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Xyloglucan for Generating Tensile Stress to Bend Tree Stem

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 893-903页

作者： Kei'ichi Baba Yong Woo Park Tomomi Kaku Rumi Kaida Miyuki Takeuchi Masato Yoshida Yoshihiro Hosoo Yasuhisa Ojio Takashi Okuyama Toru Taniguchi Yasunori Ohmiya Teiji Kondo Ziv Shani Oded Shoseyov Tatsuya Awano Satoshi Serada Naoko Norioka Shigemi Norioka Takahisa Hayashi Kyoto University RISH Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan Graduate School of Bioagricultural-Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Forest Tree Breeding Center Hitachi Ibaraki 319-1301 Japan CBD Technologies Rehovot 76100 Israel Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Institute of Sustainability Science Kyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan

In response to environmental variation, angiosperm trees bend their stems by forming tension wood, which consists of a cellulose-rich G （gelatinous）-Iayer in the walls of fiber cells and generates abnormal tensile stress in the secondary xylem. We produced transgenic poplar plants overexpressing several endoglycanases to reduce each specific polysaccharide in the cell wall, as the secondary xylem consists of primary and secondary wall layers. When placed horizontally, the basal regions of stems of transgenic poplars overexpressing xyloglucanase alone could not bend upward due to low strain in the tension side of the xylem. In the wild-type plants, xyloglucan was found in the inner surface of G-layers during multiple layering. In situ xyloglucan endotransglucosylase （XET） activity showed that the incorporation of whole xyloglucan, potentially for wall tightening, began at the inner surface layers S1 and S2 and was retained throughout G-layer development, while the incorporation of xyloglucan heptasaccharide （XXXG） for wall loosening occurred in the primary wall of the expanding zone. We propose that the xyloglucan network is reinforced by XET to form a further connection between wall-bound and secreted xyloglucans in order to withstand the tensile stress created within the cellulose G-layer micro fibrils.

关键词： G-layer tensile stress xyloglucan xyloglucan endotransglucosylase

Modules for in vitro metabolic engineering:Pathway assembly for biobased production of value-added chemicals

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2017年第2期2卷 65-74页

作者： Hironori taniguchi Kenji Okano Kohsuke Honda Synthetic Bioengineering Lab Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565-0871Japan

Bio-based chemical production has drawn attention regarding the realization of a sustainable society.In vitro metabolic engineering is one of the methods used for the bio-based production of value-added chemicals.This method involves the reconstitution of natural or artificial metabolic pathways by assembling purified/semi-purified enzymes in vitro.Enzymes from distinct sources can be combined to construct desired reaction cascades with fewer biological constraints in one vessel,enabling easier pathway design with high modularity.Multiple modules have been designed,built,tested,and improved by different groups for different purpose.In this review,we focus on these in vitro metabolic engineering modules,especially focusing on the carbon metabolism,and present an overview of input modules,output modules,and other modules related to cofactor management.

关键词： In vitro metabolic engineering Module Glycolysis Pentose phosphate pathway Cofactor management

The Cross-ratio Compactification of the Configuration Space of Ordered Points on 

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第10期28卷 2129-2138页

作者： Risako FUNAHASHI Masahiko taniguchi Department of Mathematics Graduate School of Humanities and SciencesNara Women’s University Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Nara Women’s University

A natural compactification of the virtual configuration space of N points on the Riemann sphere C is constructed by using cross-ratios. We show that this compactification is homeomorphic to the Bers＇ compactification of the virtual moduli space of a punctured Riemann sphere of type N. In particular, the system of global and explicit coordinates of this standard compactification is given by cross-ratios.

关键词： Cross-ratios configuration space planar domains with nodes

Field induced Chern insulating states in twisted monolayer–bilayer graphene

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 69-73页

作者：王政文韩英卓 Kenji Watanabe Takashi taniguchi 姜宇航毛金海 School of Physical Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Advanced Materials Laboratory National Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba 305-0044Japan

Unraveling the mechanism underlying topological phases, notably the Chern insulators(Ch Is) in strong correlated systems at the microscopy scale, has captivated significant research interest. Nonetheless, Ch Is harboring topological information have not always manifested themselves, owing to the constraints imposed by displacement fields in certain experimental configurations. In this study, we employ density-tuned scanning tunneling microscopy(DT-STM) to investigate the Ch Is in twisted monolayer–bilayer graphene(t MBG). At zero magnetic field, we observe correlated metallic states.While under a magnetic field, a metal–insulator transition happens and an integer Ch I is formed emanating from the filling index s = 3 with a Chern number C = 1. Our results underscore the pivotal role of magnetic fields as a powerful probe for elucidating topological phases in twisted Van der Waals heterostructures.

关键词： Chern insulators strong correlation effects two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure density-tuned scanning tunneling microscopy(DT-STM)

Hypoxia inducible factor(HIF) in the tumor microenvironment：friend or foe？

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第10期60卷 1114-1124页

作者： Yanqing Huang Daniel Lin Cullen M.taniguchi The University of Texas at MD Anderson Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA The University of Texas at MD Anderson Division of Radiation Oncology MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

Hypoxia acts as an important regulator of physiological and pathological processes. Hypoxia inducible factors(HIFs) are the central players involved in the cellular adaptation to hypoxia and are regulated by oxygen sensing EGLN prolyl hydroxylases.Hypoxia affects many aspects of cellular growth through both redox effects and through the stabilization of HIFs. The HIF isoforms likely have differential effects on tumor growth via alteration of metabolism, growth, and self-renewal and are likely highly context-dependent. In some tumors such as renal cell carcinoma, the EGLN/HIF axis appears to drive tumorigenesis,while in many others HIF1 and HIF2 may actually have a tumor suppressive role. An emerging role of HIF biology is its effects on the tumor microenvironment. The EGLN/HIF axis plays a key role in regulating the function of the various components of the tumor microenvironment, which include cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix(ECM). Here, we discuss hypoxia and the diverse roles of HIFs in the setting of tumorigenesis and the maintenance of the tumor microenvironment as well as possible future directions of the field.

关键词： hypoxia HIF tumor microenvironment cellular homeostasis mouse model

氢氧化铝纳米片:结构依赖性癌症化疗药物的储运（英文）

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无机材料学报 2020年第2期35卷 250-256页

作者： LI Xia SHENASHEN Mohamed A MEKAWY Moataz taniguchi Akiyoshi EI-SAFTY Sherif A Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials ScienceIbaraki 305-0047Japan Cellular Functional Nanomaterials Group Research Center for Functional MaterialsNational Institute for Materials ScienceIbaraki 305-0044Japan Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing University of SunderlandSunderlandUnited Kingdom

Alum has an excellent safety record and is the only licensed inorganic adjuvant for human vaccines.However,the exploration of alum nanosheets as chemotherapy drug delivery system,especially the clarification about the relationship between structures and drug loading properties,is totally insufficient.Herein,aluminum hydroxides(AlOOH)nanosheets with tunable specific surface area and pore size were synthesized by adjusting the synthesis time in the presence of triblock copolymers.The obtained materials exhibited the highest surface area about 470 m2/g.The structure-dependent chemotherapy drug loading capability for AlOOH nanosheets was observed:the higher specific surface area and pore size are,the higher amount of chemotherapy drug is loaded.AlOOH nanosheets loaded with doxorubicin showed a pH-dependent sustained release behavior with quick release in low pH about 5 and slow release in pH around 7.4.Doxorubicin-loaded AlOOH nanosheets exhibited much higher cancer cellular uptake efficiency than that in free form by flow cytometry.Moreover,doxorubicin-loaded AlOOH nanosheets with high specific surface area showed an increased cellular uptake efficiency and enhanced ratios of apoptosis and necrosis,compared with those showing low specific surface area.Therefore,AlOOH nanosheets are promising materials as chemotherapy drug delivery system.

关键词： aluminum hydroxide nanosheet cancer chemotherapy storage drug delivery

Observation of~100%valley-coherent excitons in monolayer MoS_(2) through giant enhancement of valley coherence time

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光:科学与应用(英文版) 2023年第8期12卷 1644-1650页

作者： Garima Gupta Kenji Watanabe Takashi taniguchi Kausik Majumdar Department of Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials ScienceTsukubaJapan international Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials ScienceTsukubaJapan

In monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors,valley coherence degrades rapidly due to a combination of fast scattering and inter-valley exchange interaction.This leads to a sub-picosecond valley coherence time,making coherent manipulation of exciton a highly challenging task Using monolayer MoS_(2) sandwiched between top and bottom graphene,here we demonstrate fully valley-coherent excitons by observing~100%degree of linear polarization in steady state photoluminescence.This is achieved in this unique design through a combined effect of(a)suppression in exchange interaction due to enhanced dielectric screening,(b)reduction in exciton lifetime due to a fast inter-layer transfer to graphene,and(c)operating in the motional narrowing regime.We disentangle the role of the key parameters affecting valley coherence by using a combination of calculation(solutions of Bethe-Salpeter and Maiallle-Silva-Sham equations)and a careful choice of design of experiments using four different stacks with systematic variation of screening and exciton lifetime.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report in which the excitons are found to be valley coherent in the entire lifetime in monolayer semiconductors,allowing optical readout of valley coherence possible.

关键词： coherent monolayer lifetime

Deterministic and replaceable transfer of silver flakes for microcavities

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Frontiers of physics 2023年第3期18卷 139-146页

作者： Tingting Wang Zhihao Zang Yuchen Gao Kenji Watanabe Takashi taniguchi Wei Bao Yu Ye State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100871China Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba305-0044Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba305-0044Japan Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Peking UniversityNantong 226010China

How to fabricate high-quality microcavities simply and at low cost without causing damage to environmentally sensitive active layers such as perovskites are crucial for the studies of exciton–polaritons,however,it remains challenging in the field of microcavity fabrication.Usually,once the top mirror is deposited,the detuning of the microcavity is fixed and there is no easy way to tune it.Here,we have developed a method for deterministically transferring silver mirrors,which is relatively simple and guarantees the active layer from damaging of high temperature,particle bombardment,etc.,during the deposition of the top mirror.Furthermore,with the help of a glass probe,we demonstrate a replaceable silver transfer method to tune the detuning of the microcavity,thereby changing the coupling of photons and excitons therein.The developed deterministic and replaceable silver mirror transfer methods will provide the capability to fabricate high-quality and tunable microcavities and play an active role in the development of the exciton–polariton field.

关键词： silver microcavity transfer perovskite

Motor vehicle accidents: How should cirrhotic patients be managed?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第21期18卷 2597-2599页

作者： Takumi Kawaguchi Eitaro taniguchi Michio Sata Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Kurume University School of MedicineKurume 830-0011 Japan Department of Digestive Disease Information and Research Kurume University School of MedicineKurume 830-0011 Japan

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are serious social issues worldwide and driver illness is an important cause of MVAs. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a com- plex cognitive dysfunction with attention deficit, which frequently occurs in cirrhotic patients independent of severity of liver disease. Although MHE is known as a risk factor for MVAs, the impact of diagnosis and treatment of MHE on MVA-related societal costs is largely unknown. Recently, Bajaj et al demonstrated valuable findings that the diagnosis of MHE by rapid screening using the inhibitory control test (ICT), and subsequent treatment with lactulose could substantially reduce the societal costs by preventing MVAs. Besides the ICT and lactulose, there are various diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for MHE. In this commentary, we discussed a current issue of diagnostic tools for MHE, including neuropsychological tests. We also discussed the advantages of the other therapeutic strategies for MHE, such as intake of a regular breakfast and coffee, and supplementation with zinc and branched chain amino acids, on the MVA-related societal costs.

关键词：交通事故肝硬化机动车移动增值业务电信增值服务诊断工具管理认知功能障碍