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Vocal repertoire of the New Zealand kea parrot Nestor notabilis

Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 727-740页

作者： Raoul SCHWING Stuart PARSONS Ximena J. nelson School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

The unique alpine-living kea parrot Nestor notabilis has been the focus of numerous cognitive studies, but its com- munication system has so far been largely neglected. We examined 2,884 calls recorded in New Zealand＇s Southern Alps. Based on audio and visual spectrographic differences, these calls were categorised into seven distinct call types： the non-oscillating ＇screech＇ contact call and ＇mew＇; and the oscillating ＇trill＇, ＇chatter＇, ＇warble＇ and ＇whistle＇; and a hybrid ＇screech-trill＇. Most of these calls contained aspects that were individually unique, in addition to potentially encoding for an individual＇s sex and age. Additionally, for each recording, the sender＇s previous and next calls were noted, as well as any response given by conspecifics. We found that the previous and next calls made by the sender were most often of the same type, and that the next most likely pre- ceding and/or following call type was the screech call, a contact call which sounds like the ＇kee-ah＇ from which the bird＇s name derives. As a social bird capable of covering large distances over visually obstructive terrain, long distance contact calls may be of considerable importance for social cohesion. Contact calls allow kea to locate conspecifics and congregate in temporary groups for social activities. The most likely response to any given call was a screech, usually followed by the same type of call as the ini- tial call made by the sender, although responses differed depending on the age of the caller. The exception was the warble, the kea＇s play call, to which the most likely response was another warble. Being the most common call type, as well as the default response to another call, it appears that the ＇contagious＇ screech contact call plays a central role in kea vocal communication and social cohesion [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 727-740, 2012].

关键词： Acoustic signals Communication Kea Psittacidae Social behaviour Habitat

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Effects of building aspect ratio,diurnal heating scenario,and wind speed on reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第12期24卷 2091-2103页

作者： nelson Y.O.Tong Dennis Y.C.Leung Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong

A photochemistry coupled computational fluid dynamics （CFD） based numerical model has been developed to model the reactive pollutant dispersion within urban street canyons, particularly integrating the interrelationship among diurnal heating scenario （solar radiation affections in nighttime, daytime, and sun-rise/set）, wind speed, building aspect ratio （building-height-to-street-width）, and dispersion of reactive gases, specifically nitric oxide （NO）, nitrogen dioxide （NO2） and ozone （O3） such that a higher standard of air quality in metropolitan cities can be achieved. Validation has been done with both experimental and numerical results on flow and temperature fields in a street canyon with bottom heating, which justifies the accuracy of the current model. The model was applied to idealized street canyons of different aspect ratios from 0.5 to 8 with two different ambient wind speeds under different diurnal heating scenarios to estimate the influences of different aforementioned parameters on the chemical evolution of NO, NO2 and 03. Detailed analyses of vertical profiles of pollutant concentrations showed that different diurnal heating scenarios could substantially affect the reactive gases exchange between the street canyon and air aloft, followed by respective dispersion and reaction. Higher building aspect ratio and stronger ambient wind speed were revealed to be, in general, responsible for enhanced entrainment of 03 concentrations into the street canyons along windward walls under all diurnal heating scenarios. Comparatively, particular attention can be paid on the windward wall heating and nighttime uniform surface heating scenarios.

关键词： photochemistry reactive pollutant dispersion building aspect ratio diurnal heating scenario wind speed urban streetcanyon

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How spiders practice aggressive and Batesian mimicry

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 620-629页

作者： Ximena J. nelson Robert R. JACKSON School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Thomas Odhiambo Campus EO. Box 30 Mbita Point Kenya

To understand communication, the interests of the sender and the receiver/s of signals should be considered sepa-rately. When our goal is to understand the adaptive significance of specific responses to specific signals by the receiver, questions about signal information are useful. However, when our goal is to understand the adaptive significance to the sender of generating a signal, it may be better to envisage the receiver＇s response to signals as part of the sender＇s extended phenotype. By making signals, a sender interfaces with the receiver＇s model of the world and indirectly manipulates its behaviour. This is especially clear in cases of mimicry, where animals use deceptive signals that indirectly manipulate the behaviour of receivers. Many animals adopt Batesian mimicry to deceive their predators, or aggressive mimicry to deceive their prey. We review examples from the lite-rature on spiders to illustrate how these phenomena, traditionally thought of as distinct, can become entangled in a web of lies .

关键词： Mimicry Communication Spider Deception Signal Search image

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Rates and processes affecting As speciation and mobility in lake sediments during aging

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 338-347页

作者： Alan Lock Dirk Wallschlager nelson Belzile Graeme Spiers Celine Gueguen Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program Trent University School of the Environment Department of Chemistry and Water Quality CentreTrent University Department of Chemistry Laurentian University School of the Environment Departments of Earth Sciences and BiologyLaurentian University School of the Environment and Chemistry Department Trent University

Sediments from an arsenic（As） contaminated groundwater vent site were used to investigate As（ Ⅲ） binding, transformation and redistribution in native and iron oxide amended lake sediments using aging spiked batch reactions and a sequential extraction procedure that maintains As（V） and As（ Ⅲ） speciation. In the native sediments, fractionation analysis revealed that 10% of the spiked As（ Ⅲ） remained intact after a 32-day aging experiment and was predominantly adsorbed to the strongly sorbed（NH4H2PO4 extractable） and amorphous Fe oxide bound（H3PO4 extractable） fractions. Kinetic modelling of the experimental results allowed identifying the dominant reaction path for depletion of dissolved As（ Ⅲ） to As（ Ⅲ）absorbed on to the solid phase, followed by oxidation in the solid phase. Arsenite was initially adsorbed primarily to the easily exchangeable fraction（（NH4）2SO4 extractable）, then rapidly transformed into As（V） and redistributed to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. Oxidation of As（ Ⅲ） in recalcitrant fractions was less efficient. The iron oxide amendments illustrated the controls that iron oxides can have on As（ Ⅲ） binding and transformation rates. In goethite amended samples As（ Ⅲ） oxidation was faster and primarily occurred in the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. In these samples,19.3 μg Mn was redistributed（compared to the native sediment） from the easily exchangeable and crystalline Fe oxide bound fractions to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions, indicating that goethite may act as a catalyst for Mn（Ⅱ） oxidation, thereby producing sorbed Mn（ Ⅲ/Ⅳ ）, which then appears to be involved in rapidly oxidizing As（ Ⅲ）.

关键词： Arsenite Oxidation Fractionation Redistribution Modelling

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Distance assessment of detours by jum ping spiders

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 263-273页

作者： Samuel AGUILAR-ARGUELLO Daniel GERHARD Ximena J.nelson School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand School of Mathem atics and Statistics University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand

To take an indirect route(detour)in order to reach a specific target requires complex cognitive *** more demanding,from the cognitive point of view,is when the goal is only visible at the beginning of the *** spiders from the family Sa lticidae,vision is a key sensory modal-ity mediating navigation and prey *** acute vision allows them to perform complicated detours,possibly as a consequence of the multitude of potential routes in their typically complex 3-dimensional *** used a 4-route choice test,in which routes differed in being either short or long and in the presence or absence of a lure of a prey item,to investigate route assessment in 2 salticid species,Trite planiceps and Marpissa *** both species showed evidence of motivation to follow lured-routes,judging by the number of times they re-oriented toward them while detouring,we found that Trite chose short routes in preference to long routes,but did not prefer the *** contrast,Marpissa exhibited random route choice,although it ori-ented toward lured-routes more often than control routes(lure absent).Our results suggest that decision-making processes about which route to take occurs before embarking on a route,but this is cognitively *** exhibited cognitive limitations in which the lack of visibility of the goal affected ***,the severity of cognitive limitations depended on *** suggest that variability in spatial ability across the Salticidae may be related to the habitat complexity inhabited by each species.

关键词： cognition cognitive limitations decision-making detour behavior Salticidae spatial task

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Activity Recording of Free-Ranging Tri-spine Horseshoe Crabs in the Southeastern Coast of Sabah,Borneo

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第3期21卷 549-556页

作者： WATANABE Shinichi nelson Bryan Raveen MANCA Azwarfarid MOHAMAD Faridah Little Leonardo Co. Tokyo1130021Japan Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development Universiti Malaysia TerengganuKuala NerusKuala Terengganu21030Malaysia Pertubuhan Pelindung Alam Malaysia Casa Green CherasAlam43200Malaysia Horseshoe Crab Research Group Faculty of Science and Marine EnvironmentUniversiti Malaysia TerengganuKuala NerusKuala Terengganu21030Malaysia

In Inderasabah(southeast Sabah),tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus was observed for their locomotion activity using data loggers from September to November in 2015.A female with acceleration and depth-temperature loggers and five males with acceleration loggers were recaptured between 10 and 49 days after their *** the record of 194 activity days that involve all six ***,four horseshoe crabs,including the female,were active throughout the 24.0 h cycle,whereas the activity of the remaining two males was consistent with the 12.4 h *** the 40-day recording,three horseshoe crabs,including the female,were primarily active around the new moon and full moon,but they were dormant around the first and third quarter moon *** female spent much time in shallow shores(depth<0.3 m)during the new moon and full *** result indicated that the female attempted to spawn in a minimum of three spring tide periods while lingering in the ***,after spawning,the female spent time foraging in shallow water(depth 0.3–18 m).As for the two male individuals,their activity was consistent with semi-lunar ***,both of them were in *** addition,a solitary male individual was active only during the first and third quarter moon *** activity recording,all the *** in Inderasabah was active during daytime and *** result was contrary to *** activity cycles in western Japan,where the species was found to be primarily ***,the regional differences in activity cycles for *** were related to their population adaptation toward water temperature,depth,and prey-searching periods.

关键词： acceleration logger activity cycle depth-temperature logger foraging behavior spawning behavior tropical region Tachypleus tridentatus

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Memories of My Early Childhood with Willie nelson

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英语学习 1994年第7期 54-58页

作者： Bobbie nelson 郭燕苹

Our grandmother would wake Willie and rile up in the morn-ing by throwing ice water on us. Mama might call our names onceor twice, but if our feet didn't immediately hit the floor, herewould come this flood of ice water. Usually I would jump out ofbed before the water struck -because I knew it was on its wayand I didn't like it-but some mornings she needed a whole pitch-er of water to get Willie up. Willie says he would have grown up

关键词：威利

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Hepatocellular carcinoma,human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis in the HAART era

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1657-1663页

作者： Douglas C Macdonald Mark nelson Mark Bower Thomas Powles Chelsea and Westminster hospital LondonUnited Kingdom St Bartholomew’s Hospital LondonUnited Kingdom

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is *** in HIV almost invariably occurs in the context of hepatitis C virus(HCV)or hepatitis B virus (HBV)co-infection and,on account of shared modes of transmission,this occurs in more than 33% and 10% of patients with HIV worldwide *** has yet to be clearly established whether HIV directly accelerates HCC pathogenesis or whether the rising incidence is an epiphenomenon of the highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)era,wherein the increased longevity of patients with HIV allows long-term complications of viral hepatitis and cirrhosis to *** this question will have implications for HCC surveillance and the timing of HCV/HBV therapy,which in HIV co-infection presents unique *** HCC develops,there is growing evidence that HIV co-infection should not preclude conventional therapeutic strategies,including liver transplantation.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Human immunodeficiency virus hepatitis Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Co-infection Incidence Transplant Pathogenesis

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Retrieving Phenomenology： Introduction to the Special Theme

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2016年第3期11卷 329-337页

作者： Eric S. nelson Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Phenomenology ordinarily signifies the investigation （logos） of that which appears （phainomenon）. It is frequently understood, outside of phenomenology as a philosophical movement, to be experiential description from the first person perspective. Critics of phenomenology, including contemporary critics as diverse as Daniel Dennett and John Searle, as well as speculative realism and object oriented ontology, construe it as being intrinsically subjective, idealistic, and trapped in the first-person point of view （Dennett 2003, 19-30; Searle 2008, 107-36; Sparrow 2014; Zahavi 289-309）.

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Resource management at the network edge for federated learning

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 765-782页

作者： Silvana Trindade Luiz F.Bittencourt nelson L.S.da Fonseca Institute of Computing State University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

Federated learning has been explored as a promising solution for training machine learning models at the network edge,without sharing private user *** limited resources at the edge,new solutions must be developed to leverage the software and hardware resources as the existing solutions did not focus on resource management for network edge,specially for federated *** this paper,we describe the recent work on resource manage-ment at the edge and explore the challenges and future directions to allow the execution of federated learning at the *** such as the discovery of resources,deployment,load balancing,migration,and energy effi-ciency are discussed in the paper.

关键词： Resource management Edge computing Federated learning Machine learning

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