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Cultivars and oil extraction techniques affect Cd/Pb contents and health risks in oil of rapeseed grown on Cd/Pb-contaminated farmland

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第7期17卷 119-131页

作者： Junmei Guo Yuexing Wei Junxing Yang tongbin chen Guodi Zheng Tianwei Qian Xiaona Liu Xiaofei Meng Mengke He College of Environmental Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyJinzhong 030600China Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Substitute planting with rapeseed offers promise for safely using large areas of Cd/Pb-contaminated farmland.Cd/Pb distributions during rapeseed oil production were investigated and health risks posed by the oil were assessed.Tests were performed using three cultivars(Brassica rapa SYH and ZS100 and Brassica napus QY-1)and four oil extraction techniques(mechanical and low-temperature pressing and n-hexane and subcritical low-temperature butane extraction).The amounts of Cd and Pb in oil were 0.73%-8.44%and 3.14%-11.76%,respectively,of the amounts in rapeseed and were strongly affected by the cultivar and oil extraction technique.The heavy metal(HM)concentrations were lower in solvent-extracted oil(particularly subcritical low-temperature butane extracted oil,in which HMs were not detected)than mechanically pressed oil.The Cd and Pb transfer indices were lower(meaning larger proportions of HMs were retained by the rapeseed meal)for B.rapa than B.napus.This was attributed to a high HM binding protein content of B.rapa seed.Health risks to humans were assessed using a probabilistic risk assessment model.The carcinogenic risk was mainly(97.1%-99.9%)caused by Cd and poses more concern than non-carcinogenic risk.Stronger health risks are posed by mechanically pressed than solvent-extracted oil,and higher carcinogenic risks are posed to people living in rural areas than urban areas.Substitute planting with B.rapa and extracting oil with organic solvent(preferably subcritical low-temperature butane)are optimal for safely utilizing Cd/Pb-contaminated soil.Attention should be paid to the health risks posed by Cd in oil to rural populations.

关键词： Rapeseed oil Oil extraction technologies Human health risk assessment Cd/Pb-contaminated farmland Substitute planting

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The rescue, conservation, and restoration of heritase sites in the ethnic minority areas ravased by the Wenchuan earthquake

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2012年第1期1卷 77-85页

作者： tongbin chen Institute of Architectural History Chine Architecture Design Research GroupBeijing 100120China

Stockaded villages of the Qiang nationality that are made up of watchtowers and watch-houses are an important part of its cultural heritage. The earliest documentary records of its blockhouse-styled construction can be found in Biography of the Ethnic Minority Groups in Southwest China of History of Eastern Hart. In 2006, watchtowers and stockaded villages of the Qiang nationality was placed in the preparatory declaration list of world cultural heritage .in China and became a minority architectural heritage that is of potential value for world cultural heritage. The Wenchuan earthquake, which happened on May 12th, 2008, caused severe damage to settlements of the Qiangs in the upper reaches of Min River, including the ＂Tangping Qiang village,＂ which plays a prominent role in Qiang stockaded villages. In conserving this important architectural heritage, we observe the idea ＂everything for heritage value＂. We discuss and draw up a series of salvage conservation countermeasures and research for antiseimatic key technology during post-earthquake reconstruction period of Tibetan and Qiang settlement engineering projects, including six engineering principles on priority of structure rescue, heritage vatue, former address maintenance, traditional way of use, protection against and mitigation of earthquake disasters, and spot cleaning and separating. We draw up three rules in engineering strategy, namely：（1） we should follow ultimate orientation of heritage value protection in rescue, maintenance, and protection engineering; （2） degrees of priority of engineering measures should be differentiated according to the situation of the disaster and residential situations of stockaded villages and; （3） we should keeplocal smiths and conventional art as the base, and modern technology as a supplement in rescue, maintenance, and protection engineering.

关键词： Stockaded village ofthe Qiang nationality Heritage value Earthquake hazardrescue Protectionengineerin~

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Review on remediation technologies for arseniccontaminated soil

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 41-54页

作者： Xiaoming Wan Mei Lei tongbin chen Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Arsenic(As)is a top human carcinogen widely distributed in the environment.As-contaminated soil exists worldwide and poses a threat on human health through water/food consumption,inhalation,or skin contact.More than 200 million people are exposed to excessive As concentration through direct or indirect exposure to contaminated soil.Therefore,affordable and efficient technologies that control risks caused by excess As in soil must be developed.The presently available methods can be classified as chemical,physical,and biological.Combined utilization of multiple technologies is also common to improve remediation efficiency.This review presents the research progress on different remediation technologies for As-contaminated soil.For chemical methods,common soil washing or immobilization agents were summarized.Physical technologies were mainly discussed from the field scale.Phytoextraction,the most widely used technology for As-contaminated soil in China,was the main focus for bioremediation.Method development for evaluating soil remediation efficiency was also summarized.Further research directions were proposed based on literature analysis.

关键词： Arsenic,field-scale Immobilization Phytoextraction Soil washing

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Application of sewage sludge and intermittent aeration strategy to the bioremediation of DDT- and HCH-contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第8期26卷 1673-1680页

作者： Qi Liang Mei Lei tongbin chen Jun Yang Xiaoming Wan Sucai Yang Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Adding organic amendments to stimulate the biodegradation of pesticides is a subject of ongoing interest. The effect of sewage sludge on the bioremediation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane（DDT） and hexachlorocyclohexane（HCH） contaminated soil was investigated in bench scale experiments,and intermittent aeration strategy was also used in this study to form an anaerobic–aerobic cycle. Bioremediation of DDT and HCH was enhanced with the addition of sewage sludge and the intermittent aeration. The removal rates of HCH and DDT were raised by 16.8%–80.8% in 10 days. Sewage sludge increased the organic carbon content from 6.2 to218 g/kg,and it could also introduce efficient degradation microbes to soil,including Pseudomonas sp.,Bacillus sp. and Sphingomonas sp. The unaerated phase enhanced the anaerobic dechlorination of DDT and HCH,and anaerobic removal rates of β-HCH,o,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDT accounted for more than 50% of the total removal rates,but the content of α-HCH declined more in the aerobic phase.

关键词： Bioremediation,Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane（DDT）,Hexachlorocyclohexane（HCH）,Sewage sludge,Aeration strategy

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Biodegradation of triclosan and triclocarban in sewage sludge during composting under three ventilation strategies

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 137-146页

作者： Bao Yu Guodi Zheng Xuedong Wang Min Wang tongbin chen Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China

Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to humans and animals. In this research, the biodegradation of TCS and TCC was investigated during sewage sludge composting with ventilation rates of 10& 92, and 79 m^3/min. TCS and TCC were mainly biodegraded in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, and the biodegradation rates improved with an increase in ventilation. After sewage sludge was composted for 16 days with forced ventilation (108 m^3/min), the concentration of TCS decreased from 497.4 to 214.5 μg/kg, and the concentration of TCC decreased from 823.2 to 172.7 μg/kg. The biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were 65.2% and 83.1%, respectively. However, after the sewage sludge was stacked for 16 days, the biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were only 17.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The environmental risks of TCS and TCC in the sewage sludge piles significantly decreased after composting. In the sludge pile with a ventilation rate of 108 m/min, the RQ values of TCS and TCC decreased from 8.29 and 20.58 to 3.58 and 4.32 after composting for 16 days, respectively. There is still a high risk if the sludge compost is directly used as a culture substrate. Nevertheless, the environmental risk could be decreased distinctly if a reasonable quantity of sludge compost is applied to land to ensure an RQ of< 1 for TCS and TCC.

关键词： Sewage sludge Compost Triclosan Triclocarban Ventilation Risk assessment

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Concentration and speciation of arsenic in an insect feeding on the leaves of Pteris vittata

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Soil Ecology Letters 2021年第3期3卷 279-287页

作者： Xiaoming Wan Mei Lei tongbin chen Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100089China

The development of an effective and green bioinsecticide is a research hotspot.This study demonstrated the possibility of using an arsenic(As)hyperaccumulator as a bioinsecticide.When the As concentration in the Pteris vittata fronds exceeded 138 mg kg^(–1),the larva of the hawk moth(Theretra clotho)displayed apparent preference to lower-As-concentration P.vittata fronds.The As concentration in the larva body was as high as 850 mg kg^(–1).Such high concentration of As in the larva body might have been the case that T.clotho lacks a process to exclude As.The larval frass showed an As concentration of only 1%–4%of that in the larva body.The predominant As species in the larva body and frass was As(III)-SH.The percentage of As(III)-SH was slightly higher in the frass than that in the larval body.Chelation with thiols may be a universal detoxification mechanism for As in both plants and insects.In general,the adoption of P.vittata as a bioinsecticide should be feasible.However,the exact processes to achieve this goal still need further study.The mechanism of different animals to detoxify As is another interesting research topic.

关键词： Arsenic speciation Bioinsecticide Hawk moth Herbivore Hyperaccumulator

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Effect of phosphorus on arsenic accumulation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. and its implication

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第22期47卷 1876-1879页

作者： tongbin chen Zhilian Fan Mei Lei Zechun Huang Chaoyang Wei Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Lab Environm Remediat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Pot experiment was conducted to understand the effect of phosphorus on arsenic accumulation in As-hyperaccumulator Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.). It is shown that arsenic concentrations in the fronds and rhizoids, the arsenic bioaccumulation factor, and the total arsenic in the fronds were not influenced significantly under low levels of phosphorus (≤400 mg/kg) and increased sharply under high levels of phosphorus (>400 mg/ kg). The discovery implies that the efficiency of arsenic removal in phytoremedia-tion using the hyperaccumulating plant can be greatly elevated by the phosphorus addition at high rates. The interaction between the accumulation of phosphorus and that of arsenic in plant was stimulated mutually. The result represents that Chinese brake is a good material for plant physiologist to conduct comparative and mechanism studies on the uptake behaviors of phosphorus and arsenic, and phosphorus is also a potential accelerator for phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils.

关键词： Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.) hyperaccumulator arsenic phosphorus accumulation.

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Current status and developing trends of the contents of heavy metals in sewage sludges in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第5期8卷 719-728页

作者： Jun YANG Mei LEI tongbin chen Ding GAO Guodi ZHENG Guanghui GUO Duujong LEE Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Department of Chemical Engineering Taiwan University Taipei 106 China

It is essential to determine the heavy metal concentrations in sewage sludge to select appropriate disposal methods. We conducted a national survey of heavy metal concentrations of sewage sludge samples from 107 municipal sewage treatment plants located in 48 cities covering the 31 provinces and autonomous regions, as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2006, and identified the temporal trends of heavy metal contents in sewage sludge by comparison with surveys conducted in 1994-2001. In 2006, the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sewage sludge were 20.2, 1.97, 93.1, 218.8, 2.13, 48.7, 72.3, and 1058mg.kg-1, respectively. Because of the decreased discharge of heavy metals into industrial wastewater in China and the increasingly stringent regulations governing the content of industrial wastes entering sewers, the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn have decreased by 32.3%, 49.7%, 54.9%, 25.0%, 37.2%, 44.8%, and 27.0%, respectively, during the past 12 years. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the samples exceeded the heavy metal limits of the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in China （GB 18918-2002） by 6.5%, 3.7%, 6.5%, 6.5%, and 11.2%, respectively. From these results, 85 of the 107 municipal sludges analyzed would be considered suitable for land application.

关键词： sewage sludge heavy metals temporal variation national survey environmental policies

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Arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris Vittata L. and its arsenic accumulation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第11期47卷 902-905页

作者： tongbin chen Chaoyang Wei Zechun Huang Qifei Huang Quanguo Lu Zilian Fan Chinese Acad Sci Dept Environm Remediat Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

An arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. (Chinese brake) was first discovered in China by means of field survey and greenhouse cultivation. Field survey showed that Chinese brake had large accumulating capacity to arsenic; the orders of arsenic content in different parts of the fern were as follows: leaves>leafstalks>roots, which is totally different from that of ordinary plants; bioaccumulation coefficients of the above ground parts of the fern decreased as a power function of soil arsenic contents. In the control of pot trials with normal unpolluted soil containing 9mg/kg of arsenic, the bioaccumulation coefficients of the above ground parts and rhizoids of Chinese brake were as high as 71 and 80 respectively. Greenhouse cultivation in the contaminated soil from mining areas has shown that more than 1 times greater arsenic can be accumulated in the leaves of the fern than that of field samples with the largest content of 5070 mg/kg As on a dry matter basis. During greenhouse cultivation, arsenic

关键词： hyperaccumlator Chinese brake arsenic bioaccumu-lation coefficients.

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Identifying factors that influence soil heavy metals by using categorical regression analysis:A case study in Beijing,China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 1-14页

作者： Jun Yang Jingyun Wang Pengwei Qiao Yuanming Zheng Junxing Yang tongbin chen Mei Lei Xiaoming Wan Xiaoyong Zhou Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light IndustryBeijing 100048China

Identifying the factors that influence the heavy metal contents of soil could reveal the sources of soil heavy metal pollution.In this study,a categorical regression was used to identify the factors that influence soil heavy metals.First,environmental factors were associated with soil heavy metal data,and then,the degree of influence of different factors on the soil heavy metal contents in Beijing was analyzed using a categorical regression.The results showed that the soil parent material,soil type,land use type,and industrial activity were the main influencing factors,which suggested that these four factors were important sources of soil heavy metals in Beijing.In addition,population density had a certain influence on the soil Pb and Zn contents.The distribution of soil As,Cd,Pb,and Zn was markedly influenced by interactions,such as traffic activity and land use type,industrial activity and population density.The spatial distribution of soil heavy metal hotspots corresponded well with the influencing factors,such as industrial activity,population density,and soil parent material.In this study,the main factors affecting soil heavy metals were identified,and the degree of their influence was ranked.A categorical regression represents a suitable method for identifying the factors that influence soil heavy metal contents and could be used to study the genetic process of regional soil heavy metal pollution.

关键词： Soil Heavy metal Influencing factor Categorical regression Identification method

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