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Programming nonlinear propagation for efficient optical learning machines

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 73-83页

作者： Ilker Oguz Jih-Liang Hsieh Niyazi Ulas Dinc ugur Tegin Mustafa Yildirim Carlo Gigli Christophe Moser Demetri Psaltis École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Institute of Electrical and Micro EngineeringEcublensSwitzerland Koc University Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringIstanbulTurkey

The ever-increasing demand for training and inferring with larger machine-learning models requires more efficient hardware solutions due to limitations such as power dissipation and scalability.Optics is a promising contender for providing lower power computation,since light propagation through a nonabsorbing medium is a lossless operation.However,to carry out useful and efficient computations with light,generating and controlling nonlinearity optically is a necessity that is still elusive.Multimode fibers(MMFs)have been shown that they can provide nonlinear effects with microwatts of average power while maintaining parallelism and low loss.We propose an optical neural network architecture that performs nonlinear optical computation by controlling the propagation of ultrashort pulses in MMF by wavefront shaping.With a surrogate model,optimal sets of parameters are found to program this optical computer for different tasks with minimal utilization of an electronic computer.We show a remarkable decrease of 97%in the number of model parameters,which leads to an overall 99%digital operation reduction compared to an equivalently performing digital neural network.We further demonstrate that a fully optical implementation can also be performed with competitive accuracies.

关键词： neural networks nonlinear optics fiber optics surrogate optimization neuromorphic computing wavefront shaping

The role of disaggregated renewable energy consumption on income and load capacity factor:A novel inclusive sustainable growth approach

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 39-49页

作者： ugur Korkut Pata Qiang Wang Mustafa Tevfik Kartal Arshian Sharif Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Faculty of Economics and Administrative SciencesDepartment of EconomicsMerkez80000 OsmaniyeTurkey Adnan Kassar School of Business Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon School of Economics and Management China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580People’s Republic of China Borsa Istanbul Strategic Planning Financial Reportingand Investor Relations Directorate34467İstanbulTurkey Sunway University Department of Economics&Finance Subang JayaMalaysia University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw WarsawPoland

Stimulating renewable energy consumption is a major focus of the Sustainable Development Goals in combating climate change and global warming.The International Energy Agency estimates that renewable energy consumption should be doubled to achieve the COP21 targets.In this context,the question is whether renewable energy types promote the improvement of ecological quality and economic growth.Most studies have investigated the influence of renewable energy on ecological pollution using carbon dioxide emissions or ecological footprint indicators,which only represent the pollution caused by human consumption patterns,and these indicators neglect the supply side.Motivated by this point,this study uses the LCF(Load Capacity Factor)as an environmental indicator and examines the causality relationship among different types of renewable energy,income,and environmental quality in the USA,while also incorporating employment and capital stock into the analysis.Through using the Fourier causality test with the wavelet-decomposed series,the study explores for the validity of the renewable energy-based growth hypothesis and answers to the question of whether there is a causal effect of renewable energy types on environmental quality.The results demonstrate that there is a bidirectional causality between total renewable energy,wood,biomass,and economic growth as well as between these renewable energy types and the LCF.

关键词： Load capacity factor Economic growth Renewable energy Fourier approximation Emvironmental quality

Assessment of the potential interactions between favipiravir and radiocontrast agents

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第5期16卷 128-135页

作者： Sonay Aydin Ozlem celik Aydin Mesut Furkan Yazar Huseyin Aydemir Mecit Kantarci Sureyya Barun Department of Radiology Erzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityFaculty of MedicineErzincan 24100Türkiye Department of Pharmacology Gazi UniversityFaculty of MedicineErzincan 24100Türkiye Department of Radiology Bilecik Education and Reseach HospitalBilecik 11230Türkiye Department of Radiology Atatürk UniversityFaculty of MedicineErzurum 25030Türkiye

BACKGROUND In cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),favipiravir is commonly included to the therapy regimen.Drug interactions between favipiravir and other COVID-19 therapy drugs are frequently researched.However,no research on possible drug interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents,which have become almost crucial in diagnostic processes while not being part of the treatment,has been found.AIM To determine potential medication interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents.METHODS The study comprised patients who were taking Favipiravir for COVID-19 therapy and underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)test while taking the medicine.The computerized patient files of the cases included in the study,as well as the pharmacovigilance forms in the designated hospital,were evaluated for this purpose.RESULTS The study included the evaluation of data from 1046 patients.The study sample's mean age was 47.23±9.48 years.The mean age of cases with drug interactions was statistically significant greater than that of cases with no drug interactions(P=0.003).When evaluated with logistic regression analysis,a 1-year raises in age increases the risk of developing drug interactions by 1.63 times(P=0.023).There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of medication interactions between the sexes(P=0.090).Possible medication interactions were discovered in 42 cases(4%).CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that the most notable findings as a result of the combined use of contrast agents and favipiravir were increased creatinine and transaminase values,as well as an increase in the frequency of nausea and vomiting.The majority of drug interactions discovered were modest enough that they were not reflected in the clinic.Drug interactions become more common as people get older.

关键词： Favipiravir Iohexol Gadoxetic acid Meglumine gadoterate Drug interactions

Retinal neurodegeneration in metabolic syndrome:a spectral optical coherence tomography study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第2期16卷 224-232页

作者： Evrim Polat Ekrem celik Mesut Togac Afsun Sahin Department of Ophthalmology Tekirdag City HospitalTekirdag 59100Turkey Department of Ophthalmology Tekirdag Namik Kemal UniversityFaculty of MedicineTekirdag 59100Turkey Department of Ophthalmology Koc University Medical SchoolIstanbul 34010Turkey Research Center for Translational Medicine Koc UniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey

AIM:To evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome(Met S)on retinal neurodegeneration by optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS:Patients diagnosed as Met S were compared with the age and sex-matched healthy control group(CG).Waist circumference measurements,fasting serological biochemical tests,and systemic blood pressures of all participants were evaluated.The Met S group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the number of Met S components:hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia(low-,high-density lipoprotein,hypertriglyceridemia),and visceral obesity findings;3-component Met S3,4-component Met S4,and all-component Met S5.All patients underwent complete eye examination and spectral OCT retinal imaging.RESULTS:Totally 58 eyes of 58 patients were included in the Met S group and 63 eyes of 63 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in CG.Met S group was composed of 22 subjects in Met S3,21 subjects in Met S4,and 15 subjects in the Met S5 subgroup.Mean foveal thickness(Met S,218.7±23.1μm vs CG,228.8±21.9μm,P=0.015),mean inferior(Met S,283.4±17.0μm vs CG,288.7±38.4μm,P=0.002),superior(Met S,287.0±18.5μm vs CG 297.3±17.1μm,P=0.001),nasal(Met S 287.3±16.7μm vs CG 297.9±13.9μm,P=0.000)and temporal(274.5±17.6μm vs CG 285.6±13.6μm,P=0.000)thickness in the 3 mm Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)circle was significantly lower in the Met S group.There was no statistically significant difference in the mean inferior,superior,nasal,and temporal thickness of 6 mm ETDRS circle,total macular volume,peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer,macular ganglion cell layer with inner plexiform layer,and ganglion cell complex.No statistically significant difference was found in these values between the Met S3,Met S4,and the Met S5 groups.CONCLUSION:A significant reduction in central macular region thickness in Met S is detected and macular thickness is more susceptible to Met S induced neurodegeneration than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.

关键词： metabolic syndrome retinal neurodegeneration hypertension diabetes mellitus dyslipidemia optical coherence tomography

Role of natural products and intestinal flora on type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第1期11卷 65-72页

作者： Ozlem celik Aydin Sonay Aydın Sureyya Barun Department of Medical Pharmacology Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research HospitalErzincan 24100Turkey Department of Radiology Erzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityMengücek Gazi Training and Research HospitalErzincan 24100Turkey Department of Medical Pharmacology Gazi University Faculty of MedicineAnkara 06500Turkey

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a complicated,globally expanding disease that is influenced by hereditary and environmental variables.Changes in modern society’s food choices,physical inactivity,and obesity are significant factors in the development of type 2 DM(T2DM).The association between changes in intestinal flora and numerous disorders,including obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases,has been studied in recent years.The purpose of this review is to analyze the mechanisms underlying the alteration of the diabetic patients’intestinal flora,as well as their therapeutic choices.Also included is a summary of the antidiabetic benefits of natural compounds demonstrated by studies.The short-chain fatty acids theory,the bile acid theory,and the endotoxin theory are all potential methods by which intestinal flora contributes to the establishment and progression of T2DM.Due to an intestinal flora imbalance,abnormalities in shortchain fatty acids and secondary bile acids have been found in diabetic patients.Additionally,metabolic endotoxemia with altering flora induces a systemic inflammatory response by stimulating the immune system via bacterial translocation.The agenda for diabetes treatment includes the use of short-chain fatty acids,probiotics,prebiotics in the diet,fecal bacteria transplantation,and antibiotics.Animal studies have proven the antidiabetic benefits of numerous bioactive substances,including Flavonoids,Alkaloids,Saponin,and Allicin.However,further research is required to contribute to the treatment of diabetes.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Intestinal flora Natural products Endotoxemia Bioactive compounds Probiotics

Defining the awareness and attitude of the clinicians through pharmacovigilance in Turkey

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第20期11卷 4865-4873页

作者： Ozlem celik Aydin Sonay Aydin Hakki Zafer Guney Department of Medical Pharmacology Gazi University Faculty of MedicineAnkara 06500Turkey

BACKGROUND Pharmacovigilance(PV)is the activities and scientific studies conducted to detect,evaluate,understand or prevent adverse reactions and other drug-related problems.AIM To define the awareness and experiences of the clinicians on PV and adverse drug reactions(ADRs)in Turkey.METHODS The study was cross-sectional and analytical.Data were obtained through a questionnaire.The questionnaire was sent via e-mail.The survey was sent to 2030 physicians and 670 participated.RESULTS The most appropriate definition of PV was correctly defined by 53.9%of the participants.The most important goal of PV was correctly defined by 54.9%of the participants,and 27.3%of the participants were aware of the Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center.Nonsurgical physicians had better PV knowledge than surgical physicians.A total of 80.9%of the physicians who encountered ADRs,filled in the ADR notification form,and 8.8%received training on how to fill in the form.PV knowledge of the clinicians was not sufficient.Although half of the physicians encountered ADRs,the rates of seeing and filling in the ADR form were low.CONCLUSION Few of the physicians followed the current information about PV.The results provide more comprehensive data on PV practices and ADR reporting at a national level.

关键词： Pharmacovigilance Physicians Knowledge level Attitude Behavior Adverse drug reaction

The development of ultralightweight expanded perlite-based thermal insulation panel using alkali activator solution

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第11期16卷 1486-1499页

作者： Damla Nur celik Gökhan DURMUŞ Civil Engineering Department Technology FacultyGazi UniversityAnkara 06500Turkey

The International Energy Agency(IEA)states that global energy consumption will increase by 53%by 2030.Turkey has 70%of the world’s perlite reserves,and in order to reduce energy consumption a thermal insulation panel was developed in Turkey using different particle sizes of expanded perlite(EP).In this study,0–1.18 mm(powder)and 0–3 mm(granular)EP particle sizes were selected,since they have the lowest thermal conductivity coefficients among all the particle sizes.In addition,an alkali activator solution was used as a binder in the mixtures.The alkaline activator solution was obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide solution(6,8,10,and 12 mol·L−1)and sodium silicate(Module 3)at the different ratios of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1,1.5,2,and 2.5.This study aimed to experimentally determine the optimum binder and distribution ratio of EP,with the lowest coefficient of thermal conductivity and the lowest density.The lowest thermal conductivity and the lowest density were determined as 0.04919 W·m−1·K−1 and 133.267 kg/m3,respectively,in the sample prepared with 83.33%powder-size EP,6 mol·L−1 sodium hydroxide solution,and ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1.5.The density,thermal conductivity,and compressive strength of the sample showed the same trends of behavior when the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio was increased.In addition,the highest compressive strength was measured in 12 mol·L−1 NaOH concentration regardless of particle size.In conclusion,the study predicts that the EP-based thermal insulation panel can be used as an insulation material in the construction industry according to the TS825 Thermal Insulation Standard.

关键词： expanded perlite alkali activator thermal insulation panel thermal conductivity

Enhancing environmental quality in the United States by linking biomass energy consumption and load capacity factor

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第3期14卷 54-64页

作者： ugur Korkut Pata Mustafa Tevfik Kartal Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo Sami Ullah Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of EconomicsOsmaniye Korkut Ata University80000 MerkezOsmaniyeTurkey Borsa_Istanbul Strategic Planning Financial Reportingand Investor Relations Directorate_IstanbulTurkey Department of Economics Faculty of Economics and Administrative SciencesCyprus International UniversityNicosiaMersin-10Turkey Research Center for Labor Economics and Human Resources Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209PR China

This study analyzes the impact of biomass energy,financial development,and economic growth on environmental quality using the novel Fourier autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)approach on annual data for the period 1965–2018 in the United States(USA).The study analyzes the impact of related variables on the load capacity factor(LCF)as well as on indicators of environmental degradation such as carbon dioxide emissions and ecological footprint.The LCF is one of the most comprehensive environmental indicators to date,encompassing both biocapacity and ecological footprint.In this regard,this study contributes to the environmental economics literature by examining,for the first time,the impact of biomass energy on the LCF.The results of the cointegration test show that there is only a long-run relationship between the LCF and the independent variables.According to the Fourier ARDL results,biomass energy improves the environmental quality,while financial development has no effect on the LCF.Moreover,the increase in per capita income reduces the LCF.Furthermore,since the income elasticity is larger in the long run than in the short-run,the environmental Kuznets curve is validated.Therefore,the United States government should encourage the use of biomass and investment in this form of energy.

关键词： Biomass energy Environmental quality EKC Fourier ARDL Load capacity factor USA

Time-to-enrollment in clinical trials investigating neurological recovery in chronic spinal cord injury:observations from a systematic review and Clinical Trials.gov database

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 953-958页

作者： F M Moinuddin Yagiz ugur Yolcu Waseem Wahood Jad Zreik Sandy Goncalves Anthony John Windebank Wenchun Qu Mohamad Bydon Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Dr.Kiran C.Patel College of Allopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern UniversityDavieFLUSA Department of Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Physical Medicine&Rehabilitation Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Currently,large numbers of clinical trials are performed to investigate different forms of experimental therapy for patients suffering from chronic spinal cord injury(SCI).However,for the enrollment process,there are different views on how the time period between injury and interventions should be determined.Herein,we sought to evaluate the impact of time-to-enrollment in chronic SCI clinical trials.A data set comprising 957 clinical studies from clinical Trials.gov was downloaded and analyzed focusing on the eligibility criteria for post-injury time-to-enrollment.We also aggregated individual patient data from nine clinical trials of regenerative interventions for chronic SCI selected by a systematic literature search from 1990 to 2018.Characteristics of the studies were assessed and compared by dividing into three groups based on time-to-enrollment(group 1≤12 months,group 2=12-23 months and group 3≥24 months).In Clinical Trials.gov registry,445 trials were identified for chronic SCI where 87%(385)were unrestricted in the maximum post-injury time for trial eligibility.From systematic literature search,nine studies and 156 patients(group 1=30,group 2=55 and group 3=71)were included.The range of time-to-enrollment was 0.5 to 321 months in those studies.We also observed various degrees of motor and sensory improvement in between three time-to-enrollment groups.Our results indicate that enrolling wide ranges of time-to-enrollment in a group may present imprecise outcomes.Clinical trial designs should consider appropriate postinjury time frames to evaluate therapeutic benefit.

关键词： chronic clinical trial spinal cord injury systematic review time-to-enrollment