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Targets with cone-shaped microstructures from various materials for enhanced high-intensity laser-matter interaction

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 168-173页

作者： Tina Ebert RenéHeber torsten abel Johannes Bieker Gabriel Schaumann and Markus Roth Institut für Kernphysik Department of PhysicsTechnische Universität Darmstadt64289 DarmstadtGermany Integrierte Mikro-Nano-Systeme Department of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologyTechnische Universität Darmstadt64283 DarmstadtGermany

Targets with microstructured front surfaces have shown great potential in improving high-intensity laser–matter interaction.We present cone-shaped microstructures made out of silicon and titanium created by ultrashort laser pulse processing with different characteristics.In addition,we illustrate a process chain based on moulding to recreate the laser-processed samples out of polydimethylsiloxane,polystyrol and copper.With all described methods,samples of large sizes can be manufactured,therefore allowing time-efficient,cost-reduced and reliable ways to fabricate large quantities of identical targets.

关键词： microstructured targets moulding particle acceleration ultrashort laser pulse processing X-ray generation

Subpopulations of regulatory T cells are associated with subclinical atherosclerotic plaques,levels of LDL,and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 288-296,I0002页

作者： Tim Böttrich Pascal Bauer Vincent Gröβer Magdalena Huber Hartmann Raifer torsten Frech Svenja Nolte Theresa Dombrowski Franz Cemic Natascha Sommer Robert Ringseis Klaus Eder Karsten Krüger Christopher Weyh Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy Institute of Sports ScienceJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Department of Cardiology and Angiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35392Germany Institute for Systems Immunology Center for Tumor und ImmunologyMarburg 35032Germany TH Mittelhessen Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Applied Sciences GiessenGiessen 35390Germany Department of Internal Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Giessen 35394Germany Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI) Justus-Liebig UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35390Germany

Background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular disease.Since pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early interventions.There is evidence that regulatory T cells(Tregs)are involved in the development of atherosclerosis.Therefore,the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques(SAP).In addition,various lifestyle and risk factors,such as cardiorespiratory fitness,were investigated as associated signatures.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants(male:n=50;age=63.6±3.7 years;body mass index=24.9±3.1 kg/m2;mean±SD)who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking medication.Ultrasound of the carotids to identify SAP,cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were performed.Additionally,tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose levels.Immunophenotyping of Tregs and their subtypes(resting(rTregs)and effector/memory(mTregs))was performed by 8-chanel flow cytometry.Participants were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque status.Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between parameters.Results:SAP was detected in a total of 29 participants.The participants with plaque were older(64.8±3.6 years vs.62.9±3.5 years)and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure(133.8±14.7 mmHg vs.125.8±10.9 mmHg).The participants with SAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs(28.8%±10.7%vs.34.6%±10.7%)and a higher percentage of mTregs(40.3%±14.7%vs.30.0%±11.9%).Multiple logistic regression identified age(odds ratio(OR)=1.20(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.011.42))and mTregs(OR=1.05(95%CI:1.021.10))as independent

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Elderly Regulatory T cells Subclinical atherosclerosis

Dysfunction of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)increases the risk of obesity

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2298-2311页

作者： Heba Zabritorsten Schöneberg AndréNguyen Dietzsch Hadi Al-Hasani Joachim Altschmied Katharina Bottermann Jana Brendler Judith Haendeler Susanne Horn Isabell Kaczmarek Antje Körner Kerstin Krause Kathrin Landgraf Diana Le Duc Laura Lehmann Stefan Lehr Stephanie Pick Albert Ricken Rene Schnorr Angela Schulz Martina Strnadová Akhil Velluva Heba Zabri torsten Schöneberg Doreen Thor Simone Prömel Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Medical FacultyGerman Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany German Center for Diabetes Research(DZD e.V.) Munich-NeuherbergGermany Cardiovascular Degeneration Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Cardiovascular Research Institute(CARID) Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Pharmacology Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Anatomy Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Center for Pediatric Research Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research(HI-MAG)of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany Department of Endocrinology NephrologyRheumatologyLeipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Human Genetics Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Cell Biology Department of BiologyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany School of Medicine University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda

Obesity is one of the diseases with severe health consequences and rapidly increasing worldwide prevalence.Understanding the complex network of food intake and energy balance regulation is an essential prerequisite for pharmacological intervention with obesity.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are among the main modulators of metabolism and energy balance.They,for instance,regulate appetite and satiety in certain hypothalamic neurons,as well as glucose and lipid metabolism and hormone secretion from adipocytes.Mutations in some GPCRs,such as the melanocortin receptor type 4(MC4R),have been associated with early-onset obesity.Here,we identified the adhesion GPCR latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)as a member of the regulating network governing food intake and the maintenance of energy balance.Deficiency of the highly conserved receptor in mice results in increased food consumption and severe obesity,accompanied by dysregulation of glucose homeostasis.Consistently,we identified a partially inactivating mutation in human ADGRL1/LPHN1 in a patient suffering from obesity.Therefore,we propose that LPHN1 dysfunction is a risk factor for obesity development.

关键词： obesity metabolism intake

Designing with nature:Advancing threedimensional green spaces in architecture through frameworks for biophilic design and sustainability

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第4期12卷 732-753页

作者： Weijie Zhong torsten Schroeder Juliette Bekkering Architectural Design and Engineering Department of the Built EnvironmentEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands

In the transition to a more sustainable built environment over the last two decades,the“greening”of architecture as a popular approach has received widespread attention.However,there are still many open questions and contradictions regarding how to design with“nature”and contribute to sustainability.In addition,explorations of built examples are rare,and three-dimensional(3D)green spaces in buildings are often overlooked.Therefore,we introduce“green pockets”(3D green spaces)as a typology distinct from two-dimensional green roofs and walls/facades.We draw on a mixed-method approach to study two cases(Erasmus MC and Hotel Jakarta),comprising 12 semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders,design document analysis,and site observation.We develop a critical reflection(a framework)on the impacts of“green architecture”on sustainability from unpacked benefits and adopt a biophilic design framework to analyse designing with“nature”in architectural practice.These findings demonstrate that green pockets contribute to integrating multiple experiences of“nature”into buildings and developing sustainable architecture.Designing green pockets with visibility,accessibility,and spatial characteristics(e.g.,prospect and refuge,organised complexity,peril,and mystery)of“nature”improves building quality.Furthermore,we provide design recommendations to advance green pocket designs and make suggestions for future research.

关键词： Biophilic design Biophilic architecture Design with nature Green space Sustainability Sustainable architecture

Stachel-mediated activation of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors:insights from cryo-EM studies

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2636-2637页

作者： Ines Liebscher torsten Schöneberg Doreen Thor Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry Medical FacultyLeipzig University04103 LeipzigGermany

Recently,a set of cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM)structures of different adhesion G protein-coupled receptors(aGPCRs)has been published by Xiao et al.1,Ping et al.2,Qu et al.3,and Barros-Álvarez et al.4 shedding light on the activation of the seven-helix transmembrane domain(7TMD)via their tethered peptide agonist.Adhesion GPCRs are an evolutionary old class of receptors that play a key role in several physiological processes including neuron and synapse formation,immune response,and metabolism.They are unique within the superfamily of GPCRs because they combine the structural features of adhesive molecules,mediating cell–cell or cell–matrix interaction,with intracellular G protein-mediated signalling.The long extracellular N terminus of the receptor harbours distinct functional domains including the highly conserved GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing(GAIN)domain with the GPCR proteolysis site(GPS).Many,but not all aGPCRs are autoproteolytically cleaved at the GPS into a N-and a C-terminal fragment(NTF and CTF,respectively),which remain non-covalently attached.

关键词： activation insight attached

Biophilic design in architecture and its contributions to health,well-being,and sustainability:A critical review

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第1期11卷 114-141页

作者： Weijie Zhong torsten Schröder Juliette Bekkering Architectural Design and Engineering Department of the Built EnvironmentEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoventhe Netherlands

In the last ten years,‘nature’and biophilic design have received widespread attention in architecture,especially in response to growing environmental challenges.However,open questions and controversies remain regarding conceptualizing and addressing‘nature’in practice and research.This study conducts a literature review to discuss biophilic design as a theoretical framework to interpret‘nature’in architecture.The following questions are answered:(1)How has the concept of biophilic design emerged,and how can it be defined?(2)In what ways can biophilic design contribute to the goals of sustainable architecture?(3)What are the key design strategies in biophilic design?This review identifies and compares the key frameworks of biophilic design and explains their major elements.We then analyse the benefits(e.g.,enhance health,well-being,productivity,biodiversity,and circularity)of biophilic design in achieving sustainability,as framed through the UN Sustainable Development Goals.The results indicate that biophilic design is more complex and richer than the mere application of vegetation in buildings;it broadens the variety through encompassing different types of nature from physical,sensory,metaphorical,morphological,material to spiritual.Moreover,knowledge gaps are identified to motivate future research and critical reflections on biophilic design practices.

关键词： Biophilic design Biophilic architecture Sustainability Sustainable architecture Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Nature-based solutions

The interplay between (electro)chemical and (chemo)mechanical effects in the cycling performance of thiophosphate-based solid-state batteries

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Materials Futures 2022年第1期1卷 122-134页

作者： Jun Hao Teo Florian Strauss Felix Walther Yuan Ma Seyedhosein Payandeh torsten Scherer Matteo Bianchini Jürgen Janek torsten Brezesinski Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Institute of Physical Chemistry&Center for Materials Research Justus-Liebig-University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392 GiessenGermany KNMF Laboratory for Micro-and Nanostructuring Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany BASF SE Carl-Bosch-Str.3867056 LudwigshafenGermany

Solid-state batteries(SSBs)are a promising next step in electrochemical energy storage but are plagued by a number of problems.In this study,we demonstrate the recurring issue of mechanical degradation because of volume changes in layered Ni-rich oxide cathode materials in thiophosphate-based SSBs.Specifically,we explore superionic solid electrolytes(SEs)of different crystallinity,namely glassy 1.5Li_(2)S-0.5P_(2)S_(5)-LiI and argyrodite Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl,with emphasis on how they affect the cyclability of slurry-cast cathodes with NCM622(60%Ni)or NCM851005(85%Ni).The application of a combination of ex situ and in situ analytical techniques helped to reveal the benefits of using a SE with a low Young’s modulus.Through a synergistic interplay of(electro)chemical and(chemo)mechanical effects,the glassy SE employed in this work was able to achieve robust and stable interfaces,enabling intimate contact with the cathode material while at the same time mitigating volume changes.Our results emphasize the importance of considering chemical,electrochemical,and mechanical properties to realize long-term cycling performance in high-loading SSBs.

关键词： solid-state battery slurry casting lithium thiophosphate electrolyte Ni-rich NCM cathode degradation

Reproductive biology of Gazella arabica: Predictors of offspring weight and short- and long-term offspring survival

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 643-653页

作者： Ryan A.Martin Rudiger Riesch Martin Plath Naif A.Al Hanoosh torsten Wronski Department of Biology DeGrace HallCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Sciences Centre for EcologyEvolution and BehaviourRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamSurreyUK CEFE CNRSUniv MontpellierEPHEIRDMontpellierFrance College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao PauloAvenida Bandeirantes 390014040-902Brazil National Center for Wildlife King Khalid Wildlife Research CenterThumamahKingdom of Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK

Reproductive traits are central to organismal fitness,and so the factors influencing patterns of reproduction and offspring survival are at the heart of biology.Making use of breeding data collected over 16 years at the King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre in Saudi Arabia,we investigated the reproductive biology of Arabian gazelles Gazella arabica.Offspring survival was mainly a function of birth weight,with heavier offspring having higher survival rates than lighter offspring.However,while sons were heavier than daughters,daughters had higher survival rates.We could not find evidence that giving birth to sons negatively impacts offspring weight in the following year.We uncovered large narrow-sense heritability(h2)in offspring weight at birth,while maternal effects(m2)on birth weight were of lesser importance.However,maternal effects on offspring survival were strong until weaning age,while paternal effects dominated survival to sexual maturity and first reproduction.We propose that variation in maternal postnatal care might overshadow the effects of maternal inheritance of birth weights,while the overall strong heritability of weight at birth and the paternal effects on survival llustrates strong variance in sire fitness based on genetic quality,suggesting a role for sexual selectionbyfemalemate choiceinwildpopulations.

关键词： Arabian gazelles heritability life-history evolution offspring mortality sex differences ungulates

Preservation of aberrant right hepatic arteries does not affect safety and oncological radicality of pancreaticoduodenectomy-own results and a systematic review of the literature

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第1期11卷 25-37页

作者： Cedrik Pyras Carsten Lukas Monika Janot-Matuschek torsten Herzog Andrea Tannapfel Waldemar Uhl Orlin Belyaev Department of Surgery St.Josef HospitalRuhr University BochumBochumGermany Institute of Radiology St.Josef HospitalRuhr University BochumBochumGermany Institute of Pathology Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany

Background:Aberrant right hepatic arteries(aRHA)are frequently encountered during pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Their effects on surgical morbidity and resection margin are still debated.This study aimed to compare the short term and long term outcomes in patients with and without aRHA.Methods:A single-center retrospective analysis of 353 consecutive PD during a 5-year period was done.The type of arterial supply was determined preoperatively by CT and confirmed at surgery.Hiatt types III-VI included some type of aRHA and comprised the study group.Hiatt types I and II were considered irrelevant for PD and used as controls.Primary endpoints were the rates of major postoperative complications and the rate of R0-resection in cases of malignant disease.Secondary endpoints included duration of surgery,postoperative stay,number of harvested lymph nodes and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.Own results were compared to existent data using a systematic review of the literature.Results:No aRHA had to be sacrificed or reconstructed.Surgical morbidity and specific complications such as post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage(PPH),pancreatic fistula and bile leak were the same in patients with and without aRHA.There was no significant difference in operative time,blood loss,length of ICU-and hospital stay.Patients with malignancy had similar high rates of R0-resection and identical number of harvested lymph nodes.Survival of patients with pancreatic cancer was not affected by aRHA.Conclusions:aRHA may be preserved in virtually all cases of PD for resectable pancreatic head lesions without increasing surgical morbidity and without compromising oncological radicality in patients with cancer,provided the variant anatomy is being recognised on preoperative CT and a meticulous surgical technique is used.

关键词： Replaced hepatic artery accessory hepatic artery pancreatic cancer pancreatic surgery resection margin complications vascular anomalies