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American Journal of Operations Research 2021年第3期11卷 181-198页

作者： Vincenth Udok udeme Ukamaka Cynthia Orumie University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

The purpose of this work is to apply Game theory approach to determine patients’ preferences of healthcare facilities for quality healthcare in Akwa Ibom State. Cross-sectional descriptive study and purposive sampling technique were adopted in order to collect the relevant data. Factors influencing patients’ preferences of health care facilities between public and private hospitals in Akwa Ibom State were assessed using a set of questionnaires which were distributed to 9976 patients in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. A two-person zero sum game theory approach was applied. Perception of quality healthcare services received by respondent’s preferred facilities between public and private hospitals was examined. Also the reasons for patients’ persistence of their preferred facilities were evaluated using questionnaire. The optimal strategy and the value of the game were determined using the factors influencing patients’ preferences of healthcare facilities, and analysed with two-person-zero-sum game. Facility that gives their clients the best satisfaction wle="font-family:Verdana;">le="font-family:Verdana;">le="font-family:Verdana;">le="font-family:

关键词： Health Care Facilities Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study Purposive Sampling Technique Questionnaires Rules of Dominance

Chronic Kidney Failure: Knowledge of Kidney Disease, Perception of Causes and Symptomatology in Uyo, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2015年第3期5卷 91-97页

作者： Effiong Ekong Akpan udeme E. Ekrikpo University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now regarded as a global public health epidemic. Management of chronic kidney disease is often beyond the reach of some patients especially in resource-poor countries of sub-Saharan Africa where patients have to bear the funding. Many Nigerians do not know the functions of the kidney, the symptoms of kidney diseases and the causes of kidney failure. Aims: This study was designed to assess the awareness and knowledge of the kidney and kidney diseases among the people of Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria and their perception of the causes of kidney failure. Method: This was a cross-sectional survey of the Uyo residents in Akwa Ibom State for their knowledge, awareness and perception of CKD. A well structured but simple questionnaire was administered on all medically na?ve participants by trained personnel. Data were analyzed using STATA 10, StataCorp, Texas, USA. Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages. A p-value of lly significant. Results: A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, but 410 were returned. There were 214 (52.2%) females and 196 (47.8%) males with an age range of 18 to 60 years and a mean age of 25.97 ± 8.60 years. About ninety five percent (95.1%) of respondents had heard about CKD with their major source of knowledge being from doctors (29.4%) and media (28.9%). Only 43.3% of respondents knew the correct location of the kidneys. With regards to the knowledge and perception of the causes of kidney failure and body swelling, (11%) agreed that it was because of patient’s wrongdoing, Hypertension (38.9%), False oath taking (20.8%), Witchcraft (12.7%), Diabetes (46.9%), Parent’s wrongdoing (6.4%), Sickle cell disease (47.3%), Familial (19.8%), Herbal medicine (27.9%), Drug abuse (38.9%) and Fake drugs (42.1%). The well educated had better knowledge of hypertension and diabetes as the causes of kidney failure. In conclusion, knowledge of kidney disease is still

关键词： Awareness Perception Chronic Kidney Failure Nigeria

Effect of Disulfiram/Copper Gluconate Combination on Haematological Indices in Rodents

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第1期6卷 17-24页

作者： georgewi.l udeme Owunari Siminialayi Iyeopu Minakiri Obianime Atuboyedia Wolfe Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

The chronic toxicological profile of disulfiram/copper gluconate (DSF/CG) combination was investigated in a 90 day time and dose dependent study. A total of 148 rats weighing 260 - 300 g were used for this study;60 for the pilot study and 88 for the chronic toxicity test. 88 rats divided into eleven groups consisting of 8 rats each were used for the main experiment. Groups 1 and 2 served as control groups and received normal saline as placebo and 99.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Solvent control), respectively. Drugs were administered orally via a 1 ml syringe. Animals were given three doses (1/5th, 1/10th and 1/20th) of the calculated lD50 of 373 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg for disulfiram and copper gluconate respectively. Dosing was done daily with that of the combination given 12 hours apart. Blood samples were obtained via cardiac puncture on days 30, 45, 60 and 90 for analysis. Haematological parameters showed a significant (p ll volume, red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count respectively. The results indicate bone marrow depression evidenced by anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in the experimental animals. The DSF/CG combination appears to exhibit a synergistic dose-dependent haematotoxicity.

关键词： Disulfiram Copper gluconate Haematological Indices

Somatization Symptoms in a Primary Care Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第10期3卷 67-73页

作者： Chidi J. Okafor Bassey Edet udeme Asibong Department of Psychiatry College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Clinical Services Department Federal Psychiatric Hospital Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Family Medicine College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

Background: Somatic symptoms that are not attributable to organic pathology are common in general practice settings however, data in most parts of Africa including southern Nigeria are still scarce. The aim of our study was to examine such somatic symptoms reported by patients attending a primary care facility at a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria as well as to motivate future research in this area. Method: The study was conducted at the General Out Patient Clinic (GOPC) of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). It was a cross sectional study in which data were obtained from the case notes of 115 patients that presented in the clinic with somatic complaints which could not be attributed to organic pathology by their physicians. Results: While 46 of the patients were males, 69 were females. Their mean age was 37.7 (SD = 11.9). Internal heat, crawling sensation, body pains and palpitations were the most prevalent symptoms reported by the patients. When the symptoms were sorted into various groups, the “subjective abnormal bodily sensation” was the most prevalent and far outnumbered the “pseudo neurological symptoms”. Conclusion: A number of patients attending the GOPC of the UCTH seek consultations for medically unexplained somatic symptom. The most prevalent of these symptoms are internal heat and crawling sensations both of which are not stated in the criteria recognized by the International Classification of Diseases—version 10 (ICD-10) for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.

关键词： Somatization Medically Unexplained Somatic Symptom Abnormal Bodily Sensations Southern Nigeria

Regional differences in incidence and mortality trends in cancers of the larynx, thyroid, oral cavity and pharynx in England and Scotland: 1975-2002

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2013年第2期3卷 70-78页

作者： Oladejo Olaleye Somiah Siddiq udeme Ekrikpo Rehan Kazi Head and Neck Surgery London UK University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo Nigeria West Midlands Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Training Programme Coventry Birmingham UK

Context: There have been significant changes in the epidemiology of head and neck cancers (HNC) in the last three decades worldwide. Documenting these trends helps to facilitate cancer prevention measures and aids resource allocation. Objective: To analyse incidence and mortality trends in Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) in the UK and compare regional differences between England and Scotland. Design: Retrospective quantitative analysis of time trends of HNC cases in the UK recorded in the International Agency for Research into Cancer (IARC) CI5 database and WHO mortality database. Setting: Cancer databases with extraction of UK HNC incidence and mortality time trends. Patients: All patients with cancers of the larynx, thyroid, oral cavity and pharynx in the UK (1975-2002) recorded in the IARC and WHO databases. Main Outcome Measures: HNC incidence and mortality trends in the UK. Results: There has been an increase in incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the UK especially among males with higher rates in Scotland. However mortality has increased in Scotland and reduced in England. Thyroid cancer incidence has increased in the UK especially among females with higher rates in Scotland. Mortality has reduced in both regions. laryngeal cancer among males has increased in incidence particularly in Scotland with a decline in incidence in England. Mortality has reduced significantly in England among males but increased in Scotland. Conclusions: In the UK, Scotland has higher incidence rates of HNC compared with England. Mortality has reduced in England from all the HNC sub-sites but has increased in Scotland for laryngeal, oral & pharynxgeal cancers. Although socioeconomic deprivation and its relation to higher alcohol and tobacco consumption have been highlighted as drivers, further studies are required.

关键词： Head Neck Cancers Epidemiology Thyroid laryngeal Oral Pharyngeal Cancers UK Incidence Mortality

Comparison of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Kit and Microscopy

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第3期10卷 109-115页

作者： Oluwakemi Bukola Runmonkun Omotayo Oluranti Ebong udeme Owunari georgewi.l Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria Abuja Nigeria West African Society for Pharmacology Abuja Nigeria

Malaria is the most common single diagnosis made in many countries in Africa. Microscopy is the gold standard for laboratory diagnosis of malaria parasite, but it requires adequate training and the time to get results is longer than that for Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs). Use of RDTs is an alternative diagnostic method. This method is quick and easy to carry out. This study examined 412 blood samples of patients who met the study inclusion criteria from the health centres. All of the samples obtained were tested by SD Bioline malaria Ag P.f test commonly available in Nigeria and parasite count was done from thick film prepared. The results obtained were presented as a proportion positive in comparison to the total number of participants enrolled. Of the 412 enrollees, 284 were tested positive with malaria using the RDT, 400 were tested positive with microscopy and 12 were negative using microscopy and RDT. This study confirms the superior sensitivity of microscopy to RDTs in diagnosis of malaria. Although RDTs are very useful for quick diagnosis of malaria, particularly in areas where access to the use of microscopy is not available, the possibility of a low performance by RDTs in malaria diagnosis should be emphasized on health practitioners and microcopy should be encouraged as much as possible.

关键词： Microscopy Rapid Diagnostic Test Malaria Malaria Diagnosis

Toxicological Evaluation of Disulfiram, Copper Gluconate and Disulfiram/Copper Gluconate Combination on Renal Function in Rodents

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第2期6卷 86-93页

作者： udeme Owunari georgewi.l Iyeopu Minakiri Siminialayi Atuboyedia Wolfe Obianime Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

This research work investigated and compared the chronic renal toxicological profile of disulfiram, copper gluconate and disulfiram/copper gluconate combination, in a 90-day time- and dose-dependent study in rodents. 88 rats weighing an average of 280 g divided into eleven groups consisting of 8 rats each were used for this experiment. The control groups received normal saline as placebo and 99.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (solvent control). Three oral doses (low, medium and high) of disulfiram (18.65 mg/kg, 37.3 mg/kg and 74.6 mg/kg), copper gluconate (3.75 mg/kg, 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg) and both drugs in combination were administered daily with those of the combination given 12 hours apart. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture in heparinised bottles and centrifuged, and the serum was decanted on 30, 45, 60 and 90 days for analysis. Renal function parameters—electrolytes (Na+, K+), urea and creatinine were evaluated. Results showed significant (p lectrolyte level (Na+, K+), blood urea and creatinine respectively. The results are all pointers to the development of renal failure. It therefore appears that the DSF/CG combination is nephrotoxic and this effect is dose-dependent and synergistic.

关键词： Disulfiram Copper Gluconate Renal Function

The effect of zinc supplementation on diarrheal diseases in children in the Niger Delta Sub-Region of Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 137-140页

作者： Eme Asuquo udeme georgewi.l Idorenyin Nta Nkechinyere Enyidah Essiet Umofia Suanu Deekae Department of Pharmacology College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Preventive and Social Medicine College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

This study evaluated the trend of diarrheal diseases managed with zinc supplementation by comparing it with diarrheal diseases managed without zinc supplementation at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching hospital (UPTH), Nigeria. The study was a descriptive retrospective study done at the Diarrhea Training Unit (DTU) of UPTH to determine the effect of zinc supplementation in the management of diarrhea in children under 5 years. Out of the 134 case records studied, of children aged 0 to 59 months who presented with diarrhea at the DTU, 57 children did not receive zinc supplementation between October and December, 2007 and 77 children received zinc supplementation between October and December 2009. The results showed that (74) 96.1% of patients who received zinc supplementation, and (48) 84.2% of those who did not, had no repeat diarrheal episodes when seen at the follow up clinic. On the other hand, 1.3% of those who received zinc supplementation and 1.8% of those who did not, had increased episodes of diarrhea when seen at the follow up clinic. Of those who received, and those who did not receive zinc supplementation, 2.6% and 14% respectively, had reduced episodes of diarrhea. These findings clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in halting the course of diarrheal diseases in children aged 0 to 59 months. We therefore advocate for the use of zinc supplementation in the management of diarrhea in

关键词： Diarrheal Diseases Zinc Supplementation Children Niger Delta Sub-Region

Blood Pressure Control among Adult African Chronic Kidney (CKD) Patients—How Close Are We to Target?

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2020年第1期10卷 50-59页

作者： Effiong Ekong Akpan udeme Ekpenyong Ekrikpo Aniema Isaac-Assam Udo Aniedi Victor Umoh Idongesit Odudu Umoh Department of Internal Medicine University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually progressive, often resulting in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The two most common causes of renal disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus contribute greatly to the mobility and mortality associated with CKD. It has been found that lowering BP is effective in reducing cardiovascular events in patient with a moderate reduction in GFR and in those with ESRD on dialysis. The aim of this study was to assess blood pressure control among adult African CKD patients. Method: The case notes of chronic kidney patients who assess care in the renal unit of our Teaching Hospital were retrieved for the study after obtaining informed consent from the ethical unit of the hospital. To be eligible for the study, the patient, must have been attending the renal clinic and on anti-hypertensives for a minimum period of 6 months. Results: Eighty-seven CKD patients (46 males and 41 females) with a mean age of 50.9 ± 13.3 years. The proportion of patients who achieved blood pressure control was 13.79% (95% CI 7.34% - 22.85%). Among the pre-dialysis patients, BP control was achieved in 13.64% compared to 14.29% among the patients on dialysis. Nineteen (21.84%) of the patients were on one blood pressure lowering agent;26 (29.89%) on two;33 (37.93%) on three;7 (8.05%) on four and 2 (2.30%) on five. Conclusion: Blood pressure control among African adult CKD patients is difficult with many of them requiring more than two antihypertensive drugs.

关键词： Blood Pressure Control. CKD Africa

Dietary Intake, Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Potentials of lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Arsenic Exposure via Consumption of Dried Crayfish in Calabar, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第8期10卷 340-363页

作者： Udiba U. Udiba Michael O. Odey udeme U. Udofia Ekom R. Akpan John Ama Ekpo. E. Antai Monica U. Dan Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Institute of Oceanography University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Marine Biology Akwa Ibom State University Ikot Akpaden Nigeria

Intense pressure from both onshore and offshore oil exploration and exploitation activities, together with the accompanying urbanization and industrialization has resulted in massive contamination of land and water resources in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Whereas crayfish is very sensitive to contaminant in the aquatic environment and constitute an important part of human diet, its quality and safety from environmental pollutant is of serious health concern. Evaluation of dietary intake, potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic exposure via consumption of dried crayfish purchased from major markets in Calabar, Nigeria was carried out between June and August 2021. Thirty-six composite samples of dried crayfish purchased from 180 vendors were used for the study. Heavy metals concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion. Metals concentrations (Mg/kg) were of the ranges 0.02 - 0.24, 0.14 - 0.86, 0.32 - 0.72, 0.04 - 0.19 for Pb, Cd, Hg and As respectively. The mean content of cadmium and mercury exceeded FAO/ WHO and Commission of European Communities maximum levels for crustaceans. Average Estimated Daily Intake for each of the metals was found to be above the recommended daily intake level except for arsenic. The average estimated daily intake values for Cd and Hg were also above the tolerable upper intake level. Average Target Hazard Quotient of all the metals and Hazard Index of all the markets were below 1.00. The Incremental lifetime Cancer Risk of the metals was greater than the standard tolerable regulatory risk (10-4) for carcinogens. Consumption of crayfish purchased from major markets in Calabar could pose a range of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks.

关键词： Oil Industry Heavy Metals Crayfish Human Health Risk Carcinogenic Non-Carcinogenic