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Revisiting cerebral endothelial cells in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2911-2912页

作者： Amira s.Hanafy Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital BonnBonnGermany

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slow and progressive decline of cognitive and memory *** only approximately 5%of the cases,AD is familial,as often predisposed by genetic mutations(Hoogmartens et al.,2021),while sporadic AD accounts for approximately 95%of the *** amyloid cascade hypothesis is one of the fundamental hypotheses put out to explain AD pathogenesis as dysregulated homeostasis of amyloid-β(Aβ)peptides that leads to the accumulation of Aβplaques in the parenchyma,an anatomical hallmark of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ cerebral

日粮添加大蒜提取物对杂交犊牛生产性能的影响

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饲料博览 2011年第12期21卷 41-41页

作者： Ghosh s Mehla R k sirohi s k tomar s k 张树金不详

试验采用反刍前荷斯坦杂交犊牛12头研究大蒜提取物对其生产性能的影响。12头犊牛随机分成试验组和对照组,两组的头数相同。通过测定犊牛的平均体增重、采食量(干物质、可消化总养分和粗蛋白)、饲料转化率(干物质、可消化总养分、粗蛋白... 详细信息

试验采用反刍前荷斯坦杂交犊牛12头研究大蒜提取物对其生产性能的影响。12头犊牛随机分成试验组和对照组,两组的头数相同。通过测定犊牛的平均体增重、采食量(干物质、可消化总养分和粗蛋白)、饲料转化率(干物质、可消化总养分、粗蛋白)、粪便评分和粪便大肠杆菌数来评估奶牛的生产性能。两组奶牛的日粮相同。此外,试验组犊牛每天每头添加大蒜提取物250mg·kg-1BW。每周测定犊牛的体重,每天测定采食量两次,每周对饲料和草料进行近似分析,每天进行粪便评分,每周进行大肠杆菌数计数。结果表明,与对照组犊牛相比,试验组犊牛的平均体增重和采食量极显著增加(P<0.01),根据粪便衡量的腹泻严重程度极显著下降(P<0.01)。试验结果表明,犊牛日粮添加大蒜提取物可改善其生产性能。

关键词：大蒜提取物杂交犊牛生产性能日粮添加饲料转化率试验组干物质粗蛋白

Emerging structures and dynamic mechanisms ofγ-secretase for Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 174-180页

作者： Yinglong Miao Michael s.Wolfe Computational Medicine Program and Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina–Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA

γ-secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is a membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the Notch family of cell-surface *** inγ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease.γ-secretase has thus served as a critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and the more common late-onset Alzheimer’s disease as ***,critical gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of processive proteolysis of substrates,the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,and allosteric modulation of substrate cleavage byγ-*** this review,we focus on recent studies of structural dynamic mechanisms ofγ-*** mechanisms,including the“Fit-stay-Trim,”“sliding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been proposed for substrate proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein byγ-secretase based on all-atom molecular dynamics *** an incorrect registry of the Notch1 substrate was identified in the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Notch1-boundγ-secretase,molecular dynamics simulations on a resolved model of Notch1-boundγ-secretase that was reconstructed using the amyloid precursor protein-boundγ-secretase as a template successfully capturedγ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being consistent with biochemical experimental *** approach could be potentially applied to decipher the processing mechanisms of various substrates byγ-*** addition,controversy over the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,particularly the issue of whether they stabilize or destabilizeγ-secretase-substrate complexes,is ***,an outlook is provided for future studies ofγ-secretase,including pathways of substrate binding and product release,effects of modulators on familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein cryo-EM structures drug design intramembrane proteolysis molecular dynamics Notch

Complementary roles of glial cells in generating region-specific neuroinflammatory responses and phagocytosis in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2917-2918页

作者： Leyre Ayerra Maria s.Aymerich Universidad de Navarra Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Bioquímica y GenéticaPamplonaSpain CIMA-Universidad de Navarra PamplonaSpain IdisNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplonaSpain

Neuroinflammation is associated with Parkinson’s disease:Reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease(PD),a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic *** has long been considered a mere consequence of neuronal loss,but whether it promotes PD or is a key player in disease progression remains to be *** leukocyte antigen.

关键词： inflammation leukocyte generating

structural-Nanomechanical Property Correlation of shallow Water shrimp （Pandalus platyceros） Exoskeleton at Elevated Temperature

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第3期11卷 360-370页

作者： Devendra Verma Vikas tomar school of Aeronautics and Astronautics Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

This investigation reports the nanomechanical properties of shallow water shrimp exoskeleton at temperatures ranging from 30 ℃ to 80 ℃ measured using nanoindentation experiments. scanning Electron Microscopy （sEM） measurements suggest that the shrimp exoskeleton has the Bouligand structure in its layers, a key characteristic of the crustaceans. The thickness of the layers and packing density are found to be different from that of lobsters and crabs reported earlier in the literature. Mechanical properties at high temperatures are determined using micro materials nanoindentation test set up combined with the hot stage. The properties measured during nanoindentation test are corrected for the creep and thermal drift during the experiments. The reduced modulus values are found to be around 28 GPa at 30 ℃ that reduces to approximately 24 GPa at 80 ℃. The hardness values also decrease from 1.6 GPa at 30 ℃ to around 1.2 GPa at 80 ℃. The indentation size effect is found to be absent at all temperatures. Creep mechanisms of polymers like materials and its temperature dependence are discussed to give more insight into the deformation mechanism.

关键词： fresh water shrimp nanomechanics temperature dependence creep mechanism

Moisture regime influence on soil carbon stock and carbon sequestration rates in semi-arid forests of the National Capital Region, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2323-2332页

作者： Urvashi tomar Ratul Baishya Department of Botany University of DelhiDelhi 110007India

Understanding the dynamics of soil carbon is crucial for assessing the soil carbon storage and predicting the potential of mitigating carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the biomass and *** present study evaluated variations of soil carbon stock in semi-arid forests in India under diff erent moisture *** organic carbon(sOC)and soil inorganic carbon(sIC)stocks were determined in diff erent moisture regimes ***,post-monsoon,winter and pre-monsoon seasons at 0–10 and>10–20 cm *** stock showed signifi cant variations under different moisture *** highest sOC stock was during winter(22.81 Mg C ha−1)and lowest during the monsoon season(2.34 Mg C ha−1)among all the ridge forests under *** and sIC stock under diff erent moisture regimes showed signifi cant negative correlation with soil moisture(ps a sudden increase in soil moisture after rainfall results in an increase in carbon loss due to microbial decomposition of accumulated carbon during the dry *** was an increase in annual sOC stock and a decrease(or no change in some cases),in sIC stock at both the depths during the study *** sOC and sIC sequestration rates were estimated as any increase/decrease in the respective stock during each successive *** sequestered ranged between 0.046 and 0.741 Mg C ha−1 y−***,sIC sequestration ranged between 0.013 and 0.023 Mg C ha−1 y−1 over all ridge forests up to 20 cm *** Delhi ridge forests,which accounts to 0.007%of the semi-arid regions of India,contribute 0.25–0.32%of the national potential(semi-arid region)for sOC sequestration up to 20 cm *** estimates of the rate of C sequestration in this study provide a realistic image of carbon dynamics under present climatic conditions of semi-arid forests,and could be used in developing a database and formulating new strategies for carbon dioxide mitigation by enhancing soil C sequestration rates.

关键词： soil organic carbon soil inorganic carbon Carbon sequestration Moisture regime semi-arid forests

Probing and understanding interaction of Eu(Ⅲ)withγ-alumina in presenceof malonic acid

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2021年第2期33卷 181-192页

作者： Madhuri A Patel Aishwarya soumitra kar Vaibhavi V Raut B.s.tomar Radioanalytical Chemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMuambai 400085India Homi Bhabha National institute AnushaktinagarMumbai 400094India

Radionuclide migration in aquatic environment is influenced by its sorption onto colloids/mineral oxides and the presence of organic complexing *** a view to understand the sorption of trivalent actinides by mineral oxides in presence of organic acid,in the present study,Eu(Ⅲ),malonic acid(MA)andγ-alumina are considered as representatives of trivalent actinides,low molecular weight natural occurring organic acid and aluminol sites,*** influence of MA on sorption of Eu(Ⅲ)byγ-alumina was elucidated by batch sorption,spectroscopic techniques and surface complexation modeling,for the first *** Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic studies of MA sorbed onγ-alumina revealed the presence of two inner-sphere surface *** sorption for binary(alumina-Eu(Ⅲ))and ternary(alumina-Eu(Ⅲ)-MA)systems were investigated as a function of p H,Eu(Ⅲ)concentration and sequential addition of Eu(Ⅲ)/*** p H edge for Eu(Ⅲ)sorption shifts to higher p H with increasing Eu(Ⅲ)*** ternary systems,Eu(Ⅲ)sorption is significantly enhanced at p Hspeciation onγ-alumina is independent of addition sequence of Eu(Ⅲ)/*** resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of Eu(Ⅲ)sorbed onγ-alumina exhibited two surface species,≡XOEu^2+and(≡YO)2 Eu^(+).The enhancement in I 616/I 592 and lifetime for ternary systems,as compared to binary system,at low p H,indicates the participation of Eu-MA complexes in the formation of surface species in ternary *** diffuse layer model has been employed to successfully model the experimental sorption profiles of binary and ternary systems,using code FITEQL 4.0,by considering the surface species identified by spectroscopic techniques.

关键词： Malonic acid Eu(Ⅲ) γ-alumina sorption ATR-FTIR TRFs surface complexation modeling

seasonality and moisture regime control soil respiration, enzyme activities, and soil microbial biomass carbon in a semi-arid forest of Delhi, India

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 579-591页

作者： Urvashi tomar Ratul Baishya Ecology&Ecosystem Research Laboratory Department of BotanyUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110007India

soil respiration,soil enzymes,and microbial biomass are important in carbon cycling in the terrestrial ecosystem which is generally limited by environmental factors and soil carbon ***,we tried to assess the factors affecting the functional aspects of these processes in a semi-arid *** monitored soil respiration(surface)using a portable infrared gas analyzer(Q-Box sR1LP soil Respiration Package,Qubit systems,Canada)equipped with a soil respiration chamber(Model:G 180).soil respiration was measured at midday during each season throughout the study *** enzymatic activities and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)were analyzed following the standard protocol for a year during peak time in four seasons at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm *** respiration shows significant variation with highest in monsoon(3.31μmol CO2 m−2 s^(−1))and lowest in winter(0.57μmol CO2 m^(−2) s^(−1)).similarly,β-glucosidase,dehydrogenase,and phenol oxidase activity ranged from 11.15 to 212.59μg PNP g^(−1) DW h^(−1),0.11 to 16.47μg TPF g^(−1) DW h^(−1),and 4102.95 to 10187.55μmol ABTs+g^(−1) DW min^(−1),*** ranged from 17.08 to 484.5μgCg^(−1).Besides,soil respiration,soil enzymes(exceptβ-glucosidase),and MBC were significantly correlated with soil ***,optimum moisture and temperature played a significant role in determining variations in soil microbiological processes(exceptβ-glucosidase activity);the carbon cycling in the study area is assisted by enzyme activity;dehydrogenase and phenol oxidase played a significant role in soil respiration;hence,this landscape is sensitive to environmental changes.

关键词： soil respiration Enzyme activities Microbial biomass carbon seasons semi-arid forest

strength and elongation of spray formed Al–si–Pb alloys

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第12期21卷 1222-1227页

作者： Aruna tomar Rashmi Mittal Devendra singh Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

The strength and elongation to fracture of spray deposited Al-si-Pb alloys were studied as a function of lead content, silicon content, and distance from the centre to periphery of the deposit. It is found that the ultimate tensile strength, proof stress and elongation to fracture decrease, linearly and exponentially, with the increase in lead content and porosity of the deposit, respectively. Both the strengths and elongation to fracture linearly increase with increasing distance from the centre to periphery of the deposit. The ultimate tensile strength and proof stress are higher at a higher silicon content and they have a linear relationship with the hardness of the deposit.

关键词： aluminum silicon alloys spray forming tensile strength proof stress elongation