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Comparison of water resources management between China and the United States

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第2期1卷 98-108页

作者： Chansheng He carol P.Harden Yanxu Liu Department of Geography Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooMI 49008United States Department of Geography University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996United States State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

As the world’s top two economies,the United States(U.S.)and China face a number of similar water resources ***,few studies have been done to systematically compare policies and approaches on water resources management between China and the *** study compares water resources policies of China and the *** the areas of national authority,water supply,water quality,and ecosystem use of the water to draw lessons learned and shed light on water resources management in China,the U.S.,and the rest of the *** lessons learned from the comparison include six aspects.1)New paradigms of people-water harmony and a water-saving society are urgently needed to address the pressing water crisis and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(UN SDGs).2)A comprehensive,consistent,forward-looking national policy is necessary to achieve sustainable use of water resources.3)Empowerment of river basin commissions with comprehensive authority over the integrative management of air,land,water,and biological resources in the river basin could significantly enhance the benefits and effectiveness of economic development and environmental protection.4)Expansion of water exchange through market mechanisms among water users promotes efficient and beneficial water uses.5)Use of water for ecosystem services should be an integral part of water resources *** has set up a national blueprint for achieving ecological civilization;maintaining appropriate amounts of flow in rivers and lakes for maintenance of wildlife and fisheries and ecosystems should be institutionalized as part of this national strategy as well.6)By sharing their rich experiences and lessons in water resources management,economic development,and ecological protection with other countries,China and the *** help the world to achieve global human-water harmony and the UN SDGs.

关键词： Water resources management Comparative analysis China The United States

Update on Diagnosis and Management of Conjunctival Papilloma

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 131-147页

作者： Despoina Theotoka Melina I.Morkin Anat Galor carol L.Karp Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine900 NW 17th StreetMiamiFL 33136USA Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center 1201 NW 16th StreetMiami 33125FLUSA

Conjunctival papilloma is an acquired benign squamous cell tumor that can present at any age,but most frequently in the third and fourth decades of *** have been associated with human papilloma virus(HPV)infection,usually types 6 and *** histopathological diagnosis remains the gold standard,the advent of newer non-invasive imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography(OCT)is transforming the way we diagnose and treat ocular surface tumors,including conjunctival *** of these lesions can prove a challenge to the treating physician since not all lesions respond to medical and/or surgical therapy and in fact may worsen after surgical *** this review,the epidemiology,pathophysiology,clinical characteristics,and diagnosis of conjunctival papilloma including the use of OCT are ***,efficacy,and side effects of currently available management options are also reviewed to guide the selection of the best treatment approach.

关键词： Conjunctival papilloma Squamous cell papilloma Optical coherence tomography Treatment Interferon Mitomycin Surgery Cryotherapy Human papilloma virus

Measuring the influence of a mutual support educational intervention within a nursing team

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2014年第1期1卷 15-22页

作者： Rene´e Bridges Gwen Sherwood carol Durham University of North carolina at Chapel Hill School of NursingChapel HillNCUnited States Rex Healthcare RaleighNCUnited States

Background:Teamwork is essential to provide the highest quality of care for *** supported within a nursing unit is a significant factor in nursing satisfaction,intention to remain in the job,and the capacity to provide safe patient care by Aiken et al[1].Purpose:This study examined mutual support among a nursing team to measure the influence of an educational intervention focusing on Mutual Support from the Team STEPPS curriculum by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality,AHRQ[2].Methods:The study design used a Likert scale survey,the Nursing Teamwork Survey,before and following an education intervention adapted from the Team STEPPS curriculum on Mutual *** data from the 41 participants were analyzed for impact on educational background,roles and responsibilities,age,and other ***:Pre-Post education intervention results varied among the survey items,although scores demonstrated heightened awareness of teamwork following the educational *** subscale of Backup illustrated the strongest ***:The study demonstrates that education can have an impact on perceptions and awareness of mutual support among nursing team *** survey instrument can be used effectively to inform leadership areas for improvement and staff development in the effort to improve team coordination and mutual support.

关键词： Mutual support Nursing teams Team STEPPS Teamwork Safety

A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2018年第3期1卷 161-170页

作者： Erfan Soliman Sarujan Ranjan Tianyou Xu carol Gee Aidan Harker Alvaro Barrera John Geddes Department of Engineering Sciences Institute of BiomedicalEngineering Old Road Campus Research BuildingUniversity of Oxford Oxford OX3 7DQ UK Warneford Hospital Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust Warneford Ln Oxford OX3 7JX UK Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Warneford Hospital Warneford Ln Oxford OX3 7JX UK

There are 12 billion injections given worldwide every year. For many injections, the intramuscular route is favoured over the subcutaneous route due to the increased vascularity of muscle tissue and the corresponding increase in the bioavailability of drugs when administered intramuscularly. This paper is a review of the variables that affect the success of intramuscular injections and the implications that these success rates have in psychiatry and general medicine. Studies have shown that the success rates of intended intramuscular injections vary between 32 and 52%, with the rest potentially resulting in inadvertent subcutaneous drug deposition. These rates are found to be even lower for certain at-risk populations, such as obese patients and those on antipsychotic medications. The variables associated with an increased risk of injection failure include female sex, obesity, site of injection, and subcutaneous fat depth. New guidelines and methods are needed in order to address this challenge and ensure that patients receive optimum care. Looking forward, the best way to improve the delivery of intramuscular injections worldwide is to develop uniform algorithms or innovative medical devices to confirm or guarantee successful delivery at the bedside.

关键词： Intramuscular injection Gluteal Subcutaneous Ultrasound Computed tomography Antipsychotic

Lacrimal gland tumors in Turkey：types,frequency,and outcomes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第8期11卷 1296-1302页

作者： Yagmur Seda Yesiltas Ahmet Kaan Gundiiz Esra Erden carol L. Shields Department of Ophthalmology Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Ankara 06620 Turkey Department of Pathology Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Ankara 06230 Turkey Ocular Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA 19107 USA

AIM： To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and treatment features of lacrimal gland ***： Retrospective review of 99 eyes of 92 patients with lacrimal gland tumors diagnosed and managed in a single institution between January 1999 and March 2017. Clinical and radiological features, histopathology, treatment methods, and prognosis were ***： The mean patient age was 40.3（range： 7-80）*** diagnosis was made histopathologically in 91（91.9%） tumors and on a clinical and radiological basis in 8（8.1%） tumors. Final diagnoses included idiopathic orbital inflammation（pseudotumor） in 46（46.5%） lesions, pleomorphic adenoma in 14（14.1%）, adenoid cystic carcinoma in 12（12.1%）, granulomatous inflammation in 10（10.1%）, lymphoma in 5（5.0%）, benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 3（3.0%）, dacryops in 3（3.0%）, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in 2（2.0%）, adenocarcinoma in 1（1.0%）, dermoid cyst in 1（1.0%）, cavernous hemangioma in 1（1.0%）, and leukemic infiltration in 1（1.0%）. Nonepithelial tumors comprised 64.6%（n=64） of all lacrimal gland tumors, epithelial tumors 32.3%（n=32）, dermoid cyst 1%（n=1）, cavernous hemangioma 1%（n=1）, and leukemic infiltration 1%（n=1）. There were in total 78（78.8%） benign and 21（21.2%） malignant tumors. CONCLUSION： Overall, 65% of lacrimal gland tumors were of non-epithelial origin and 32% of epithelial origin. By histopathology and clinical evaluation, 79% of lacrimal gland tumors were benign. The most common lacrimal gland tumors include idiopathic orbital inflammation（46.5%）, epithelial（32.3%）, and lymphoproliferative（8.1%） lesions.

关键词： orbit lacrimal gland tumor inflammation epithelial tumor non-epithelial tumor

CPC Coding exam review 2007 : the certification step / carol J. Buck ; technical research assistants, Cynthia Stahl, Deborah Neville.

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Vitamin D in esophageal cancer: Is there a role for chemoprevention?

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作者： Buck carol J.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第1期10卷 23-30页

作者： carol Rouphael Afrin Kamal Madhusudhan R Sanaka Prashanthi N Thota Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cleveland Clinic

Vitamin D has emerged as a promising anti-cancer agent due to its diverse biological effects on tumor differentiation, apoptosis and suppression of cellular proliferation. Current evidence suggests a protective role of vitamin D in colon cancer. The effect of vitamin D on esophageal cancer remains controversial. Multiple studies investigated the association between vitamin D and esophageal cancer, employing different modes of assessment of vitamin D status such as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D dietary intake or exposure to ultraviolet B(UVB) radiation. Genetic variations of the vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene and VDR expression in esophageal specimens have also been investigated. Ecological studies evaluating exposure to UVB radiation yielded an inverse correlation with esophageal cancer. When vitamin D dietary intake was assessed, direct association with esophageal cancer was observed. However, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations showed inconsistent results. In this review article, we present a detailed summary of the current data on the effects of vitamin D on various histological subtypes of esophageal cancer and their precursor lesions. Well-powered prospective studies with accurate measurement of vitamin D status are needed before chemoprevention with vitamin D is recommended, as current evidence does not support a chemopreventive role of vitamin D against esophageal cancer. Future studies looking at the incidence of esophageal cancer in patients with pre-cancerous lesions(Barrett's esophagus and squamous cell dysplasia) receiving vitamin D supplementation are needed.

关键词： vitamin D vitamin D receptor esophageal adenocarcinoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma genetic polymorphism

Education programs for people living with chronic pain:a scoping review

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Frontiers of Nursing 2020年第4期7卷 307-319页

作者： Hai-Ying Wang carol Grech David Evans Rasika Jayasekara Family Health Golden Grove 205 The Golden WayGolden GroveSouth Australia 5125Australia School of Nursing&Midwifery University of South AustraliaAustralia

Objective:The aim of this scoping review was to provide evidence for health practitioners to improve patient education practice for chronic pain ***:A scoping review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s(2005)1 five-stage framework,investigated contemporary patient education programs(2007–2018)for chronic pain management in education content,formats of delivery,and tools used for *** analysis and description were used for the outcome ***:Seven quantitative studies were *** content consisted of General information,Cognitive behavior therapy(CBT),Self-management,and Pain neurophysiology(PN).Education delivery formats varied from workbook to workbook,face-toface,online,when given for a group or individual or in a combined *** total,19 tools were reported for the evaluation of the education ***:There is a variety in the education content and the delivery *** majority of programs showed effectiveness in patients’chronic pain management based on their selected evaluation *** review showed that patient education programs can be useful in chronic pain *** effectiveness of patient education programs focuses on the improved patients’physical function and quality of life rather than the cessation of pain only.

关键词： patient education chronic pain management scoping review taxonomy pain patient education

Checkmate to liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis C?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5514-5520页

作者： Anca Trifan carol Stanciu "Gr.T.Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy "St.Spiridon" University HospitalIndependentei 1700111 IasiRomania

Liver biopsy (LB) has traditionally been considered the gold standard for pretreatment evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, LB is an invasive procedure with several shortcomings (intra-and interobserver variability of histopathological interpretation, sampling errors, high cost) and the risk of rare but potentially life-threatening complications. In addition, LB is poorly accepted by patients and it is not suitable for repeated evaluation. Further-more, the prevalence of CHC makes LB unrealistic to be performed in all patients with this disease who are candidates for antiviral therapy. The above-mentioned drawbacks of LB have led to the development of non-invasive methods for the assessment of liver fibrosis. Several noninvasive methods, ranging from serum marker assays to advanced imaging techniques, have proved to be excellent tools for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with CHC, whereas the value of LB as a gold standard for staging fibrosis prior to antiviral therapy has become questionable for clinicians. Despite significant resistance from those in favor of LB, noninvasive methods for pretreatment assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with CHC have become part of routine clinical practice. With protease inhibitors-based triple therapy already available and substantial improvement in sustained virological response, the time has come to move forward to noninvasiveness, with no risks for the patient and, thus, no need for LB in the assessment of liver fibrosis in the decision making for antiviral therapy in CHC.

关键词： Liver biopsy Fibrosis Noninvasive methods