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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 279-287页

作者： torben Andersen Department of physics Lund UniversityProfessorsgatan 1Lund22663Sweden

Considering recent developments in the energy sector,further reduction of electricity cost and flattening of the electric power demand curve are *** have focused on an autonomous electric heater control system that can easily be implemented in existing buildings without strict comfort *** are winter heating of warehouses and vacation homes,and heat drying of buildings under *** have set up a system that typically reduces electricity cost by about 40%on the basis of automatic weather and real time pricing *** system uses the building as an energy reservoir over periods with high electricity *** a model predictive control system,we compare use of a genetic algorithm,a particle swarm optimization,and a neural network for heater control,all working in a closed loop to reduce the influence of modeling *** have simulated the performance of the systems using realistic data and found that all three optimizers give about the same performance,varying only a few percent in ***,the computational and memory requirements of the neural network are much lower than for the other optimizers,so it is preferable for use with inexpensive *** carried out a full-scale experiment at a residential house and found agreement with simulation results.

关键词： Home energy management system Demand response Genetic algorithm Particle swarm optimization Neural network model predictive control

A reduced model for particle calcination for use in DEm/CFD simulations

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Particuology 2024年第10期93卷 316-327页

作者： Lucas mieg torben Bergold Enric Illana mahiques Viktor Scherer martin mönnigmann Automatic Control and System Theory Ruhr University BochumGermany Energy Plant Technology Ruhr University BochumGermany

We treat the accurate simulation of the calcination reaction in particles,where the particles are large and,thus,the inner-particle processes must be *** these processes need to be described with coupled partial differential equations(PDEs)that must be solved numerically,the computation times for a single particle are too high for use in simulations that involve many *** of this type arise when the Discrete Element method(DEm)is combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)to investigate industrial systems such as quicklime production in lime shaft *** show that,based on proper orthogonal decomposition and Galerkin projection,reduced models can be derived for single particles that provide the same spatial and temporal resolution as the original PDE models at a considerably reduced computational *** the finite volume particle models with the reduced models results in an overall reduction of the reactor simulation time by about 40%for the sample system treated here.

关键词： Calcination Reactive bulk model reduction Discrete element method Galerkin projection

Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 37-46页

作者： Kasey m moyes torben Larsen Peter S?rensen Klaus L Ingvartsen Department of Animal and Avian Sciences University of Maryland142 Animal Sciences BuildingMD 20742-231120910 College ParkMDUSA Department of Animal Science Faculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus University

Background： The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during ImI challenge with Escherichia coli （E. coh. for dairy cows during early lactation. Thirty, healthy primiparous Holstein cows were infused （h = 0） with -20-40 cfu of live E. coil into one front mammary quarter at -4-6 wk in lactation. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. At -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E. coil Composite milk samples were collected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge （h=0） and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, somatic cell count, fat, protein, lactose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, free glucose （fglu）, and glucose-6-phosphate （G6P）. Blood was collected at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, 72, 84, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA）, BHBA and glucose concentration. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of ImI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation. Results： By 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-ImI challenge. Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased （P 〈0.05） by 1 and 2 d, respectively, after mastitis challenge. Plasma BHBA decreased （12 h, P 〈0.05） from 0.96± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57±0.64 mmol/L by ]8 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA （78 h） and glucose （24 h） were significantly greater, 11 and 27%, respectively, after challenge. In milk fglu, lactose, citrate, fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6P were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values. Conclusion

关键词： Cow Early lactation Escherichia coli metabolism

Handling iron in restorative neuroscience

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1558-1559页

作者： Lisa Junl Routhe torben moos Laboratory of Neurobiology Biomedicine Group Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University

The transition metal iron exerts essential roles in the central nervous system（CNS）for oxygen transport,myelin formation,and synthesis of *** redox active,iron switches between ferrous and ferric *** between oxygen ... 详细信息

关键词： Handling iron in restorative neuroscience

Hydrogen——A sustainable energy carrier

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Progress in Natural Science:materials International 2017年第1期27卷 34-40页

作者： Kasper T.m?ller torben R.Jensen Etsuo Akiba Hai-wen Li Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (i NANO) and Department of Chemistry Aarhus University International Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Kyushu University WPI International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University Department of mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University

Hydrogen may play a key role in a future sustainable energy system as a carrier of renewable energy to replace hydrocarbons. This review describes the fundamental physical and chemical properties of hydrogen and basic theories of hydrogen sorption reactions, followed by the emphasis on state-of-the-art of the hydrogen storage properties of selected interstitial metallic hydrides and magnesium hydride, especially for stationary energy storage related utilizations. Finally, new perspectives for utilization of metal hydrides in other applications will be reviewed.

关键词： A sustainable energy carrier Hydrogen

Differential modulation of crown allometry and stem growth at gap edges in five European tree species by drought conditions

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 618-631页

作者： Luke Bohnhorst Peter Biber torben Hilmers Enno Uhl Hans Pretzsch Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany Bavarian State Institute of Forestry Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 185354FreisingGermany

Background In Central Europe,forests are increasingly affected by various disturbances,resulting in an increasing gap formation in the *** order to support goal-oriented management,more knowledge is required about the acclimation of the crown and its effects on the basal area growth of trees at the edge of a *** This work compared trees'growth and crown structure at the edge of a transient gap,with a gap size of more than 80m^(2),with trees in the stand that were at least 30m away from the gap.A total of 249 European beeches(Fagus sylvatica L.),Norway spruces(Picea abies ***),Scots pines(Pinus sylvestris L.),oaks(Quercus spp.;Quercus petraea(matt.)Liebl.,Quercus robur L.),and silver firs(Abies alba mill.)were examined on long-term experimental plots in southern *** crown measures were developed and calculated using high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning(TLiDAR)to capture the three-dimensional crown *** responses to edge conditions were measured based on tree *** linear mixed models,we predict the basal area increment of edge trees relative to trees in the stand under wet and dry soil moisture conditions after the gap *** We identified i)species-specific acclimation of the crown of edge trees after the gap formation,ii)under wet soil moisture conditions a growth increase of 25%–45%for beech,pine,and oak edge trees and growth losses of 5%–60%for spruce and fir and iii)coniferous tree species benefited from the edge position regarding their basal area increment under dry soil moisture conditions and deciduous tree species grew regardless of the soil moisture conditions at the edge of a *** Gaps have a species-specific effect on the habitus and growth of edge trees and can have both positive and negative impacts on silviculture.

关键词： Canopy gaps Disturbance Growth TLiDAR Drought stress Crown structure Acclimation

Two-Dimensional Transition metal Oxide and Chalcogenide-Based Photocatalysts

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Nano-micro Letters 2018年第2期10卷 40-66页

作者： Farjana Haque torben Daeneke Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh Jian Zhen Ou School of Engineering RMIT University

Two-dimensional(2D) transition metal oxide and chalcogenide(TmO&C)-based photocatalysts have recently attracted significant attention for addressing the current worldwide challenges of energy shortage and environmental pollution. The ultrahigh surface area and unconventional physiochemical, electronic and optical properties of 2D TmO&Cs have been demonstrated to facilitate photocatalytic applications. This review provides a concise overview of properties, synthesis methods and applications of 2D TmO&C-based photocatalysts. Particular attention is paid on the emerging strategies to improve the abilities of light harvesting and photoinduced charge separation for enhancing photocatalytic performances,which include elemental doping, surface functionalization as well as heterojunctions with semiconducting and conductive materials. The future opportunities regarding the research pathways of 2D TmO&C-based photocatalysts are also presented.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Pollutant degradation Water splitting Layered material Solar Carbon reduction

military trainees can accurately measure optic nerve sheath diameter after a brief training session

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military medical Research 2019年第3期6卷 183-188页

作者： Joseph Betcher torben KBecker Peter Stoyanoff Jim Cranford Nik Theyyunni Department of Emergency medicine Mercy Health Muskegon1500ESherman BlvdMuskegonMI49444USA Department of CriticalCare medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center200LothropStPittsburghPA15213USA Department of Emergency medicine Hurley Hospital1Hurley PlazaFlintMI48503USA Department ofPsychiatry University of Michigan1500E Medical CenterAnn ArborMI48109USA Department of Emergency medicine University ofMichigan1500E Medical CenterAnn ArborMI48109USA.

Background: Identification of elevated intracranial pressure is important following traumatic brain injury. We assessed the feasibility of educating military trainees on accurately obtaining optic nerve sheath diameter measurements using a brief didactic and hands-on training session. Optic nerve sheath diameter is a noninvasive surrogate marker for elevated intracranial pressure, and may be of value in remote military operations, where rapid triage decisions must be made without access to advanced medical ***: military trainees with minimal ultrasound experience were given a 5-min didactic presentation on optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasound. Trainees practiced optic nerve sheath diameter measurements guided by emergency physician ultrasound experts. Trainees then measured the optic nerve sheath diameter on normal volunteers. Following this, a trained physician measured the optic nerve sheath diameter on the same volunteer as a criterion standard. An average of three measurements was ***: Twenty-three military trainees were enrolled. A mixed design ANOVA was used to compare measurements by trainees to those of physicians, with a mean difference of –0.6 mm(P=0.76). A Bland-Altman analysis showed that the degree of bias in optic nerve sheath diameter measures provided by trainees was very small: d=–0.004 for the right eye and d=–0.007 for the left ***: This study demonstrates that optic nerve sheath diameter measurement can be accurately performed by novice ultrasonographers after a brief training session. If validated, point-of-care optic nerve sheath diameter measurement could impact the triage of injured patients in remote areas.

关键词： Ultrasound military Optic nerve sheath diameter Intracranial pressure Education

Incidental findings at mRI-enterography in patients with suspected or known Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第1期16卷 76-82页

作者： michael Dam Jensen torben Nathan Jens Kjeldsen Sφren Rafael Rafaelsen Department of Internal medicine Section of GastroenterologyVejle Hospital part of Lillebaelt Hospital Department of medical Gastroenterology Odense University Hospital Department of Radiology Vejle Hospital part of Lillebaelt Hospital

AIm:To determine the frequency and clinical impact of incidental findings detected with magnetic resonance imaging(mRI)-enterography in patients with suspected or known Crohn's disease(CD). mETHODS:Incidental findings were defined as unexpected lesions outside the small intestine,not previously known or suspected at the time of referral, and not related to inflammatory bowel *** a systematic review of medical charts we analyzed the clinical impact of incidental findings,and compared the mRI findings with subsequent diagnostic procedures. RESULTS:A total of 283 patients were included in the analysis,and mRI detected active CD in 31%,fistula in 1.4%and abscess in 0.7%.Extra-intestinal findings notrelated to CD were recorded in 72 patients(25%),of which 58 patients(20%)had 74 previously unknown *** or incompletely characterized findings were detected in 17 patients(6.0%).Incidental findings led to 12 further interventions in 9 patients(3.2%) revealing previously unknown pathological conditions in 5(1.8%).One patient(0.4%)underwent surgery and one patient was diagnosed with a malignant disease. mRI detected incidental colonic lesions in 16 patients of which additional work-up in 4 revealed normal anatomy. Two patients(0.7%)benefitted from the additional examinations,whereas incidental findings led to unnecessary examinations in 9(3.2%). CONCLUSION:In a minority of patients with suspected or known CD,important incidental findings are diagnosed at ***,a substantial number of patients experience unnecessary morbidity because of additional examinations of benign or normal conditions.

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging Incidental findings Crohn’s disease Small intestine