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微生物菌剂与氮肥配施对紫花苜蓿生长及土壤性质的影响

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草地学报 2024年第1期32卷 314-321页

作者：李青璞白建海姚拓雷杨周泽张琛付卫刚甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室甘肃兰州730070 甘肃欣海牧草饲料科技有限公司甘肃兰州730070

为获得河西地区紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)人工草地上的最佳施肥组合。以‘惊盛’紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,研究微生物菌剂与氮肥减量配施对紫花苜蓿植株生长、营养品质及土壤理化性质的影响,结果表明:与全量氮肥(CK)相比,微生物菌剂... 详细信息

为获得河西地区紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)人工草地上的最佳施肥组合。以‘惊盛’紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,研究微生物菌剂与氮肥减量配施对紫花苜蓿植株生长、营养品质及土壤理化性质的影响,结果表明:与全量氮肥(CK)相比,微生物菌剂与氮肥减量处理的紫花苜蓿株高、干草产量无显著差异;与CK相比,C8,G8,C7和G7处理的紫花苜蓿粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量无显著差异,其中G7处理的紫花苜蓿粗蛋白含量最高;微生物菌剂与氮肥减量处理增加了土壤铵态氮含量(P<0.05),而土壤有机质、速效磷、含水率和pH值差异不显著;与CK相比,G7处理显著增加了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。通过对不同施肥处理的紫花苜蓿生长、营养和土壤指标的综合分析,综合表现最好的为G7(根瘤菌剂与氮肥减量30%),有利于减少河西地区氮肥用量,为河西地区紫花苜蓿的科学施肥提供依据。

关键词：紫花苜蓿微生物菌剂氮肥减量配施营养品质土壤理化

Road model prediction based unstructured road detection

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2013年第11期14卷 822-834页

作者： Wen-hui ZUO tuo-zhong yao Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology&Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Vision-based road detection is an important research topic in different areas of computer vision such as the autonomous navigation of mobile *** outdoor unstructured environments such as villages and deserts,the roads are usually not well-paved and have variant colors or texture *** region- or edge-based approaches,however,are effective only in specific environments,and most of them have weak adaptability to varying road types and *** this paper we describe a novel top-down based hybrid algorithm which properly combines both region and edge cues from the *** main difference between our proposed algorithm and previous ones is that,before road detection,an off-line scene classifier is efficiently learned by both low- and high-level image cues to predict the unstructured road *** scene classification can be considered a decision process which guides the selection of the optimal solution from region- or edge-based approaches to detect the ***,a temporal smoothing mechanism is incorporated,which further makes both model prediction and region classification more *** results demonstrate that compared with traditional region- and edge-based algorithms,our algorithm is more robust in detecting the road areas with diverse road types and varying appearances in unstructured conditions.

关键词： Road detection Surface layout Road model prediction Temporal smoothing

Robust water hazard detection for autonomous off-road navigation

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2009年第6期10卷 786-793页

作者： tuo-zhong yao Zhi-yu XIANG Ji-lin LIU Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Existing water hazard detection methods usually fail when the features of water surfaces are greatly changed by the surroundings, e.g., by a change in illumination. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to robustly detect different kinds of water hazards for autonomous navigation. Our algorithm combines traditional machine learning and image segmentation and uses only digital cameras, which are usually affordable, as the visual sensors. Active learning is used for automatically dealing with problems caused by the selection, labeling and classification of large numbers of training sets. Mean-shift based image segmentation is used to refine the final classification. Our experimental results show that our new algorithm can accurately detect not only ‘common’ water hazards, which usually have the features of both high brightness and low texture, but also ‘special’ water hazards that may have lots of ripples or low brightness.

关键词： Water hazard detection Active leaming Adaboost Mean-shift

菌剂对种养废弃物堆肥中腐殖质及酶活性的影响

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植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第8期30卷 1568-1579页

作者：陈鑫李昌宁晁艺李萍姚拓孙永平甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室甘肃兰州730070 甘肃省大行农业废弃物处理有限公司甘肃兰州730070

【目的】研究接种自制复合菌剂和商用菌剂对牛粪、菌糠与尾菜混合堆肥中腐殖化程度和酶活性的影响,为种养废弃物的资源化利用提供高效复合菌剂。【方法】以牛粪、菌糠与尾菜(湿重比5∶4∶1)为原料进行混合堆肥,初始混合堆料碳氮比约为30... 详细信息

【目的】研究接种自制复合菌剂和商用菌剂对牛粪、菌糠与尾菜混合堆肥中腐殖化程度和酶活性的影响,为种养废弃物的资源化利用提供高效复合菌剂。【方法】以牛粪、菌糠与尾菜(湿重比5∶4∶1)为原料进行混合堆肥,初始混合堆料碳氮比约为30∶1,堆料量为1.5 t,高度为100~120 cm,条剁式堆肥。CDS菌剂主要由皮氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter pittii)、枯草芽孢杆菌粪便亚种(Bacillus subtilis ***)和高地芽孢杆菌(Bacillus altitudinis)组成,XY4菌剂主要由短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)和嗜热链霉菌(Streptomyces thermovulgaris)组成。堆肥设接种自制菌剂CDS、XY4、商用菌剂EM和无菌剂培养基对照(CK)共4个处理,以质量比为1.5%的接种量接种。每日监测堆肥温度,分别在堆肥的第1、12、28、36天进行样品采集,测定腐殖酸和黄腐酸含量、酶活性(脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶)和腐熟指标(种子发芽指数、碳氮比和pH)。【结果】所有处理(CK、CDS、XY4和EM)的高温期(>50.0℃)均持续超过20天。在堆肥28天后,CDS和XY4处理的堆肥浸提液处理的种子发芽指数分别达到85.1%、89.6%,显著高于CK处理的73.8%,EM处理与CK处理无显著差异。XY4处理堆肥结束时(36天)的C/N值为14.6,显著低于CK处理的19.1。第1~36天CDS和XY4处理的黄腐酸含量始终高于CK(P<0.05),第36天的腐殖酸含量也显著高于CK(P<0.05)。此外,CDS、XY4处理较其他处理显示了较高的酶活性:XY4处理第28天的脲酶活性高达28.0 mg/(g·d),第12天时的蔗糖酶活性达到97.6 mg/(g·d),显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);CDS处理第12天和第28天的碱性磷酸酶活性最高,分别为40.0和32.1 mg/(g·d)。相关性和冗余分析显示,相较于CK,CDS和XY4处理中过氧化氢酶对腐殖酸形成具有重要作用(解释率分别为17.3%和26.7%)。同时,CDS、XY4和EM处理腐殖酸与碱性磷酸酶活性呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】由短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)和嗜热链霉菌(Streptomyces thermovulgaris)组成的微生物菌剂(XY4),提升堆肥腐熟过程碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性的功能高于其他菌剂组合,因而加速了堆肥中有机物的快速分解和腐殖化,有效缩短了堆肥的腐熟周期,加快了堆肥的腐熟进程,显示了较好的市场前景。

关键词：牛粪堆肥复合菌剂腐熟指标腐殖质酶活性

Morphological and molecular diagnoses of Polydora brevipalpa Zachs,1933(Annelida: Spionidae) from the shellfish along the coast of China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第2期37卷 713-723页

作者： YE Lingtong yao tuo WU Lin LU Jie WANG Jiangyong Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization Ministry of Agriculture South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou 510300 China Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China

Shell-boring species Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933 is redescribed based on morphological observations and molecular approach for future unambiguous identification. Genetic distance analyses showed that the interspecific polydorid variation (16.7%–25.6%) was at least 15 times higher than the intraspecific one (0.2%–0.9%) based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene sequences of polydorids. However, 18S rDNA variation pattern demonstrated a rather narrow barcoding gap, with the interspecific polydorid variation (0.5%–5.6%) being very close to the intraspecific one (0.0%–0.4%). As such, the CO1 gene exhibited better DNA barcode for identification of polydorids than the 18S rDNA gene because of the sufficiently large barcoding gaps. Analysis of molecular variance results based on CO1 gene sequences showed that most variations in sequences (97.79%) lay within groups of adult worms and egg capsules rather than between them. This indicated that egg capsules from Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) in Ningbo and Nantong were related to the adult worms from Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) in Dalian, and both of them belonged to P . brevipalpa . This result was further supported by parsimony network analysis, which showed that egg capsules collected from diff erent localities and adult worms shared a single haplotype. This study was the first to report both P . brevipalpa infestation on C . gigas and to utilise the known CO1 sequences of the adult polydorids to validate morphologically unidentified egg capsules or early larvae. P . brevipalpa was most possibly brought to Chinese waters through transportation of Pa . yessoensis brood stock from Japan.

关键词： Polydora brevipalpa mitochondrial CO1 18S rDNA DNA barcode egg capsules

中微量元素复合菌剂制备及其对燕麦发芽和幼苗生长的影响

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草原与草坪 2024年第4期44卷 154-163页

作者：付卫刚姚拓张银翠李青璞周泽甘肃农业大学草业学院草业生态系统教育部重点实验室甘肃省草业工程实验室中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心甘肃兰州730070

【目的】研究中微量元素混合物添加对复合促生菌剂的效果及影响。【方法】将不同浓度中微量元素混合物添加至复合促生菌剂,研究对菌剂的影响并筛选不同中微量元素混合物的最佳添加量,同时通过发芽试验研究菌剂对燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长... 详细信息

【目的】研究中微量元素混合物添加对复合促生菌剂的效果及影响。【方法】将不同浓度中微量元素混合物添加至复合促生菌剂,研究对菌剂的影响并筛选不同中微量元素混合物的最佳添加量,同时通过发芽试验研究菌剂对燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。【结果】促生菌剂添加微量元素混合物T2,T3,T4在添加量分别为2.0‰,1.5‰,0.5‰,中量元素混合物M1添加量在1.0%时效果最好,其有效活菌数在3.73×10^(8)~4.70×10^(8) cfu/mL,pH值介于8.31~8.45。发芽试验表明,复合促生菌剂原液对燕麦种子的发芽具有显著抑制作用,添加微量元素混合物后均可缓解该抑制作用,相较于原液发芽率最高可提升52.78%;稀释一定浓度后可显著提高种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及活力指数,其中菌剂W3在稀释100倍后发芽率最高,为72.50%,较CK提升了61.11%。【结论】促生菌剂可促进燕麦幼苗根长、苗长增加,提高地上地下生物量(鲜重和干重),其中添加微量元素混合物T2的菌剂W2在稀释100倍时对地下生物量(鲜重和干重)促进效果最好,添加微量元素混合物T3的菌剂W3在稀释100倍时对地上生物量(鲜重和干重)促进效果最好。

关键词：复合促生菌剂中微量元素混合物燕麦促生

微生物菌肥替代部分化肥对花椰菜产量、品质及土壤微生物的影响

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浙江农业学报 2024年第3期36卷 589-599页

作者：侯栋李亚莉岳宏忠张东琴姚拓黄书超杨海兴甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所甘肃兰州730070 甘肃农业大学草业学院草业生态系统教育部重点实验室甘肃兰州730070 甘肃农业大学园艺学院甘肃兰州730070 甘肃省榆中县农业技术推广中心甘肃榆中730070

于2018—2020年在甘肃省兰州市榆中县开展连续3 a的定点试验,监测微生物菌肥替代部分化肥对花椰菜产量、品质及土壤环境的影响。试验共设3个处理:A,全量化肥(当地常用化肥施用量,100%化肥);B,菌肥(60 kg·hm^(-2))+当地常用化肥施用量的... 详细信息

于2018—2020年在甘肃省兰州市榆中县开展连续3 a的定点试验,监测微生物菌肥替代部分化肥对花椰菜产量、品质及土壤环境的影响。试验共设3个处理:A,全量化肥(当地常用化肥施用量,100%化肥);B,菌肥(60 kg·hm^(-2))+当地常用化肥施用量的60%;C,菌肥(120 kg·hm^(-2))+当地常用化肥施用量的40%。结果表明:在2018年和2020年,B处理的产量分别达到了32.41、33.61 t·hm^(-2),较同年的A处理分别显著(P<0.05)高出7.7%和2.1%;但在2019年,A处理的产量显著高于其他处理。与A处理相比,B、C处理在2019年的V C含量分别显著提高了72.2%和94.3%;B处理的花椰菜花球在2020年的硝酸盐含量显著降低了7.0%。经过3 a试验,与A处理相比,B、C处理的土壤蔗糖酶活性和有效磷含量显著升高;C处理的土壤速效钾含量显著下降,而全磷含量显著升高。较全量化肥而言,施用微生物菌肥不仅增加了有益微生物,如浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和被孢霉属(Mortierella)等的相对丰度,而且降低了病原菌,如油壶菌属(Olpidium)和小壶菌属(Spizellomyces)的相对丰度,降幅分别为2.98%~42.97%、80.69%~85.31%。综上所述,用适量的微生物菌肥替代部分化肥有助于提高土壤质量,平衡微生物区系,改善高原种植区花椰菜的品质,在本试验条件下,以B处理的效果最佳。

关键词：花椰菜微生物菌肥土壤微生物土壤理化性质

Study of Differential Serum Metabolites in Patients with Adenomatous Polyps of Colon and Yang-Deficiency Constitution Based on Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第5期28卷 403-409页

作者： DU Wen-zhang ZHANG Ai-hua REN Jun-ling LYU Kun tuo Lu-yao XU Wei Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin(150001)China Metabolomics Laboratory Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin(150001)China

Objective:To study the differences between the serum metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution and those without colon polyps and with balanced constitution,and look for biomarkers that can be used to distinguish between the two ***:General patient information was gathered,and Chinese medicine constitutions were collected in 940 patients who underwent electronic colonoscopy.A total of 119 patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution were included in the experimental group,and 150 patients without colon polyps and with balanced constitution were included in the control *** analysis was performed on the fasting venous blood obtained from each patient in both *** component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed on the detection results,potential biomarkers were screened,metabolic pathway changes were determined,and the metabolic processes involved were ***:A total of 59 differential biomarkers between the experimental group and the control group were *** differential metabolites were found mainly in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway,and the bile acid 3-oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid was the biomarker that distinguished the experimental group from the control ***:With the help of metabolomics analysis,the differential metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution and those in patients without colon polyps and with balanced constitution could be *** biomarker 3-oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid may have potential diagnostic value in patients with adenomatous polyp of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution.(Trial Registration ***02986308)

关键词： ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry adenomatous polyps yang-deficiency constitution Chinese medicine metabolomics biomarkers

Interspecific Hybridization Between Crassostrea angulata and C. ariakensis

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第4期14卷 710-716页

作者： yao tuo ZHANG Yuehuan YAN Xiwu WANG Zhaoping LI Dongchun SU Jiaqi YU Ruihai Fisheries College Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding of Liaoning Province College of Fisheries and Life Science Dalian Ocean University

lnterspecific hybridization can generate heterosis, which is proven to be a useful tool in selective breeding programs for oyster culture. Crassostrea angulata and C. ariakensis are two important economic shellfish species in China. We conducted 2 × 2 reciprocal crosses to determine whether these two species can cross-fertilize and their hybrids can hatch, survive and perform hetero- sis. Fertilization was found symmetrical without delay. The rate of fertilization success of C. angulata ♀× C. ariakensis ♂ was lower than that of C. ariakensis ♀ x C. angulata ♂, and the success rate of both hybridizations was lower than that of two intraspecific crosses each. During the planktonic period, survival rate of the progeny was lower in the hybrid crosses than in the intraspecific crosses. On day 360, mean shell height of the progeny of C. angulata ♀ x C. angulata ♂ was highest, which was followed by that of C. angulata ♀ × C. ariakensis ♂, C. ariakensis ♀x C. ariakensis ♂ and C. ariakensis ♀× C. angulata ♂ in a descending order. Mor- phology of adults produced by the hybrid crosses was similar to that of C. angulata. Both hybrids underwent normal gonad devel- opment and produced mature gametes in the mating season. This study provided new insights into the quantitative traits in interspeci- fic crosses of Crassostrea species, thus being of guidance value for selective breeding of oyster.

关键词： Crassostrea angulata Crassostrea ariakensis interspecific hybridization gonad development heterosis