

A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model is presented to analyze the flow dynamics of a two phase incompressible flow in the application sectors of different industries. The Finite Element method (FEM) which is based on the Galerkin approximation, has been implemented for this two phase flow model. Generally, two-phase flows can occur in different forms like gas-liquid, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid forms. The Oil and Water two-phase flow is an important phenomenon in petroleum industry for crude oil production and transportation. In our study, a laminar flow of liquid-liquid phase is considered to simulate the flow dynamics where the liquid phases are water and oil. The COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to perform the simulation including velocity profile, volume fraction, shear rate, pressure distributions and interfacial thicknesses at different times. A typical circular tube domain with radius 0.05 m and length 8 m is assumed for our simulation.

关键词： Two-phase Flow CFD Galerkin Method FEM Simulation

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Modeling and Simulation of a Cracked Beam with Different Location Using FEM

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2020年第4期9卷 145-158页

作者： Rajib Karmaker Ujjwal Kumar Deb Amrita Das department of Mathematics Premier University Chattogram Bangladesh department of Mathematics Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chattogram Bangladesh department of Civil Engineering Southern University Bangladesh Chattogram Bangladesh

Nowadays presence of crack in different engineering structures becomes a serious threat to the performance. Since most of the civil and mechanical structures may be damaged due to material fatigue, mechanical vibration, environmental attack and long-term service. Moreover, dynamical systems of a beam usually possess a non-linear character, which causes practical difficulties on the model-based damage detection techniques. This paper presents a novel approach to detect damage in a simply supported beam. In this study, a numerical simulation using the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been done to determine the frequencies to detect the crack in a concrete beam of length 0.12 m and width 0.015 m. A vibration-based model is employed to simulate the results by using COMSOL Multiphysics. At the tip, by performing the computational analysis it is found that the presence of cracks affects the natural frequencies of the concrete structure. It is observed that after applying load, the frequencies of the cracked beam have been changed with the variation of the location of the crack for all the modes of vibration. It also found that maximum frequency reserved at the cracked point so it will also help us to detect different hidden defects in any structure. A comparison is also made with the experimental results. It is also found that the effect of crack is more near the fixed end than at the free end.

关键词： Vibration Characteristics Crack detection Modal Analysis Condition Monitoring FEM

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Comparative Analysis of Hydrodynamics Behavior of Microalgae Suspension Flow in Circular, Square and Hexagonal Shape Photo Bioreactors

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2016年第4期6卷 320-335页

作者： Mushfique Shahriar Mohammad Iftekhar Monir Ujjwal Kumar Deb department of Mechanical Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology Chittagong Bangladesh department of Mathematics Premier University Chittagong Bangladesh department of Mathematics Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology Chittagong Bangladesh

Microalgae based biofuel is an emerging natural source of energy alternative to the fossil fuel. As microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms, light is one of the limiting factors for its culture. Though many researches have been carried out for findings behind suitable culture system for the proper growth of microalgae, those are confined only to tubular Photo-bioreactor (PBR). This paper aims to make comparison among the horizontal loop photo bioreactors with different cross sections based on the analysis of hydrodynamics behavior. Three different geometrical shapes having vertical cross sections of circular, square and hexagonal PBR, have been proposed taking into account light intensity for microalgae culture. In this study, we simulate the flow dynamics of three types of PBRs and discuss the velocity, pressure and shear stress properties as microalgae endurance capacity depends on them. For the dimension of the three PBRs we considered here, each of them have radius of about 0.05 m while the length together with bending portion is approximately 20.5 m for a single loop. From the study, the hydrodynamic behaviors are observed to be quite dissimilar in case of three PBR’s. In the straight portion the velocity profile is quite parabolic in tubular but distorted minimally in case of square and hexagonal PBRs. In the middle of the U-loop, a haphazard fluid distribution is noticed. The velocity magnitude and agitation of microalgae cells are higher in hexagonal than in square and tubular. The shear rate is less in case of tubular compared to square and hexagonal. A linear pressure drop is found from the inlet to the outlet for three PBR’s. From this comparison, it can be said that the tubular one would be the best option for microalgae culture in case of industrial purposes.

关键词： CFD Microalgae Biofuel Photo Bioreactor Simulation

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The Growth Factors Involved in Microalgae Cultivation for Biofuel Production: A Review

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2020年第4期9卷 185-215页

作者： Kamrul Hasan Chowdury Nurun Nahar Ujjwal Kumar Deb department of Mathematics Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology Chittagong Bangladesh

The growing demand for energy and the negative environmental impacts of fossil fuel use are triggering global searches for a renewable and eco-friendly alternative biofuel. Microalgae are considered as one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuel production, due to many advantages including cultivation in non-arable land and being able to grow in wastewater or seawater. That is why;microalgae-based biofuels are regarded as one of the best candidates to replace fossil fuels. There are two main types of microalgae cultivation systems: Open Raceway Ponds and Closed Photobioreactos (PBRs). Due to some limitations in Open Raceways, PBRs have become the most favorable choice for biofuel producers, even though it is costly. To make the process viable, the growth of microalgae for biofuel production should be cost-effective. One way to achieve this goal is to optimize the environmental factors that influence their growth during the cultivation stage to increase the accumulation of bio-compounds of fuel. Algal growth relies mostly on nutrients, CO2 concentration, pH and salinity, light intensity and quality, temperature and finally mixing, which directly affects all other factors. Thus, before designing PBR, a thorough study on these growth parameters is needed. In the present study,

关键词： Microalgae Biofuel Photobioreactor Cultivation Growth Factors

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