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Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

Gastroenterology Report 2015年第1期3卷 32-40页

作者： Adarsh M.Thaker Jeffrey D.Mosko tyler M.Berzin Center for Advanced Endoscopy Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Acute pancreatitis remains the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).It is reported to occur in 2–10%of unselected patient samples and up to 40%of high-risk *** purpose of this article is to review the evidence behind the known risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis,as well as the technical and medical approaches developed to prevent *** have been many advances in identifying the causes of this *** on this knowledge,a variety of preventive strategies have been developed and *** approach to prevention begins with careful patient selection and performing ERCP for specific indications,while considering alternative diagnostic modalities when *** should also be classified by high-risk factors such as young age,female sex,suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction,a history of post-ERCP pancreatitis,and normal serum bilirubin,all of which have been identified in numerous research *** pathways of injury that are believed to cause post-ERCP pancreatitis eventually lead to the common endpoint of inflammation,and these individual steps can be targeted for preventive therapies through procedural techniques and medical *** includes the use of a guide wire for cannulation,minimizing the number of cannulation attempts,avoiding contrast injections or trauma to the pancreatic duct,and placement of a temporary pancreatic duct stent in high-risk *** of rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents(NSAIDs)in high-risk patients is the proven pharmacological measure for prevention of post-ERCP *** evidence for or against numerous other attempted therapies is still unclear,and ongoing investigation is required.

关键词： endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis prevention complications

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Tight junction disruption: Helicobacter pylori and dysregulation of the gastric mucosal barrier

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11411-11427页

作者： tyler J Caron Kathleen E Scott James G Fox Susan J Hagen Department of Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Division of Comparative Medicine Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Long-term chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a risk factor for gastric cancer development. In the multi-step process that leads to gastric cancer,tight junction dysfunction is thought to occur and serve as a risk factor by permitting the permeation of luminal contents across an otherwise tight mucosa. Mechanisms that regulate tight junction function and structure in the normal stomach,or dysfunction in the infected stomach,however,are largely unknown. Although conventional tight junction components are expressed in gastric epithelial cells,claudins regulate paracellular permeability and are likely the target of inflammation or H. pylori itself. There are 27 different claudin molecules,each with unique properties that render the mucosa an intact barrier that is permselective in a way that is consistent with cell physiology. Understanding the architecture of tight junctions in the normal stomach and then changes that occur during infection is important but challenging,because most of the reports that catalog claudin expression in gastric cancer pathogenesis are contradictory. Furthermore,the role of H. pylori virulence factors,such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacoulating cytotoxin,in regulating tight junction dysfunction during infection is inconsistent in different gastric cell lines and in vivo,likely because non-gastric epithelial cell cultures were initially used to unravel the details of their effects on the stomach. Hampering further study,as well,is the relative lack of cultured cell models that have tight junction claudins that are consistent with native tissues. This summary will review the current state of knowledge about gastric tight junctions,normally and in H. pylori infection,and make predictions about the consequences of claudin reorganization during H. pylori infection.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Tight junction Claudins Parace

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Effect of thickness of planar nozzles on erosion depth of levee soils subjected to plunging water

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第3期33卷 243-249页

作者： Chung Rak Song Jinwon Kim James tyler Kidd Alexander Cheng David Admiraal Department of Civil Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln

In this study, the effect of the thickness of a planar jet on the erosion depth when the jet impinges on a surface composed of cohesive soil was analytically and numerically evaluated. The results showed that the erosion depth was practically independent of the nozzle thickness for erosion depths shallower than the potential core length(i.e. the region of the jet in which the central flow velocity is the same as the nozzle velocity). The relation between nozzle thickness and erosion depth was non-linear with continuously variable slope for erosion depths deeper than the potential core length. Finally, the relation was approximately linear when the erosion depth converged to the equilibrium erosion depth. The findings of this study indicate that direct and fast prediction of the erosion depth in the field is possible using the data from a small scale soil erosion test with similar flow velocities.

关键词： Nozzle thickness Levee erosion Erosion depth Plunging water Planar nozzle

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Formidable females redux:male social integration into female networks and the value of dynamic multilayer networks

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 49-57页

作者： tyler R.BONNELL ChloéVILETTE Christopher YOUNG Stephanus Peter HENZI ouise BARRETT Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge4401 University DriveLethbridgeT1K 3M4Canada Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit University of South AfricaFloridaGautengSouth Africa Endocrine Research Laboratory Mammal Research InstituteFaculty of Natural and Agricultural ScienceUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

The development of multilayer network techniques is a boon for researchers who wish to understand how different interaction layers might influence each other,and how these in turn might influence group ***,we investigate how integration between male and female grooming and aggression interaction networks influences male power trajectories in vervet monkeys Chlorocebus *** previous analyses of this phenomenon used a monolayer approach,and our aim here is to extend these analyses using a dynamic multilayer *** do so,we constructed a temporal series of male and female interaction *** then used a multivariate multilevel autoregression model to compare cross-lagged associations between a male's centrality in the female grooming layer and changes in male Elo *** results confirmed our original findings:changes in male centrality within the female grooming network were weakly but positively tied to changes in their Elo ***,the multilayer network approach offered additional insights into this social process,identifying how changes in a male's centrality cascade through the other network *** dynamic view indicates that the changes in Elo ratings are likely to be short-lived,but that male centrality within the female network had a much stronger impact throughout the multilayer network as a whole,especially on reducing intermale aggression(i.e.,aggression directed by males toward other males).We suggest that multilayer social network approaches can take advantage of increased amounts of social data that are more commonly collected these days,using a variety of *** data are inherently multilevel and multilayered,and thus offer the ability to quantify more precisely the dynamics of animal social behaviors.

关键词： multilayer networks multilevel multivariate autoregressive model primate social dynamics social networks sociality time-aggregated networks vervet monkeys

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Mechanistic insights of enhanced spin polaron conduction in CuO through atomic doping

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 154-161页

作者： tyler J.Smart Allison C.Cardiel Feng Wu Kyoung-Shin Choi Yuan Ping Department of Physics University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA Department of Chemistry University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

The formation of a“spin polaron”stems from strong spin-charge-lattice interactions in magnetic oxides,which leads to a localization of carriers accompanied by local magnetic polarization and lattice *** example,cupric oxide(CuO),which is a promising photocathode material and shares important similarities with high Tc superconductors,conducts holes through spin polaron hopping with flipped spins at Cu atoms where a spin polaron has *** formation of these spin polarons results in an activated hopping conduction process where the carriers must not only overcome strong electron−phonon coupling but also strong magnetic ***,these effects cause low carrier conduction in CuO and hinder its *** overcome this fundamental limitation,we demonstrate from first-principles calculations how doping can improve hopping conduction through simultaneous improvement of hole concentration and hopping mobility in magnetic oxides such as ***,using Li doping as an example,we show that Li has a low ionization energy that improves hole concentration,and lowers the hopping barrier through both the electron−phonon and magnetic couplings'reduction that improves hopping ***,this improved conduction predicted by theory is validated through the synthesis of Li-doped CuO electrodes which show enhanced photocurrent compared to pristine CuO *** conclude that doping with nonmagnetic shallow impurities is an effective strategy to improve hopping conductivities in magnetic oxides.

关键词： conduction doping polaron

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Preparation of active carbons from corn stalk for butanol vapor adsorption

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第1期26卷 35-41页

作者： Yuhe Cao Keliang Wang Xiaomin Wang Zhengrong Gu tyler Ambrico William Gibbons Qihua Fan Al-Ahsan Talukder Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSDUSA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA Department of Biology and Microbiology South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSDUSA Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department South Dakota State UniversityUSA

Active carbons(ACs) were prepared through chemical activation of biochar from whole corn stalk(WCS)and corn stalk pith(CSP) at varying temperatures using potassium hydroxide as the activating agent. ACs were characterized via pore structural analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). These adsorbents were then assessed for their adsorption capacity for butanol vapor. It was found that WCS activated at900 °C for 1 h(WCS-900) had optimal butanol adsorption characteristics. The BET surface area and total pore volume of the WCS-900 were 2330 m2/g and 1.29 cm3/g, respectively. The dynamic adsorption capacity of butanol vapor was 410.0 mg/g, a 185.1% increase compared to charcoal-based commercial AC(143.8 mg/g).

关键词： Corn stalk KOH Active carbon Gas stripping Butanol adsorption

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Interplay between Perovskite Magic-Sized Clusters and Amino Lead Halide Molecular Clusters

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Research 2021年第1期2021卷 323-329页

作者： Evan T.Vickers Ziyi Chen Vivien Cherrette tyler Smart Peng Zhang Yuan Ping Jin Z.Zhang Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA Department of Chemistry Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada B3H 4R2 Department of Physics University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Recent progress has been made on the synthesis and characterization of metal halide perovskite magic-sized clusters(PMSCs)with ABX_(3)composition(A=CH_(3)NH_(3)^(+)or Cs^(+),B=Pb^(2+),and X=Cl^(−),Br^(−),or I^(−)).However,their mechanism of growth and structure is still not well *** our effort to understand their structure and growth,we discovered that a new species can be formed without the CH_(3)NH_(3)^(+)component,which we name as molecular clusters(MCs).Specifically,CH_(3)NH_(3)PbBr_(3)PMSCs,with a characteristic absorption peak at 424 nm,are synthesized using PbBr_(2)and CH_(3)NH_(3)Br as precursors and butylamine(BTYA)and valeric acid(VA)as ligands,while MCs,with an absorption peak at 402 nm,are synthesized using solely PbBr_(2)and BTYA,without ***,PMSCs are converted spontaneously overtime into *** isosbestic point in their electronic absorption spectra indicates a direct interplay between the PMSCs and ***,we suggest that the MCs are precursors to the *** spectroscopic and extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS)results,we propose some tentative structural models for the *** discovery of the MCs is critical to understanding the growth of PMSCs as well as larger perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)or nanocrystals(PNCs).

关键词： perovskite absorption Magic

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Environmental science working with the Earth G. tyler Miller, Jr. 9th ed.

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2003年

作者： G. tyler Miller Jr.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Near-UV electroluminescence in unipolar-doped, bipolar-tunneling GaN/AlN heterostructures

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 168-174页

作者： tyler A Growden Weidong Zhang Elliott R Brown David F Storm David J Meyer Paul R Berger Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering Wright State UniversityDaytonOhio 45435USA US Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC 20375USA

Cross-gap light emission is reported in n-type unipolar GaN/AlN double-barrier heterostructure diodes at room *** different designs were grown on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).All samples displayed a single electroluminescent spectral peak at 360 nm with full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)values no greater than 16 nm and an external quantum efficiency(EQE)of≈0.0074%at 18.8 *** contrast to traditional GaN light emitters,p-type doping and p-contacts are completely avoided,and instead,holes are created in the GaN on the emitter side of the tunneling structure by direct interband(that is,Zener)tunneling from the valence band to the conduction band on the collector *** Zener tunneling is enhanced by the high electric fields(~5×106 V cm^(−1))created by the notably large polarization-induced sheet charge at the interfaces between the AlN and GaN.

关键词： AlN GaN heterostructure Near-UV light emission unipolar Zener tunneling

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Fungi for future foods

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Journal of Future Foods 2021年第1期1卷 25-37页

作者： tyler J.Barzee Lin Cao Zhongli Pan Ruihong Zhang Deparment of Biosytems and Agricuitural Engineering Universiny of Kenucky128 CE Bamhart Building.LexingtonKr40546-0276.USA Deparnment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Thriversity of Califomnia DanisOme Shields AvemueDarisCA95616USA

The rapid growth of human civilizations has 1ed to imminent pressures to develop new food products with increased nutitiona1 characteristics and decreased environmenta1 *** fungi,a class of microorganisms that have been utilized in a wide variety of foods for thousands of years,have recently gamered widespread attention in research communities and commercia1 ventures seeking to explore new and innovative applications in a diverse aray of food products including,but not 1imited to,their more established applications as alterative *** advances in the cultivation and processing of flamentous fungi have created new frontiers in the control of textures,flavors,and nutritional properties of fungi-based *** review highlights technological advances in the production of fungi-based foods from cultivation to product manufacturing,presents the current state of the ant in fungi-based food products,and offters thoughts on their future *** is given to circular bioprocessing concepts for the sustainable utilization of agricultural and food processing byproducts.

关键词： Filamentous fungi Mycoprotein Fermentation 3D printing Biomanufacturing Nove1 foods

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