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Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Characteristics of Cases: A Case-Control Study of Patients Attending ALERT General Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2019年第1期9卷 1-17页

作者： Ezra Shimeles Fikre Enquselassie Melaku Tilahun Alemayehu Mekonnen Getachew Wondimagegn tsegaye hailu Abraham Aseffa Armauer Hanson Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia School of Public Health College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Black Lion Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Public Health Association Addis Ababa Ethiopia KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background:Tuberculosis remains a major public-health problem in the world, despite several efforts to improve case identification and treatment. Particularly multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is becoming a major threat to tuberculosis control programs in Ethiopia which seriously threatens the control and prevention efforts and is associated with both high death rates and treatment costs. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to assess risk factors and characteristics of MDR-TB cases at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where cases were 167 MDR-TB patients, while controls were newly diagnosed and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases of similar number, who were matched by sex and age of 5-years interval. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants indicated that majority (53.3%) were males and 46.7% females;a little over half of cases (55.1%) were in the age group 26 - 45 years, whereas 46.7% of controls were in this age group. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, previous history of hospital admission was the only factor that was identified as predictor which increased risk to develop MDR-TB by almost twenty times (AOR = 19.5;95% CI: 9.17 - 41.62) and P-value of <0.05. All other studied factor such as being unemployed, family size, having member of household member with TB, and history of visiting hospital in past 12 months etc., didn’t show any statistically significant association. Conclusion: The study identified previous history of hospital admission as independent predictors for the occurrence of MDR-TB, while other studied variables didn’t show any strong association. The findings added to the pool of knowledge emphasizing the need for instituting strong infection control practice at health care facilities to prevent nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB.

关键词： Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Risk Factors Characteristics

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Impact of climate-smart agricultural technology on multidimensional poverty in rural Ethiopia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 1021-1041页

作者： tsegaye Mulugeta HABTEWOLD Department of Economics College of Business and EconomicsArsi UniversityAssela 2120Ethiopia

A large body of empirical literature showed that the adoption of agricultural technologies reduces poverty. However, dominants of those studies so far used one-dimensional income or expenditure-based measures of poverty which may not reflect other types of deprivations. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to examine the impact of adopting climate-smart agricultural technology, which refers to a joint application of row planting methods and the use of chemical fertilizers, on the multidimensional poverty status of rural households in Ethiopia. To estimate the impact of the stated technologies, this study employs propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression methods. To measure the multidimensional poverty index, the study also uses the Alkire and Foster counting approach. Using the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey(ESS), collected in 2015-Wave 3, the results of the study show that the adoption of these technologies reduces deprivation score and one of its component, the standard of living part. Regionally, a high reduction in deprivation is observed in Amhara and Oromiya regions. The results also show that the impact is significantly higher in severely deprived households. It is also observed that the reduction in multidimensional poverty due to the technology is through an increase in income/consumption via improvement in production gain. The impact channels more through the non-food expenditure pathway. Finally, this study also sheds light on the effects that technology adoption has on multidimensional poverty reduction.

关键词： multidimensional poverty rural poverty technology adoption poverty reduction poverty pathways Ethiopia

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Runoff and soil loss responses of cultivated land managed with graded soil bunds of different ages in the Upper Blue Nile basin,Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 789-806页

作者： Mengie Belayneh Teshome Yirgu Dereje tsegaye Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Arba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Mettu UniversityP.O.Box 318MettuEthiopia Department of Plant Science College of Agricultural SciencesArba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia

Background:In view of a wide range of on-site and off-site impacts of soil erosion,different soil and water conservation measures have been implemented mainly over the last two decades in the Gumara watershed and Ethiopia at *** their effects have not been sufficiently documented,and maintenance of structures received very little *** study investigated the effectiveness of graded soil bunds of zero and 11 years of age in reducing runoff and soil *** hydrologically isolated experimental runoff plots(three treatments×two replicates)were prepared to observe rainfall,runoff,and sediment concentrations in the 2019 summer rainfall season(covering approximately 70%of the annual rainfall).Results:Newly constructed soil bunds reduced runoff by 34.94 and 25.56%compared to the old and non-treated counterparts,***,59.6 and 48.3%soil loss reductions were *** amount of soil loss in non-treated plots was twice that from the new plots and even 1.6 times higher than that from the old-graded soil bund *** rate of soil loss in the new-and old-graded soil bund-treated and non-treated plots was 23.5,45.6,and 58.1 t ha^(-1) year^(-1),***,the effectiveness of the old soil bunds was much lower(only^(-1)2.6 and−21.7%in runoff and soil loss,respectively)than its new *** soil bunds,in its new form,reduced runoff,runoff coefficient,and soil loss significantly(P<0.05).Regardless of the treatments,from the start of the rainy season to the end,runoff and runoff coefficient showed an increase,but sediment concentration *** constructed soil bund is the most effective in reducing runoff and soil ***:Graded soil bunds reduced runoff and soil loss significantly,but the rate even in the treated plots was very high when compared to both the soil loss tolerance(1-6 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))and formation rate(10-14 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))estimated for the ***,these structures need to be suppo

关键词： Erosion plots Runoff Runoff coefficient Sediment concentration Soil loss

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Effect of exclosure on dryland woody species restoration in northeastern Amhara,Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 1953-1961页

作者： Mubarek Eshetie tsegaye Gobezie Seid Muhie Dawd Sekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center P.O.Box 62SekotaEthiopia Department of Forestry College of AgricultureWollo UniversityP.O.Box 1145DessieEthiopia

In Ethiopia,among many restoration efforts to reverse deforestation and land degradation,area exclosure is one of the most common practices to restore secondary forests with assisted natural *** present study in the S ekota district,northeastern Amhara region,Ethiopia evaluated the influence of areas exclosures on woody species diversity,population structure and regeneration status.A total of 36 and 27 quadrats,each 20 m×20 m,were used to collect data in exclosures and non-exclosures,*** quadrats,four 5 m×5 m and 2 m×2 m quadrats at the corners were used to sample saplings and seedlings,*** exclosures,35 woody species representing21 families and 29 genera were recorded;19 woody species representing 13 families and 13 genera were recorded in the *** etbaica was the most dominant species in the two *** Shannon diversity index was1.77±0.46 in exclosures and 1.39±0.46 in *** and Simpson diversity indices showed a significant difference between the two land-uses(p<0.01).The regeneration status of all wood species in exclosures was good,only fair in *** exclosures have thus played a great role in the restoration of degraded lands by improving vegetation diversity and regeneration *** least dominant woody species should be maintained through active *** follow-up,maintenance of soil water conservation structure to improve soil fertility will further help enhance the woody species diversity and abundance.

关键词： Restoration Diversity Regeneration status Exclosure

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Effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil physicochemical properties in Gumara watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 451-464页

作者： Mengie Belayneh Teshome Yirgu Dereje tsegaye Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Mettu UniversityBox 318MettuEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Arba Minch UniversityBox 21Arba MinchEthiopia Department of Plant Science College of Agricultural SciencesArba Minch UniversityBox 21Arba MinchEthiopia

Background:Soil erosion is among the foremost causes of declining soil resources in Ethiopia,which in turn affect agricultural *** limit this problem,for the last two decades in Gumara watershed,soil and water conservation measures have been practiced through free labor community ***,their effect on soil fertility has not been *** study investigated the impact of implemented soil and water conservation measures on fertility improvement in the Gumara *** composite and core soil samples were taken from upstream,midstream,and downstream adjacent conserved and non-conserved cultivated and grazing *** soil fertility indicators were analyzed using standard laboratory ***:Soil and water conservation practices have resulted in a statistically significantly higher mean values of total nitrogen,exchangeable Na+and Mg2+at p<0.01,and of soil organic carbon and organic matter at p<0.05 in the *** clay content,soil reaction,cation exchange capacity,and exchangeable K+showed nonsignificant,but higher mean values in conserved ***,the effects of conservation practices on soil properties were found more effective in cultivated land uses as compared to that of grazing land *** is because conservation treatments had significant effects on organic carbon,total nitrogen,exchangeable Na+and Mg2+in cultivated land uses but only on exchangeable Na+in grazing land *** interaction effect of treatments and land uses did not reach a statistically significant result for any of the soil properties considered in this ***:Conservation measures have important implications for improving soil fertility in the Gumara ***,proper guidance and follow-up,use of agro-forestry and grass strips,and maintenance are required for the watershed’s sustainability and good soil conditions.

关键词： Soil properties Soil erosion Soil and water conservation Analysis of variance Gumara watershed

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Impacts of internal R&D on firms’performance and energy consumption:Evidence from Ethiopian firms

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2023年第1期7卷 47-67页

作者： tsegaye Mulugeta Habtewold Adama Science and Technology University P.O.Box 1888AdamaEthiopia

In recent decades,with the rapid development of the knowledge economy and science,countries have embraced technical innovation and have gradually increased investment in research and development(R&D).A vast literature indicates that the relationship between R&D and firm performance is highly *** evidence suggests that R&D positively influences firm performance,yet findings on the process by which this happens are *** analyses are required on how R&D investments affect energy *** study explores the impact of R&D investment on the performance and energy consumption of 476 firms in Ethiopia by employing a combination of fixed-effect,propensity score matching,and endogenous treatment effect estimation *** empirical results reveal that investment in R&D positively influences both innovation and long-term financial performance but negatively impacts short-term financial performance and energy *** results also show that the impacts of R&D activities vary significantly across different categories of firms,confirming that heterogeneity may be an issue among the firms *** results also indicate that the availability of credit is a more important moderating factor in the relationship between R&D investment and firm performance than the legal system *** results have important implications for firms with growing R&D operations,especially those in developing countries such as *** firms should invest more in R&D activities,such as in fundamental and applied research,to improve performance and enhance competitiveness.

关键词： R&D investment Firm performance Energy consumption Impact evaluation Ethiopia

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Dynamics and hotspots of soil erosion and management scenarios of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第1期27卷 84-99页

作者： Derege tsegaye MESHESHA Atsushi TSUNEKAWA Mitsuru TSUBO Nigussie HAREGEWEYN Arid Land Research Center Tottori University Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University

Most of the lowland in the central rift valley of Ethiopia is arid or semiarid and in degradation,with frequent occurrence of *** erosion by water during the rainy season is a serious problem in the region,leading to declining agricultural production,decreased food security,and a sedimentation risk for water ***,there has been no systematic study of this problem or of possible management *** meet this need,we analyzed soil erosion rates from 1973 to 2006, identified erosion hotspots,and proposed possible soil conservation *** assessed the soil loss dynamicity using the universal soil-loss equation and geographical information system software, considering the land use change at the following three periods:1973,1985 and *** characterized the watershed in terms of the erosion severity,topography,and land use to identify hotspots and proposed,modeled,and evaluated various watershed management scenarios to mitigate the *** erosion increased markedly from 1973 to 2006,with annual rates of 31,38,and 56 t ha"1 in 1973,1985,and 2006,respectively,as a result of vegetation degradation and particularly the conversion of thousands of hectares of forest or woodland into *** observed soil erosion rates are far from the tolerable rate of soil loss of the country and hence require urgent soil conservation interventions,especially in the hotspot *** proposed eight scenarios for reducing soil losses and evaluated their *** degraded land（using exclosures and planted vegetation） and installing stone erosion-control structures（stone bund） in cropland reduced the total soil loss by 12.6%and 63.8%,*** hotspot areas with annual soil loss of more than 20 t ha;by integrated management（erosion-control structures and exclosures） was the most effective approach,reducing soil loss by 87.8%.

关键词： Environmental rehabilitation Ethiopia Land degradation Soil conservation Soil erosion USLE model

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Parasitic contamination of raw vegetables and fruits collected from selected local markets in Arba Minch town,Southern Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 166-172页

作者： Fitsum Bekele Tamirat Tefera Gelila Biresaw tsegaye Yohannes Department of Public Health College of Health Sciences and MedicineWolaita Sodo UniversityP.O.Box 138Wolaita SodoEthiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology College of Public Health and Medical SciencesJimma UniversityP.O.Box 378JimmaEthiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Health Sciences and Medicine Arba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia

Background:One way that people get infected with intestinal parasites is through the consumption of contaminated vegetables and *** study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables collected from four local markets in Arba Minch town,Southern ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 21 September 2014 to determine the level of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables sold in Arba Minch town.A total of 360 samples of different types of fruits and vegetables were soaked in physiological saline,followed by vigorous shaking with the aid of a mechanical shaker for 15 minutes and then examined using the sedimentation concentration ***:Out of the 360 samples examined,196(54.4%)were contaminated with at least one type of *** lumbricoides(20.83%)was the most frequently detected parasite and Isospora belli(3.06%)was the least frequently detected *** was also observed that decreased parasitic contamination was significantly associated with washing the products before displaying it for selling(P<0.001).Conclusions:The findings of this study provide evidence that there is a potentially high risk of acquiring parasitic infections from the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits in Arba Minch,*** authors believe that an effort should be made by the relevant bodies to reduce the rate of contamination of products with medically important parasites by educating the vendors and the community.

关键词： Vegetable and fruits contamination Intestinal parasite Health education Arba Minch Ethiopia

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Research on Robot Path Planning in Indoor Environment

Research on Robot Path Planning in Indoor Environment

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作者： Tola tsegaye Alemu 天津职业技术师范大学

学位级别：硕士

自主机器人是机器人研究的关键课题之一,近年来越来越受欢迎,尤其是在医院、酒店等行业。路径规划、地图构建和定位是自主移动机器人应用的关键。自主构建地图、在地图内定位并进行规划是移动机器人技术的基本问题。本论文有两个主要贡... 详细信息

自主机器人是机器人研究的关键课题之一,近年来越来越受欢迎,尤其是在医院、酒店等行业。路径规划、地图构建和定位是自主移动机器人应用的关键。自主构建地图、在地图内定位并进行规划是移动机器人技术的基本问题。本论文有两个主要贡献:第一个是在A星算法的基础上改进自主机器人在室内环境中的路径规划,提供了一种独特的时间效率能力场方法,使机器人在复杂的障碍物中移动最后到达目标位置,获得了良好的性能,通过使用手机摄像头或网络摄像头捕捉环境或根据环境需要绘制布局图像以收集环境区域,然后对系统进行图像处理,解决了传统A*算法收敛时间长、距离远、有振荡等问题;第二个是构建地图,进行定位,并进行路径规划,地图模块使用制图和G-mapping ROS包为未知环境创建全局地图,定位模块使用ACML ROS包和基于粒子滤波器的AMCL方法估计移动机器人在构建地图中的当前位置和方向,规划模块使用ROS软件包创建可以避免碰撞的局部成本地图,生成无碰撞轨迹到达目标,为自主室内移动机器人的定位、地图构建和规划提供了可靠的性能。

关键词：路径规划 A*算法 ROS ACML 同时定位与地图算法

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Earth-abundant CuFeS_(2) nanocrystals@graphite felt electrode for high performance aqueous polysulfide/iodide redox flow batteries

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2024年第1期43卷 16-23页

作者： tsegaye Tadesse Tsega Jiantao Zai Chin Wei Lai Xin-hao Li Xuefeng Qian School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre(NANOCAT) Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS)University of Malaya3rd FloorBlock A50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesChina

Due to their high energy density and low price,aqueous polysulfide/iodide redox flow batteries are appealing for scalable energy ***,the greatest barrier to their practical uses is the low electrochemical kinetics of the redox reactions of polysulfide ions on graphite electrodes,which often limit their energy efficiency and power *** this study,the CuFeS_(2)nanomaterial was successfully synthesized through the hot injection method,and CuFeS_(2)nanomaterials were uniformly coated onto the surfaces and sandwiched into graphite felt(GF);this process can significantly boost the electrocatalytic activities of S^(2-)/S^(2-)_(x)redox reactions by improving the charge transfer process,which has been proven by the electrochemical measurement and density functional theory(DFT)*** polysulfide-iodide flow battery,with GF-CuFeS_(2)serving as the negative electrode,can achieve a high energy efficiency of 79.6%at 20 mA/cm^(2),a power density of 50.7 mW/cm^(2),and a stable energy efficiency retention of 87.0%after 180 cycles.

关键词： CuFeS_(2) Hot injection Flow battery Nanomaterial DFT

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