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同时性传入刺激引起大鼠体感皮层的功能重组

中国医学科学院学报 1991年第4期13卷 278-282页

作者：恽君惕 Michael M.Merzenich Tracy j.woodruff William M.jenkins 基础医学研究所 University of California at San Francisco USA

将大鼠的一对面部须毛粘合以便提供对须毛的同时刺激,4～8d后利用微电极在初级体感皮层测定各须毛的代表区,发现粘合须毛与正常对照大鼠须毛及自身的未粘合须毛相比,其皮层代表区有了显著的改变,主要是该对须毛代表区会聚面积的扩大。... 详细信息

将大鼠的一对面部须毛粘合以便提供对须毛的同时刺激,4～8d后利用微电极在初级体感皮层测定各须毛的代表区,发现粘合须毛与正常对照大鼠须毛及自身的未粘合须毛相比,其皮层代表区有了显著的改变,主要是该对须毛代表区会聚面积的扩大。这一发现支持过去的假设;皮层代表区及感受野的形成是由输入的相对强度及输入的时间结构决定的。

关键词：可塑性体感皮层大鼠

Competition and body size in plants:the between-species tradeoff for maximum potential versus minimum reproductive threshold size

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journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第3期4卷 115-122页

作者： Amanda j.tracey Lonnie W.Aarssen Department of Biology Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada

Aims According to traditional theory,superior competitive ability in plants generally requires relatively large plant body *** even within the most crowded vegetation,most resident species are relatively small;species size distributions are right-skewed at virtually every *** examine a potential explanation for this paradox:small species coexist with and outnumber large species because they have greater‘reproductive economy’,*** are better equipped—and hence more likely—to produce offspring despite severe size suppression from intense *** Randomly placed plots within old-field vegetation were surveyed across the growing *** each plot,the largest(MAX)and smallest(MIN)reproductive individuals of each resident species were collected for above-ground dry mass *** tested three hypotheses:(i)smaller resident species(with smaller MAX size)have generally smaller reproductive threshold sizes;(ii)smaller resident species have greater‘reproductive economy’,i.e.a smaller MIN relative to MAX reproductive plant size;and(iii)MIN size predicts plot occupancy(species abundance within the community)better than MAX *** Findings The results supported the first and third,but not the second ***,we could not reject the hypothesis that smaller species have greater reproductive economy,as it was not possible to record data for the largest potential plant size for each species—since even the largest(MAX)plants collected from our sampled plots were subjected to competition from neighbours under these natural field ***,contrary to conventional competition theory,more successful species(in terms of greater plot occupancy)had smaller minimum not larger(or smaller)maximum reproductive *** results suggest that a small reproductive threshold size,commonly associated with relatively small potential body size,is generally more effective in transmitting genes into future generations when selection

关键词： competition coexistence fitness old-field d reproductive economy species size distribution

Informal Caregiving and Disaster Risk Reduction:A Scoping Review

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第2期12卷 169-187页

作者： Christina j.Pickering Maya Dancey Karen Paik tracey O’Sullivan Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences University of OttawaOttawa KIN 6N5Canada EnRiCH Research Lab University of OttawaOttawa KIN 6N5Canada Telfer School of Management University of OttawaOttawa KIN 6N5Canada

Informal caregivers are a population currently in the shadows of disaster risk reduction(DRR),and yet essential to the provision of healthcare *** scoping review explored the literature to understand issues related to informal caregiving and promising practices to support resilience for *** guidelines for scoping review as outlined by Tricco et al.(2016),relevant publications were identified from five major databases—Medline,Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,and *** studies referenced informal caregiving and disasters for a variety of population groups including children,people with disabilities or chronic illnesses,and older *** were excluded if they discussed formal caregiving services(for example,nursing),lacked relevance to disasters,or had insufficient discussion of informal ***,21 articles met the inclusion criteria and were fully *** themes were identified:(1)the need for education and training in DRR;(2)stressors around medication and supply issues;(3)factors affecting the decision-making process in a disaster;(4)barriers leading to disaster-related problems;and(5)factors promoting *** areas of strategic action and knowledge gaps are *** informal caregivers do not feel adequately prepared for *** the important role of informal caregivers in healthcare provision,preparedness strategies are essential to support community resilience for those requiring personal care *** understanding and mobilizing assets to support the resilience of informal caregivers,we also support the resilience of the greater healthcare system and the community,in disaster contexts.

关键词： Caregiving Disaster resilience Disaster risk reduction Healthcare Informal caregiving

Regulation of HMGB1 release by infl ammasomes

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Protein & Cell 2013年第3期4卷 163-167页

作者： Ben Lu Haichao Wang Ulf Andersson Kevin j.tracey Laboratory of Biomedical Science Feinstein Institute for Medical Research350 Community DriveManhassetNY 11030USA The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine North Shore-LIJ Health system350 Community DriveManhassetNY 11030USA Department of Emergency Medicine North Shore University HospitalManhassetNY 11030USA Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska InstitutetS-17677 StockholmSweden

High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)is an evolutionarily conserved non-histone chromatin-binding *** infection or injury,activated immune cells and damaged cells release HMGB1 into the extracellular space,where HMGB1 functions as a proinflammatory mediator and contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of inflammatory *** studies reveal that infl ammasomes,intracellular protein complexes,critically regulate HMGB1 release from activated immune cells in response to a variety of exogenous and endogenous danger *** stranded RNA dependent kinase(PKR),an intracellular danger-sensing molecule,physically interacts with inflammasome components and is important for infl ammasome activation and HMGB1 ***,these studies not only unravel novel mechanisms of HMGB1 release during infl ammation,but also provide potential therapeutic targets to treat HMGB1-related infl ammatory diseases.

关键词： HMGB1 infl ammasome PKR

Factors Influencing the Risk and Recovery from Sport-Related Concussion

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中国运动医学杂志 2011年第1期30卷 79-85,78页

作者： R.j.Elbin tracey Covassin East Tennessee State University Michigan State University

Sport-related concussion remains a hot topic in the field of sport medicine as recent estimates indicate approximately 1.6 to 3 million concussions occur in sport and recreation every year in the United States[1].

关键词：脑震荡运动医学医学研究临床分析

Characterization of inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced male C57BL/6j mouse model of obesity

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2019年第4期2卷 252-258页

作者： Dimiter Avtanski Valentin A.Pavlov Kevin j.tracey Leonid Poretsky Lenox Hill Hospital Friedman Diabetes InstituteNorthwell HealthNew YorkNYUSA The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Northwell HealthManhassetNYUSA Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell HempsteadNYUSA

Background: Animal models of diet-induced obesity(DIO) are commonly used in medical research for mimicking human diseases. There is no universal animal model, and careful evaluation of variety of factors needs to be considered when designing new experiments. Here, we investigated the effect of 9 weeks high-fat diet(HFD) intervention, providing 60% energy from fat, on parameters of inflammation and insulin resistance in male C57 BL/6 j ***: Six weeks old mice were initiated on regular diet(RD) or HFD providing 60 kcal energy from fat for 9 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured by glucometer, and fasting plasma levels of insulin and proinflammatory cytokines by Luminex assay. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by using QUICKI and HOMA2 ***: HFD mice showed ~ 40% higher body weight and ~ 20% larger abdominal circumference, due to an increase in the white adipose tissue mass. Liver examination revealed increased size and higher hepatic lipid accumulation in livers from HFD mice compared to their RD counterparts. Animals from the HFD group were characterized with significantly higher presence of crown-like structures(CLS) in WAT and higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines(TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, MCP-1, PAI-1, and resistin). HFD-fed mice also demonstrated impaired insulin sensitivity(lower QUICKI, higher HOMA-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), and lower HOMA-percent sensitivity(HOMA-%S)) index ***: Male C57 BL/6 j mice on 9 weeks HFD providing 60 kcal energy from fat display impaired insulin sensitivity and chronic inflammation, thus making this DIO mouse model appropriate for studies of early stages of obesity-related pathology.

关键词： diet high‐fat insulin resistance mouse model

The splicing factor Prp31 is essential for photoreceptor development in Drosophila

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Protein & Cell 2010年第3期1卷 267-274页

作者： Payal Ray Xiaoyan Luo Elizabeth j.Rao Amina Basha Elvin A.woodruff III jane Y.Wu Department of Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg Medical SchoolChicagoIL 60611USA Magnify Inc. 2316 Riverside DrNashvilleTN 37216USA Present address:Trumbull College Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA

Retinitis pigmentosa is a leading cause of blindness and a progressive retinal disorder,affecting millions of people *** disease is characterized by photoreceptor degeneration,eventually leading to complete *** dominant(adRP)has been associated with mutations in at least four ubiquitously expressed genes encoding pre-mRNA splicing factors—Prp3,Prp8,Prp31 and *** function of adRPassociated splicing factor genes and molecular mechanisms by which mutations in these genes cause cell-type specific photoreceptor degeneration in humans remain to be *** investigate the in vivo function of these adRP-associated splicing factor genes,we examined Drosophila in which expression of fly Prp31 homolog was *** analyses show that CG6876 is the likely candidate of Drosophila melanogaster Prp31 homolog(DmPrp31).Predicted peptide sequence for CG6876 shows 57%similarity to the Homo sapiens Prp31 protein(HsPrp31).Reduction of the endogenous Prp31 by RNAi-mediated knockdown speci-fically in the eye leads to reduction of eye size or complete absence of eyes with remarkable features of photoreceptor degeneration and recapitulates the bimodal expressivity of human Prp31 mutations in adRP *** transgenic DmPrp31RNAi flies provide a useful tool for identifying genetic modifiers or interacting genes for *** of the human Prp31 in these animals leads to a partial rescue of the eye *** results indicate that the Drosophila CG6876 is the fly ortholog of mammalian Prp31 gene.

关键词： Drosophila photoreceptor degeneration retinitis pigmentosa Prp31

Land use and dingo baiting are correlated with the density of kangaroos in rangeland systems

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 299-315页

作者： Stuart j.DAWSON tracey L.KREPLINS Malcolm S.KENNEDY juanita RENWICK Mark A.COWAN Patricia A.FLEMING Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development(present address) South PerthAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development NorthamAustralia Queensland Department of Environment and Science Australia Queensland Department of Environment and Science MoggillAustralia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsWoodvaleAustralia

Rangelands worldwide have been subject to broadscale modiﬁcation,such as widespread predator control,intro-duction of permanent livestock water and altered vegetation to improve *** Australia,these landscape changes have resulted in kangaroos(*** macropods)populations increasing over the past 200 ***-garoos are a key contributor to total grazing pressure and in conjunction with livestock and feral herbivores have been linked to land *** used 22 years of aerial survey data to investigate whether the density of 3 macropod species in the southern rangelands of Western Australia was associated with:(i)land use,including type of livestock,total livestock,density of feral goats,type of land tenure,and kangaroo commercial harvest effort;(ii)predator management,including permitted dingo control effort,estimated dingo abundance,and presence of the State Barrier Fence(a dingo exclusion fence);and(iii)environmental variables:ruggedness,rainfall,fractional cover,and total standing dry *** kangaroos(Osphranter rufus)were most abundant inﬂat,open vegetation,on pastoral land,where area permitted for dingo control was high,and numbers were positively associated with antecedent rainfall with a 12-month *** grey kangaroos(Macropus fuliginosus)were most abundant onﬂat,agricultural land,but less abundant in areas with high permitted dingo ***(Osphranter robustus)were most abundant in rugged pastoral land with open vegetation,where permitted dingo control was *** environmental variables are key drivers of landscape productivity and kangaroo populations,anthropogenic factors such as land use and permitted dingo control are strongly associated with kangaroo abundance.

关键词： herbivores livestock macropods overgrazing rangelands total grazing pressure

Combining in-situ water quality and remotely sensed data across spatial and temporal scales to measure variability in wet season chlorophyll-a:Great Barrier Reef lagoon(Queensland,Australia)

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 328-349页

作者： Michelle j Devlin Eduardo Teixeira da Silva Caroline Petus Amelia Wenger Daniel Zeh Dieter tracey jorge GÁlvarez-Romero jon Brodie Catchment to Reef Research Group TropWaterJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia

Introduction:Combining in-situ data from single-point time series with remotely sensed spatial data allowed a greater elucidation of changes in chlorophyll-a concentrations through wet season conditions in the Great Barrier Reef coastal ***:Single-point time-series data were collected from 2006 to 2012 during high river flow conditions to assess changes in phytoplankton biomass(measured as chlorophyll-a).Additionally,three flood plume water types,derived from classified true-colour Aqua moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)images,were used to group single-point time-series data for the phytoplankton biomass ***:Survey data illustrate the heterogeneity of chlorophyll-a distribution over seasonal and inter-annual cycles and the difficulty in describing community responses through the wet *** spatial data demonstrate distinct regional differences throughout the Great Barrier *** high chlorophyll-a concentrations measured in flood plume waters immediately adjacent to the inshore,highly turbid‘inner’flood plume are a product of sufficient light,given most of the suspended solids have settled from the plume,and the availability of sufficient nutrients,which drive higher phytoplankton production and characterise the formation of secondary stage flood *** formation and extent of these secondary flood plumes were mapped using MODIS true-colour satellite *** distance and the location of the secondary plume water are reliant on flow,coastal hydrodynamics,and biological ***:The combination of in-situ data and remotely sensed data provides information on the complexity of these coastal processes during the wet season and offers managers a more comprehensive understanding of the extent of nutrient enrichment in the Great Barrier Reef coastal area and the potential influence of flood plumes on coastal marine ecosystems.

关键词： Chlorophyll-a Great barrier reef Phytoplankton Monitoring Remote sensing MODIS