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Evaluation of Phytochemical Contents and Antimicrobial Activities of Pandiaka heudelotii

Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 55-63页

作者： Ikenna Obiora Alaekwe uche eunice ekpunobi Vincent Ishmel Egbulefu Ajiwe Chinedu Chris Aguoma Jamilu Ahmad Department of Chemistry Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Awka Nigeria

The work investigated the secondary metabolites present in different parts of the Pandiaka heudelotii plant harvested from Ezira, Orumba south local government area of Anambra state, southeastern Nigeria as well as their antimicrobial activity. The objectives were to extract, determine the phytochemicals present, evaluate the antimicrobial potential and determine the zones of inhibition of the root, stem and leaf extracts of the plant. The emergence of antibiotics has decreased the spread and severity of a wide range of diseases. Plant extracts were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtelis, Pseudomonas aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition of extracts was compared with that of standard drugs like Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Fulcin and Fluconazole. The result revealed the inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth with some test organisms. The microbial activity of the plant parts may be due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. The ethyl acetate extracts of Pandiaka heudelotii stood out with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 5 - 10 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 10 - 20 mg/ml against some test organisms. The plant can thus be worked upon to discover biologically active natural products that may serve as a prelude to the development of new pharmaceutical research undertakings.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals Secondary Metabolites Antibiotics Pandiaka heudelotii Bacteria

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Profiling the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques on the physicochemical attributes of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins

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Oil Crop Science 2023年第1期8卷 16-26页

作者： Ngozi Maryann Nebolisa Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor uch.nna eunice ekpunobi Immaculeta Chikamnele Umeyor Festus Basden Okoye Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery Research Group Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Physical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria c Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria

There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial *** work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction(MAE and SE) techniques on the functional physicochemical quality characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques using petroleum ether. Quality attributes including yield percent, moisture content,iodine, saponification, specific gravity, viscosity, p H, thiobarbituric acid, acid and peroxide values were measured. Mineral and vitamin contents, chemical/functional groups, fatty acid(FA) composition, and reducing power of the oil were evaluated. Metabolomics of protein extracted from the defatted powders were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). M. oleifera oil from MAE and SE methods had good yield(34.25 ± 0.0%,28.75 ± 0.0%), low moisture content(0.008 ± 0.0%, 0.011 ± 0.0%), non-drying and unsaturated, moderately saponified, less dense(0.91 ± 0.01, 0.92 ± 0.02 g m L^(-1)), had Newtonian flow, were weakly acidic, showed good content of FAs, recorded strong potential for long shelf-life, showed stability against oxidative rancidity and enzymatic hydrolysis, had very rich deposits of micro-and macro-nutrients as well as water-soluble and lipidsoluble vitamins, and functional groups in the oil were reflective of its content of long-and medium-chain triglycerides(LCT and MCT). Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids(MUFA and SFA) were detected and the oil has excellent ferric ion reducing power. NMR metabolomic assay revealed the presence of nine essential amino acids(EAAs) in the protein extract. MAE technique is a feasible and acceptable alternative for high throughput extraction of M. oleifera oil with high yield and excellent quality attributes. The study revealed that MAE did not impart any r

关键词： Moringa oleifera seed Oil Microwave-assisted extraction Soxhlet extraction Quality attributes GC-MS assay Metabolomics Reducing power

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Influence of Socioeconomic Profile on Uptake of Immunohistochemistry Services among Women with Breast Cancer Attending Tertiary Health Facilities

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第10期11卷 126-135页

作者： Kingsley Chidi Anochiwa Sally Nkechinyere Onyeka Ibe eunice Anyalewechi Nwoke Onyinyechi Blessed Nworuh Asinobi Oluchi Darlington Chidi Amadi Emmanuel Okechukwu nna Department of Pathology Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri Nigeria Department of Public Health Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria College of Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Safety Molecular Pathology Laboratory Molecular Pathology Institute Enugu Nigeria

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. It can be stratified by histological and immunopathological analysis as well as by molecular subtypes. Socioeconomic and cultural-mediated factors contribute to breast cancer heterogeneity and overall survivability. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of socioeconomic profile on the uptake of immunohistochemistry (IHC) services among women with breast cancer attending tertiary health facilities in Imo State. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among women with breast cancer in Imo State. The instrument for data collection used was a structured questionnaire constructed in line with the objectives of the study. A total of 121 respondents were selected randomly from a target study population of 891 using a systematic sampling technique. The software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the 121 respondents in this study was 45.2 ± 0.7 years. Age and education levels of the respondents were found to significantly influence the utilization of IHC services (P Conclusion: In our study, the consumption of IHC services was influenced significantly by the respondents’ age and level of education. Consequently, public health awareness programmes centred on the importance of IHC services in the management of breast cancer should be encouraged, so as to reach the less educationally endowed and older women in order to save more lives.

关键词： Breast Cancer Uptake Immunohistochemistry Socioeconomics Profile Age Education

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Level of Adherence to Breast Cancer Molecular Subtyping among Women with Breast Cancer Attending Tertiary Health Facilities

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第10期11卷 255-264页

作者： Kingsley Chidi Anochiwa Sally Nkechinyere Onyeka Ibe eunice Anyalewechi Nwoke Okwuchi Blessed Nworuh Asinobi Oluchi Darlington Chidi Amadi Emmanuel Okechukwu nna Department of Pathology Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri Nigeria Department of Public Health Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria College of Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Safety Molecular Pathology Laboratory Molecular Pathology Institute Enugu Nigeria

Background: Breast cancer is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease with multiple subtypes. The classification of these subtypes has evolved over the years. The most common and widely accepted classification of breast cancer is from an immunohistochemical perspective, based on the expression of the following hormone receptors: Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor (HER2). Accordingly, the following four subtypes of breast cancer are widely recognized—Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 Enriched and Triple Negative. Breast cancer management approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted hormone therapy necessitated by molecular subtyping. Aims: This study aimed to determine the level of adherence to breast cancer molecular subtyping among women with breast cancer attending tertiary health facilities in Imo State. Methodology: Immunohistochemistry reports of women with breast cancer attending tertiary health facilities in Imo State were retrieved from patient’s case files. Tissue blocks were also retrieved from tissue block archives of both hospitals for women who did not take up immunohistochemistry services after their initial diagnosis and also those whose immunohistochemistry reports were not found in their case files. Results: Among the 121 women that participated in the study, there were in all 74 (61.2%) had molecular subtyping of their tumour blocks. Up to 45 (37.2%) did not go for molecular subtyping of their tumour blocks while 2 (1.7%) were not sure whether they had or not. Conclusion: It, therefore, depicts that the rate of uptake was found as 61.2% among the participants and there is a need to create more awareness of the importance of molecular subtyping, which necessitates the use of targeted hormone therapy.

关键词： Breast Cancer Subtypes Immunohistochemistry Estrogen Progesterone Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 Receptor

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Influence of Cues to Action towards Uptake of Immunohistochemistry Services among Women with Breast Cancer Attending Tertiary Health Facilities

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第10期11卷 90-102页

作者： Kingsley C. Anochiwa Sally Nkechinyere Onyeka Ibe eunice Anyalewechi Nwoke Okwuchi B. Nworuh Asinobi Oluchi Darlington Chidi Amadi Emmanuel Okechukwu nna Department of Pathology Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri Nigeria Department of Public Health Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria College of Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria The Molecular Pathology Institute Safety Molecular Lab Enugu Nigeria

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, making it a significant global public health issue. Although developed countries have a higher incidence of breast cancer, developing countries like Nigeria have a low incidence rate but higher rates of morbidity and mortality from the disease. Objective: This study explored how cues to action influenced the use of immunohistochemistry by women in Imo State and how many of them used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to diagnose their condition. Methodology: We used a descriptive study methodology for the investigation, and 121 participants were chosen at random from the 891 total population. The respondents were chosen through a systematic sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and the statistical software for social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the 121 participants in the study was 45.2 ± 0.7 years. The study found that awareness of IHC services is a significant influencing factor for the uptake and health personnel is the major source of awareness of IHC services. Cues to action particularly from health workers, as well as knowledge of any victim of breast cancer and user of IHC services, also significantly influenced uptake of the IHC services (P Conclusion: In our study, utilization of IHC services was also impacted by cues to action, particularly from healthcare professionals, as well as awareness of any breast cancer victims and those who used IHC services thus cues to action is a major predicator of immunohistochemistry uptake among women with breast cancer.

关键词： Breast Cancer Uptake Immunohistochemistry Cues to Action

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Mild Extraction Technique for Flavonoids from Leaves of Nypa fruiticans and Chemical Analysis of Its Components

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 101-108页

作者： uche eunice ekpunobi Augustine nnaluo Eboatu Patrice-Anthony Chudi Okoye Theresa Uzoma Onuegbu Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka 234 Anambra State Nigeria

Eight flavonoid derivatives: rutin, quercetin–3-glucoside, quercetin, luteolin–7-glucoside, isorhmnetin–3-sulphate, kaempferol–3,7-diglucoside, luteolin and kaempferol have been extracted and characterized from Nipa palm. Mild extraction technique involving the use of HPLC-DAD-MS was used. The structures of the flavonoids were determined on the basis of mass spectroscopy. Separation of the crude extract by paper chromatography (PC) on forestall as solvent system gave one major yellowish brown spot which had Rf value of 3.9. The Rf value and maximum absorption from UV spectroscopy were the same as those of quercetin standard. The most prominent compound was quercetin followed by three others: kaempferol–3,7-diglucoside, luteolin–7-glucoside, and isorhmnetin–3-sulphate.

关键词：提取技术化学成分分析类黄酮黄酮类化合物葡萄糖苷叶片木犀草素异鼠李素

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