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Mapping mountain areas: learning from Global, European and Norwegian perspectives

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Journal of Mountain science 2019年第1期16卷 1-15页

作者： Martin F.PRICE tor ARNEsEN erik GL?ERsEN Marc J.METZGER Centre for Mountain studies Perth College University of the Highlands and Islands Mountain Research Programme Eastern Norway Research Institute spatial Foresight Territorial Policy Support and Research Research Institute of Geography and the Lived Environment School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh

Defining the spatial extent of mountain areas has long been a challenge. In the present century, the availability of digital elevation models(DEMs) incorporated into geographic information systems(GIs) has allowed the definition of mountain areas based on topographic and other criteria. This paper presents the various delineations of mountains that have been prepared at three scales – global, regional(Europe), and national – and explores the reasons and processes leading to these delineations, and how they have been used. A detailed case study is then presented for Norway. Overall, two types of approaches to mapping mountains have been taken: first, considering mountains per se, based on elevation and/or topography; second, considering them among other categories, e.g., landforms or biogeographical, environmental or landscape zones. All attempts to map mountain areas derive essentially from the objectives of those commissioning and/or undertaking the work; a unitary definition remains unlikely.

关键词： Mountains Mapping Geographic information systems Europe Norway Topography

Oxidative stress in N88s seipinopathy:novel insights into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and therapeutic avenues

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1719-1720页

作者： Vítor Costa Vitor Teixeira i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em saúde Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal Yeast signalling Networks IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal ICBAs Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal

Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous cellular orga nelles that perform functions mostly dedicated to energy homeostasis and lipid *** neutral lipid depots (triacylglycerol,sterol esters),they can be rapidly mobilized through lipase-mediated hydrolysis (lipolysis) or via lipophagy,a specific form of autophagy devoted to consumption of LDs inside the lysosome.

关键词： hydrolysis insight devoted

Hormonal Regulation of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 Gene Expression in Cultured Mouse sertoli Cells

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science China Chemistry 1993年第3期36卷 319-328页

作者：刘以训杜群胡召元 Ny tor Department of Endocrinology Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica Beijing 100080 PRC state Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica Beijing 100080 PRC Unit for Applied Cell and Molecular Biology Umea University S90187 Umea Sweden

We have demonstrated for the first time that (ⅰ) mouse sertoli cells predominantly secrete tPA under the action of FsH and cAMP-generating agents, whereas Leydig cells mainly produce uPA; (ⅱ) sertoli cells are also capable of secreting PAI-1, as well as FsH, growth factors and GnRH increase PAI-1 gene expression; (ⅲ) the increases in tPA and PAI-1 activities by different hormones in the conditioned media of sertoli cells correspond to the increases in the levels of tPA and PAI-1 mRNA in the cultured cells, suggesting that the synthesis of the activator-inhibitor in mouse sertoli cells is regulated at a transcriptional level and the tPA secreted by sertoli cells may be involved in the spermatogenesis.

关键词： sertoli cells tPA PAl-1 spermiation spermatogenesis.

CVaR-based stochastic wind-thermal generation coordination for Turkish electricity market

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2019年第5期7卷 1307-1318页

作者： Aycan AYDOGDU Osman Bulent tor Ali Nezih GUVEN Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey The Bucharest University of Economic studies BucharestRomania

Uncertainties in wind power forecasting,dayahead and imbalance prices for the next day possess a great deal of risks for the profit of generation companies participating in a day-ahead electricity *** companies are exposed to imbalance penalties in the balancing market for unordered mismatches between associated day-ahead power schedule and real-time *** of wind and thermal power plants alleviates the risks raised from wind *** paper proposes a novel optimal coordination strategy by balancing wind power forecasting deviations with thermal units in the Turkish day-ahead electricity *** main focus of this study is to provide an optimal trade-off between the expected profit and the risk under wind uncertainty through conditional value at risk(CVa R)*** problem is formulated as a two-stage mixed-integer stochastic programming problem,where scenario-based wind power approach is used to handle the stochasticity of the wind *** programming approach is utilized to attain the commitment status of thermal *** of the coordination with different day-ahead bidding strategies and trade-off between expected profit and CVa R are examined with comparative scenario studies.

关键词： Conditional value at risk(CVaR) Windthermal coordination Electricity market Wind power Thermal power

Diapause development in early and late emerging phenotypes of Delia floralis

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Insect science 2014年第1期21卷 103-113页

作者： tor J. Johansen Richard Meadow Arctic Agriculture and Land Use Division Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research Tromsm plant Health and Plant Protection Division Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research As Norway

The turnip fly, Delia floralis Fall6n （Diptera： Anthomyiidae） is an important insect pest of brassica vegetable crops in the holarctic region. Different populations have strongly varying temperature requirements for fly emergence, a challenge for accurate prediction of activity. This study focused on diapause development in one early and one late emerging phenotype. The physiological state after various treatments was deduced from emergence data. Our results showed a slow diapause progression at chilling conditions for both populations and diapause ended about 7 months after pupae were formed for the early population. For the late population held at 4℃ diapause did not end, no matter how long the duration of chilling. These pupae required a period with elevated temperatures above 6~C to continue development. At constant non-chilling conditions （18℃） from the time pupae were formed both populations completed diapause most rapidly. These results indicate that chilling delayed, rather than accelerated development and was not a prerequisite for diapause development. For post-diapause, results indicated a linear relationship between rate of development and temperature within the range of 6-18℃and a theoretical base temperature for development of about 2℃ for both populations. In conclusion, D. floralis pupae are in diapause throughout a long winter period, and delayed emergence of the late population appears to be caused by prolonged diapause regulated by a developmental temperature threshold. The study has added information on the biology of turnip fly populations, a prerequisite for improved pest control.

关键词： brassica chilling emergence hibernation quiescence

Possible role of power-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid asstorages and flexible loads in the German 110 kV distributiongrid

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第2期11卷 146-154页

作者： erik BLAsIUs Department for Energy Distribution and High Voltage Engineering Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senflenberg 03046Cottbus Germany

The sectoral coupling of road traffic (in form of E-Mobility) and electrical energy supply (known as power-to-vehicle (P2V), vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is discussed as one of the possible development concepts for the flexible system integration of renewable energy sources (REs) and the support of the objectives of the German energy transition (aka. Energiewende). It is obvious that E-mobility, which shall produce as few emissions as possible, should be based on the exclusive use of renewable energies. At the same time, the E-mobility can help to reduce the negative effects of the grid integration of REs to the distribution grids. However, this assumes that the electric vehicles are smart integrated to the grids where they charge, meaning that they must be able to communicate and be controllable. Because per se unplanned and uncontrollable charging processes are harmful for the grid operation, especially if they occur frequently and unexpected in similar time periods, the effects can hardly be controlled and can lead to serious technical problems in practical grid operation. This paper provides an insight into the current development of E-mobility in Germany. The insight will be matched with the German development of the REs. By the combination of both sectors, the possible role of the E-mobility for the distribution grid will be depicted, which can have positive and negative aspects.

关键词： P2V V2G grid integration electric vehicles distribution grid

Optimization of Electrical Conductivity of sA-graphene Nanocomposites Using Response surface Methodology

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2022年第2期38卷 596-602页

作者： HakanŞAHAL Gülben torĞUT Erdal CANPOLAT Vocational school of Tunceli Department of Food ProcessingMunzur UniversityTunceli 62000Turkey Vocational school of Tunceli Department of Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesMunzur UniversityTunceli 62000Turkey Department of Elementary science Education Faculty of EducationFirat UniversityElazig 23119Turkey

synthesis and characterization of 4-{(E)-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-N-carbamimidoylbenzene-1-sulfonamide(sA) and its composites with graphene(sA-GF) were performed. Compound sA and sA-GF were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The GF dispersion in the composites was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(sEM) for morphology. Thermal properties of sA and nanocomposites were investigated using differential thermal analysis(DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The optimum electrical conductivity of the new sulfonamide-based schiff base was determined to be 1.78×10–5 s/cm at a frequency of 9923 Hz, an applied voltage of –19 V, a mass fraction of 9.38% for graphene loading using a central composite design in the response surface methodology. The significance of the selected parameters(frequency, voltage and GF amount) in the model was determined by the analysis of variance(ANOVA). The results showed that frequency and graphene loading represent important model terms and have considerable effects on the conductivity of sA.

关键词： schiff base sulfonamide Graphene Conductivity Nanocomposite

Real-time performance of DAE and ODE based estimators evaluated on a diesel engine

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science China(Information sciences) 2018年第7期61卷 27-39页

作者： erik H?CKERDAL erik FRIsK Lars erikssON scania CV AB Vehicular systems Link?ping University

Computation and sampling time requirements for real-time implementation of observers is studied. A common procedure for state estimation and observer design is to have a system model in continuous time that is converted to sampled time with Euler forward method and then the observer is designed and implemented in sampled time in the real time system. When considering state estimation in real time control systems for production there are often limited computational resources. This becomes especially apparent when designing observers for stiff systems since the discretized implementation requires small step lengths to ensure stability. One way to reduce the computational burden, is to reduce the model stiffness by approximating the fast dynamics with instantaneous relations, transforming an ordinary differential equations(ODE)model into a differential algebraic equation(DAE) model. Performance and sampling frequency limitations for extended Kalman filter(EKF)'s based on both the original ODE model and the reduced DAE model are here analyzed and compared for an industrial system. Furthermore, the effect of using backward Euler instead of forward Euler when discretizing the continuous time model is also analyzed. The ideas are evaluated using measurement data from a diesel engine. The engine is equipped with throttle, exhaust gas recirculation(EGR), and variable geometry turbines(VGT) and the stiff model dynamics arise as a consequence of the throttle between two control volumes in the air intake system. The process of simplifying and modifying the stiff ODE model to a DAE model is also discussed. The analysis of the computational effort shows that even though the ODE, for each time-update, is less computationally demanding than the resulting DAE, an EKF based on the DAE model achieves better estimation performance than one based on the ODE with less computational effort. The main gain with the DAE based EKF is that it allows increased step lengths without degrading the

关键词： estimation learning DAE ODE EKF observability real-time

Trajectories of response in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A one-year prospective cohort study of antipsychotic effectiveness

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第3期12卷 521-532页

作者： Petros Drosos erik Johnsen Christoffer Andreas Bartz-Johannessen tor Ketil Larsen solveig Klæbo Reitan Maria Rettenbacher Rune Andreas Kroken TIPs-Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis Clinic For Adult Mental HealthStavanger University HospitalStavanger 4011Norway NORMENT Division of PsychiatryHaukeland University HospitalBergen 5036Norway Department of Clinical Medicine University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Institute for Mental Health St Olav's University HospitalTrondheim 7030Norwa Department of Mental Health Norwegian University of Natural Science and TechnologyTrondheim 7491Norway Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria

BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs remain the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment;however,their effectiveness has been questioned,and it is not possible to predict the response to a specific antipsychotic drug in an individual ***,it is important to compare the effectiveness of the various antipsychotics and search for possible response *** To investigate the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs,we examined response trajectories and predictors for belonging to different trajectory *** The Bergen-stavanger-Innsbruck-Trondheim(Best InTro)trial compared the effectiveness of three atypical antipsychotics-amisulpride,aripiprazole,and olanzapine-in a prospective,semirandomized,rater-blind,head-to-head *** participants with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnosis,according to international classification of diseases,Tenth Revision(ICD-10)F20–29,were *** were followed for a period of 12 mo,with assessments at baseline;after one,three and six weeks;and after three,six,nine and 12 mo.A latent class mixed model was fitted to our *** three-trajectory model based on the Positive and Negative syndrome scale(PANss)total score reduction was found to have adequate fit,and the study drugs,as well as various demographic and clinical parameters,were tested as predictors for belonging to the different trajectory *** Overall,144 participants were included,and 41%completed the 12-mo study *** largest trajectory group,consisting of 74%of participants,showed a PANss total score reduction of 59%from baseline to 12 mo(Good response group).A trajectory group comprising 13%of participants had their PANss total score reduced by 82.5%at 12 mo(strong response group),while the last response trajectory group comprising 13%of the participants had a PANss total score reduction of 13.6%(slight response group).The largest part of the total reduction for the Good and strong response groups occurred at six weeks of treatment,

关键词： schizophrenia Response Trajectories Treatment Antipsychotic drugs