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On the Impairment of Stress-Induced Changes in Triglyceride Levels via a Sub-Toxic Dose of Unmethylated Cytidine Phosphate Guanosine Oligodinucleotide (a Toll-Like Receptor 9 Ligand)

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第9期12卷 95-112页

作者： Reiko seki Kazuhisa Nishizawa School of Medical Technology Teikyo University Tokyo Japan Biomolecular Logic Research Laboratory Tokyo Japan Kamiikedai Laboratory Tokyo Japan

Changes in lipid metabolism have been implicated in protection against infectious diseases. In the first experiment of this study, we measured clinical lipid parameters in a murine model where the unmethylated cytidine phosphate guanosine (CpG) oligodinucleotide (ODN1826), a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist was administered in combination with D-galactosamine (GalN) that caused relatively liver-specific inflammation and toxicity. In the control mice group injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (acute psychological stress model associated with blood sampling), the serum triglyceride (TG) levels showed a rapid decrease followed by a rebound at 24 h as we have recently reported. However, such a TG rebound was impaired in the CpG/GalN- and solely CpG-treated groups of mice despite an absence of liver injury based on serum alanine aminotransferase levels in the latter group. Thus, the stress-associated serum TG rebound was abrogated by the injection of a sub-hepatotoxic CpG dose. In the second experiment, we simply measured the hepatic CD36 and SACRB1 (the gene for scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1)) transcripts after the i.p. administration of PBS, CpG or CpG/GalN. There was a remarkable elevation of hepatic CD36 transcript expression in both the CpG- and CpG/GalN-treated mice at 8 h post-CpG injection whereas the increase in the PBS-treated mice was slower than the former two groups, suggesting that hepatic CD36 transcript expression is more pronounced in the combined stress models than under psychological stress alone. The individual mice data showed that the increase in CD36 expression was accompanied by a reduction in SCARB1 mRNA, showing reciprocal regulation between these two genes. Together with our previously reported findings, these data suggest that, in a murine model combining psychological stress with TLR-triggered hepatic inflammation, the psychological stress facilitates liver uptake of plasma TG (and its components fatty acids), but the subsequent re

关键词： Toll-Like Receptor 9 Cytidine Phosphate Guanosine Oligodinucleotide Scavenger Receptor B1 Triglyceride Hepatic Inflammation

In-Situ Observation of SiC Bulk Single Crystal Growth by XRD System

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第Z1期24卷 49-53页

作者： tomohisa Kato National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan

In-situ analysis for SiC bulk single crystal growth was reported using vertical X-ray diffractometer system. A furnace for SiC sublimation growth combined with the XRD system which possessed three kinds of functions including topography, rocking curve measurement and crystal growth rate monitoring was developed. These functions could contribute as a powerful tool finding the optimum growth condition by dynamic observation in the crucible. In this study, the in-situ X-ray topographs succeeded to capture dynamic elongation of defects and dislocation generated in the SiC growing crystals. The in-situ rocking curve measurement reviled appearance of mosaic structure in the SiC crystal grown with high growth rate. The in-situ growth rate monitoring also succeeded very precisely using the direct X-ray beam absorption. On the base of findings and facts obtained by the in-situ observations, the importance for the SiC growth was discussed.

关键词： Defect Growth from vapor Semiconducting materials Single crystal growth X-ray diffraction X-ray topography

Current perspectives of viral hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2402-2417页

作者： Daisuke Usuda Yuki Kaneoka Rikuo Ono Masashi Kato Yuto Sugawara Runa Shimizu Tomotari Inami Eri Nakajima Shiho Tsuge Riki Sakurai Kenji Kawai Shun Matsubara Risa Tanaka Makoto Suzuki Shintaro Shimozawa Yuta Hotchi Ippei Osugi Risa Katou Sakurako Ito Kentaro Mishima Akihiko Kondo Keiko Mizuno Hiroki Takami Takayuki Komatsu tomohisa Nomura Manabu Sugita Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima 177-8521TokyoJapan Department of Sports Medicine Faculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityBunkyo 113-8421TokyoJapan

Viral hepatitis represents a major danger to public health,and is a globally leading cause of *** five liver-specific viruses:Hepatitis A virus,hepatitis B virus,hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus,each have their own unique epidemiology,structural biology,transmission,endemic patterns,risk of liver complications,and response to antiviral *** remain few options for treatment,in spite of the increasing prevalence of viral-hepatitiscaused liver ***,chronic viral hepatitis is a leading worldwide cause of both liver-related morbidity and mortality,even though effective treatments are available that could reduce or prevent most patients’*** 2016,the World Health Organization released its plan to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by the year 2030,along with a discussion of current gaps and prospects for both regional and global eradication of viral ***,treatment is sufficiently able to prevent the disease from reaching advanced ***,future therapies must be extremely safe,and should ideally limit the period of treatment necessary.A better understanding of pathogenesis will prove beneficial in the development of potential treatment strategies targeting infections by viral *** review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on each type of viral hepatitis,together with major innovations.

关键词： Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis D virus Hepatitis E virus Current perspectives

Hepatitis C virus G1b infection decreases the number of small low-density lipoprotein particles

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第29期22卷 6716-6725页

作者： Chika Kinoshita tomohisa Nagano Nobuyoshi seki Yoichi Tomita Tomonori Sugita Yuta Aida Munenori Itagaki Kenichi Satoh Satoshi Sutoh Hiroshi Abe Akihito Tsubota Yoshio Aizawa Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine of Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center Tokyo 125-8506 Japan Core Research Facilities for Basic Science Research Center for Medical Science Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo 105-8461 Japan

AIM: To investigate how hepatitis C virus (HCV) G1b infection influences the particle number of ***: The numbers of lipoprotein particles in fasting sera from 173 Japanese subjects, 82 with active HCV G1b infection (active HCV group) and 91 with cleared HCV infection (SVR group), were examined. Serum lipoprotein was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography into twenty fractions. The cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in each fraction were measured using LipoSEARCH. The number of lipoprotein particles in each fraction was calculated using a newly developed algorithm, and the relationship between chronic HCV G1b infection and the lipoprotein particle number was determined by multiple linear regression ***: The median number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles was significantly lower in the active HCV group [1182 nmol/L, interquartile range (IQR): 444 nmol/L] than in the SVR group (1363 nmol/L, IQR: 472 nmol/L, P < 0.001), as was that of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles (14168 nmol/L vs 15054 nmol/L, IQR: 4114 nmol/L vs 3385 nmol/L, P = 0.042). The number of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles was similar between the two groups. Among the four LDL sub-fractions, the number of large LDL particles was similar between the two groups. However, the numbers of medium (median: 533.0 nmol/L, IQR: 214.7 nmol/L vs median: 633.5 nmol/L, IQR: 229.6 nmol/L, P < 0.001), small (median: 190.9 nmol/L, IQR: 152.4 nmol/L vs median: 263.2 nmol/L, IQR: 159.9 nmol/L; P < 0.001), and very small LDL particles (median: 103.5 nmol/L, IQR: 66.8 nmol/L vs median: 139.3 nmol/L, IQR: 67.3 nmol/L, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the active HCV group than in the SVR group, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated an association between HCV G1b infection and the decreased numbers of medium, small, and very small LDL particles. However, active HCV infection did not aff

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C Lipoprotein particles Low-density lipoproteins Very low-density lipoproteins Triglycerides Cholesterol Regression analysis

Effects of metronomic sounds on a self-paced tapping task in budgerigars and humans

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 121-128页

作者： Yoshimasa seki Kenta Tomyta Department of Psychology Aichi University Machihatacho Toyohashi Aichi Japan

The origin of rhythmic synchronization or entrainment to a musical beat in animals has been widely discussed. Parrots are suitable animals to exami ne the relati on ship betwee n the capability of vocal learning and spontaneous rhythmic synchronization. In this study, budgerigars Melopsittacus undulatus learned to tap (peck) 2 keys alternately at a self-paced rate. Then, the metronomic sounds were played in the background during test sessions while the birds were performing the key pecking task, although they were not required to synchronize tap timing with the metronome. We found modest but significant effects of the metronome rhythms on the tap timing in some subjects. We also tested humans Homo sapiens using almost the same method. In contrast to the birds, a number of huma n subjects synchr on ized tap timing to the on set of the metronome without verbal or documented instructions. However, we failed to find an effect of the metronome on self-paced tap timing in some human subjects, although they were capable of rhythmic synchronization. This is the first report describing the effects of metronomic sounds on self-paced tapping in nonhuman vocal learners. This study introduces a new method that can be used in future research comparing birds that differ in vocal learning capacities, social structure, age, sex, hormonal status, and so on as part of exami nations of the evolutionary foun dati ons of beat processing.

关键词： opera nt con ditioning parrots rhythm synchronization vocal learning

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and lipoprotein metabolism

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第36期21卷 10299-10313页

作者： Yoshio Aizawa Nobuyoshi seki tomohisa Nagano Hiroshi Abe Department of Internal Medicine The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a hepatotrophic virus and a major cause of chronic liver disease,including hepatocellular carcinoma,worldwide. The life cycle of HCV is closely associated with the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. The main function of lipoproteins is transporting lipids throughout the body. Triglycerides,free cholesterol,cholesteryl esters,and phospholipids are the major components of the transported lipids. The pathway of HCV assembly and secretion is closely linked to lipoprotein production and secretion,and the infectivity of HCV particles largely depends on the interaction of lipoproteins. Moreover,HCV entry into hepatocytes is strongly influenced by lipoproteins. The key lipoprotein molecules mediating these interactions are apolipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are amphipathic proteins on the surface of a lipoprotein particle,which help stabilize lipoprotein structure. They perform a key role in lipoprotein metabolism by serving as receptor ligands,enzyme co-factors,and lipid transport carriers. Understanding the association between the life cycle of HCV and lipoprotein metabolism is important because each step of the life cycle of HCV that is associated with lipoprotein metabolism is a potential target for anti-HCV therapy. In this article,we first concisely review the nature of lipoprotein and its metabolism to better understand the complicated interaction of HCV with lipoprotein. Then,we review the outline of the processes of HCV assembly,secretion,and entry into hepatocytes,focusing on the association with lipoproteins. Finally,we discuss the clinical aspects of disturbed lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and the significance of dyslipoproteinemia in chronic HCV infection with regard to abnormal apolipoproteins.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Apolipoprotein Lipo-viral partic

High level of serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein inactive hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第5期8卷 291-300页

作者： Kenichi Satoh tomohisa Nagano Nobuyoshi seki Yoichi Tomita Yuta Aida Tomonori Sugita Munenori Itagaki Satoshi Sutoh Hiroshi Abe Yoshio Aizawa Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine of Jikei University Katsushika Medical CenterKatsushikakuTokyo 125-8506Japan

AIM: To determine the significance of cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP) in lipoprotein abnormalities in chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) ***: We evaluated the significance of the serum concentration of CETP in 110 Japanese patients with chronic HCV infection. Fifty-five patients had active HCV infection, and HCV eradication had been achieved in 55. The role of CETP in serum lipoprotein abnormalities, specifically, in triglyceride(TG) concentrations in the four major classes of lipoproteins, was investigated using Pearson correlations in conjunction with multiple regression analysis and compared them between those with active HCV infection and those in whom eradication had been achieved. RESULTS: The serum CETP levels of patients with active HCV infection were significantly higher than those of patients in whom HCV eradication was achieved(mean ± SD, 2.84 ± 0.69 μg/m L vs 2.40 ± 1.00 μg/m L, P = 0.008). In multiple regression analysis, HCV infection status(active or eradicated) was an independent factor significantly associated with the serum CETP level. TG concentrations in low-density lipoprotein(mean ± SD, 36.25 ± 15.28 μg/m L vs 28.14 ± 9.94 μg/m L, P = 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)(mean ± SD, 25.9 ± 7.34 μg/m L vs 17.17 ± 4.82 μg/m L, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in patientswith active HCV infection than in those in whom HCV eradication was achieved. The CETP level was strongly correlated with HDL-TG in patients with active HCV infection(R = 0.557, P < 0.001), whereas CETP was not correlated with HDL-TG in patients in whom HCV eradication was achieved(R =-0.079, P = 0.56). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that CETP plays a role in abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism in patients with chronic HCV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Cholesteryl ester transferprotein High-density lipoprotein triglyceride Casecontrol study Lipoprotein metabolism

WWW Business Applications Based on the Cellular Model

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第2期23卷 176-187页

作者： Toshio Kodama Tosivasu L.Kunii Yoichi seki Venture Business Department Maeda Corporation2-10-26 FujimiChiyoda-kuTokyo 102-0071Japan Morpho Inc.The University of TokyoEntrepreneur Plaza 5F 7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033Japan Software Consultant 3-8-2 SakaemachiHino CityTokyo 191-0001Japan

A cellular model based on the Incrementally Modular Abstraction Hierarchy （IMAH） is a novel model that can represent the architecture of and changes in cyberworlds, preserving invariants from a general level to a specific one. We have developed a data processing system called the Cellular Data System （CDS）. In the development of business applications, you can prevent combinatorial explosion in the process of business design and testing by using CDS. In this paper, we have first designed and implemented wide-use algebra on the presentation level. Next, we have developed and verified the effectiveness of two general business applications using CDS： 1） a customer information management system, and 2） an estimate system.

关键词： cyberworlds incrementally modular abstraction hierarchy formula expression topological space adjunction space cellular space presentation level

Reachability of Patterned Conditional Pushdown Systems

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2020年第6期35卷 1295-1311页

作者： Xin Li Patrick Gardy Yu-Xin Deng Hiroyuki seki Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Graduate School of Informatics Nagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601Japan

Conditional pushdown systems (CPDSs) extend pushdown systems by associating each transition rule with a regular language over the stack alphabet. The goal is to model program verification problems that need to examine the run-time call stack of programs. Examples include security property checking of programs with stack inspection, compatibility checking of HTML5 parser specifications, etc. Esparza et al. proved that the reachability problem of CPDSs is EXPTIME-complete, which prevents the existence of an algorithm tractable for all instances in general. Driven by the practical applications of CPDSs, we study the reachability of patterned CPDS (pCPDS) that is a practically important subclass of CPDS, in which each transition rule carries a regular expression obeying certain patterns. First, we present new satura-tion algorithms for solving state and configuration reachability of pCPDSs. The algorithms exhibit the exponential-time complexity in the size of atomic patterns in the worst case. Next, we show that the reachability of pCPDSs carrying sim-ple patterns is solvable in fixed-parameter polynomial time and space. This answers the question on whether there exist tractable reachability analysis algorithms of CPDSs tailored for those practical instances that admit efficient solutions such as stack inspection without exception handling. We have evaluated the proposed approach, and our experiments show that the pattern-driven algorithm steadily scales on pCPDSs with simple patterns.

关键词： conditional pushdown system pattern reachability saturation algorithm