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Brain of the blind:transcriptomics of the golden-line cavefish brain

Current Zoology 2018年第6期64卷 765-773页

作者： Fanwei mENG Yahui ZHAO tom TITUs Chunguang ZHANG John H.POsTLETHWAIT state Key Laboratory of membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Zoological systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Neuroscience University of OregonEugeneOR 97403USA

The genus sinocyclocheilus (golden-line barbel) includes 25species of cave-dwelling blind fish (cavefish)and more than 30 surface-dwelling species with normal *** environments are dark and generally nutrient-poor with few *** of several genera evolved convergent morphological adaptations in visual,pigmentation,brain,olfactory,and digestive systems. We compared brain morphology and gene expression patterns in a cavefish sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus with those of a closely related surface-dwelling species *** showed that cavefish have a longer olfactory tract and a much smaller optic tectum than surface *** by RNA-seq revealed that many genes upregulated in cavefish are related to lysosomes and the degradation and metabolism of proteins,amino acids,and *** down- regulated in cavefish tended to involve "activation of gene expression in cholesterol biosynthesis" and cholesterol degradation in the *** encoding srebfs (sterol regulatory element- binding transcription factors)and srebf targets,including enzymes in cholesterol synthesis,were downregulated in cavefish brains compared with surface fish *** gene encoding Cyp46a1, which eliminates cholesterol from the brain,was also downregulated in cavefish brains,while the total level of cholesterol in the brain remained *** brains misexpressed several genes encoding proteins in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis,including Trh,sst,Crh,Pomc,and *** results suggest that the rate of lipid biosynthesis and breakdown may both be depressed in golden-line cavefish brains but that the lysosome recycling rate may be increased in cavefish;properties that might be related to differences in nutrient availability in caves.

关键词： cavefish cholesterol cyp46a optic tectum sinocyclocheilus transcriptomics

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Compact representations of microstructure images using triplet networks

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npj Computational materials 2020年第1期6卷 369-379页

作者： michiel Larmuseau michael sluydts Koenraad Theuwissen Lode Duprez tom Dhaene stefaan Cottenier Center for molecular modeling Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 46B-9052 ZwijnaardeBelgium Department of Electrical Energy MetalsMechanical Constructions and SystemsGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 46B-9052 ZwijnaardeBelgium IDLab Department of Information TechnologyGhent University-IMECTechnologiepark 126B-9052 ZwijnaardeBelgium OCAs NV/Arcelormittal Global R&D Gent Pres.J.F.Kennedylaan 3B-9060 ZelzateBelgium

The microstructure of a material,typically characterized through a set of microscopy images of two-dimensional cross-sections,is a valuable source of information about the material and its *** pixel of the image is a degree of freedom causing the dimensionality of the information space to be extremely *** makes it difficult to recognize and extract all relevant information from the *** experts circumvent this by manually creating a lower-dimensional representation of the ***,the question of how a microstructure image can be best represented remains *** the field of deep learning,we present triplet networks as a method to build highly compact representations of the microstructure,condensing the relevant information into a much smaller number of *** demonstrate that these representations can be created even with a limited amount of example images,and that they are able to distinguish between visually very similar *** discuss the interpretability and generalization of the *** compact microstructure representations,it becomes easier to establish processing–structure–property links that are key to rational materials design.

关键词： networks Compact microstructure

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Cytocompatible cellulose nanofibers from invasive plant species Agave americana *** Ricinus communis L.:a renewable green source of highly crystalline nanocellulose

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2021年第6期22卷 450-461页

作者： Olga L.EVDOKImOVA Carla s.ALVEs Radenka m.KRsmANOVIC WHIFFEN Zaida O.RTEGA Helena tom.s Joao R.ODRIGUEs CQm-Centro de Quimica da madeira MMRGUniversidade da MadeiraCampus Universitario da Penteada9020-105 FunchalPortugal Faculty of Polytechnics University of Donja GoricaOktoih 18 WOO PodgoricaMontenegro Departamento de Ingenieria de Procesos Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria35017 Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas PalmasSpain school of materials science and Engineering/Center for Nano Energy materials Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

In this study,the fibers of invasive species Agave americana *** Ricinus communis *** successfully used for the first time as new sources to produce cytocompatible and highly crystalline cellulose *** nanofibers were obtained by two methods,based on either alkaline or acid *** morphology,chemical composition,and crystallinity of the obtained materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(sEm)together with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),dynamic light scattering(DLs),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)*** crystallinity indexes(CIs)of the cellulose nanofibers extracted from *** and *** were very high(94.1%and 92.7%,respectively).Biological studies evaluating the cytotoxic effects of the prepared cellulose nanofibers on human embryonic kidney 293 T(HEK293 T)cells were also *** nanofibers obtained using the two different extraction methods were all shown to be cytocompatible in the concentration range assayed(i.e.,0-500μg/mL).Our results showed that the nanocellulose extracted from *** and *** fibers has high potential as a new renewable green source of highly crystalline cellulose-based cytocompatible nanomaterials for biomedical applications.

关键词： Nanofiber Nanocellulose Agave americana L. Ricinus communis L. Crystallinity Invasive species Biomedical application

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Ischemia/reperfusion injury in porcine intestine-Viability assessment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第18期24卷 2009-2023页

作者： Runar J strand-Amundsen Henrik m Reims Finn P Reinholt tom E Ruud Runkuan Yang Jan O Hogetveit Tor I Tonnessen Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424Norway Department of Physics University of OsloOslo 0316Norway Department of Pathology Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424Norway Institute for surgical Research Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424Norway Department of surgery Baerum HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammen 3004Norway Department of Emergencies and Critical Care Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424Norway Institute of Clinical medicine University of OsloOslo 0424Norway

AIm To investigate viability assessment of segmental small bowel ischemia/reperfusion in a porcine *** In 15 pigs, five or six 30-cm segments of jejunum were simultaneously made ischemic by clamping the mesenteric arteries and veins for 1 to 16 h. Reperfusion was initiated after different intervals of ischemia(1-8 h) and subsequently monitored for 5-15 h. The intestinal segments were regularly photographed and assessed visually and by palpation. Intraluminal lactate and glycerol concentrations were measured by microdialysis, and samples were collected for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The histological changes were described and *** Using light microscopy, the jejunum was considered as viable until 6 h of ischemia, while with transmission electron microscopy the ischemic muscularis propria was considered viable until 5 h of ischemia. However, following ≥ 1 h of reperfusion, only segments that had been ischemic for ≤ 3 h appeared viable, suggesting a possible upper limit for viability in the porcine mesenteric occlusion model. Although intraluminal microdialysis allowed us to closely monitor the onset and duration of ischemia and the onset of reperfusion, we were unable to find sufficient level of association between tissue viability and metabolic markers to conclude that microdialysis is clinically relevant for viability assessment. Evaluation of color and motility appears to be poor indicators of intestinal *** Three hours of total ischemia of the small bowel followed by reperfusion appears to be the upper limit for viability in this porcine mesenteric ischemia model.

关键词： Viability histology reperfusion ischemia microdialysis jejunum porcine model

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Comparative morphometric and chemical analyses of phenotypes of two invasive ambrosia beetles （Euwallacea spp.） in the United states

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Insect science 2017年第4期24卷 647-662页

作者： Yigen Chen Paul L. Dallara Lori J. Nelson tom W. Coleman stacy m. Hishinuma Daniel Carrillo steven J. seybold Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis USA UsDA Forest service Pacific Southwest Research Station Davis UsDA Forest service Forest Health Protection San Bemardino California USA Tropical Research and Education Center University of Florida Homestead Florida USA

The polyphagous shot hole borer （PsHB）, Euwallacea sp., was first detected in 2003 in Los Angeles County, California, UsA. Recently, this invasive species has become a major pest of many hardwood trees in urban and wildland forests throughout southern California. PsHB is nearly identical in morphology and life history to the tea shot hole borer （TsHB）, Euwallaceafornicatus, an invasive pest of hardwoods in Florida, UsA and many other parts of the world. However, molecular studies have suggested that the taxa are different species. We conducted morphometric and chemical analyses of the pheno- types of Euwallacea sp. collected in southern California （Los Angeles County） and E. fornicatus collected in Florida （miami-Dade County）. Our analyses indicated that PsHB has 3 larval instars. The third larval instar was separated from the first 2 instars by head capsule width with 0 probability of misclassification. The body length, head width, and pronotal width of PsHB adult males were significantly less than those of females. Head width and pronotal width of female PsHB were significantly less than those of female TsHB. In contrast, body length, and ratio of body length to pronotal width of female PsHB were significantly greater than those of female TsHB. However, females of these 2 species could not be separated completely by these 4 measurements because of the overlapping ranges. Cuticular hydrocarbons detected in both species were exclusively alkanes （i.e., n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, and trimethylalkanes）. Cuticular hydro- carbon profiles of PsHB males and females were similar, but they both differed from that of TsHB females. Cuticular hydrocarbons of PsHB were predominantly internally branched dimethylalkanes with backbones of 31 and 33 carbons, whereas cuticular hydro- carbons of TsHB females were dominated by internally branched monomethylalkanes and dimethylalkanes with backbones of 28 and 29 carbons. multiple compounds within these classes appear

关键词： cuticular hydrocarbons Euwallaceafornicatus larval instars polyphagousshot hole borer scolytidae tea shot hole borer

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Regulation of plasma erythropoietin in chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第19期10卷 2922-2923页

作者： Frank Tacke tom Luedde michael P.manns Christian Trautwein Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical School 30625 HannoverGermany Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical School 30625 HannoverGermany M.D.Professor of Medicine

In a may-issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology, there is a very interesting study by Bruno et al. on erythropoietin (EPO) levels in patients with chronic liver disease. We have very recently reported a similar, but much larger study by Tacke et al. on the role of EPO in chronic liver disease. By comparing Bruno's results with our patient cohort and applying their

关键词： Aged Biological markers Erythropoietin Female Hepatitis, Chronic Humans

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Femoroacetabular offset restoration in total hip arthroplasty;Digital templating a short stem vs a conventional stem

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第2期13卷 139-149页

作者： sheryl de Waard tom Verboom Niels Hendrik Bech Inger N sierevelt Gino m Kerkhoffs Daniël Haverkamp Orthopedic surgery Xpert Orthopedie AmsterdamAmsterdam 1101 EANetherlands Orthopaedic surgery Academic Medical CentreAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands

BACKGROUND Failure in restoring individual anatomy could be a reason for persistent functional limitations post total hip *** offset(FAO)plays an important role in anatomic restoration,as loss of offset≥5 mm is associated with altered gait and decreased functional *** assessment by use of digital templating has shown to be a reliable method for sizing the components in total hip arthroplasty,and can show if anatomic restoration is *** recent years,short stems are growing in popularity as it could allow better restoration due to more variety in *** To assess whether restoration of the FAO differs between a short or a conventional stem by use of digital ***,association of the preoperative offset and caput-colllum-diaphyseal angle(CCD-angle)within restoration of both stems was investigated,and the reliability of measurements was *** A total of 100 standardized hip radiographs were used for digital *** of FAO was classified into“restored”or“not restored”,when amm or≥5 mm difference from baseline value presented,*** between the two stems concerning proportions of correct restoration of the FAO were analyzed by use of mcNemar *** assess association between CCDangle and preoperative FAO with absolute FAO restoration,multi-level analysis was performed by use of a linear mixed model to account for paired *** determination of the optimal point under the curve in operating curve-analysis,bootstrapping of thousand sets was performed to determine the optimal cutoff point of the preoperative FAO for restoration within the limits of 5 *** observers participated for inter-observer reliability,with two observers measuring the radiographs twice for intra-observer *** The mean preoperative FAO was 79.7 mm(range 62.5-113 mm),with a mean CCD-angle of 128.6°(range 114.5°-145°).The conventional stem could only r

关键词： Offset Anatomic offset restoration Total hip arthroplasty short hip stem Conventional hip stem

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seismites resulting from high-frequency, high-magnitude earthquakes in Latvia caused by Late Glacial glacio-isostatic uplift

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2016年第4期5卷 363-380页

作者： A.J. (tom) van Loon matgorzata Pisarska-Jamrozy maris Nartiss maris Krievans Juris soms Geocom Consultants Valle del Portet 17 03726 Benitachell Spain Institute of Geology Adam Mickiewicz University Makow Polnych 16 61-606 Poznan Poland Faculty of Geography and Earth sciences University of Latvia Rainis Blvd. 19 1576 Riga Latvia Department of Geography Daugavpils University Parades 1 LV 5401 Daugavpils Latvia

Geologically extremely rapid changes in attitude by glacial rebound of the Earth crust after retreat of the scandinavian Ice sheet at the end of the last Weichsetian glaciation influenced the patae- ogeography of northern Europe. The up（ift of the Earth crust apparently was not gradual, but shock-wise, as the uplift was accompanied by frequent, high-magnitude earthquakes. This can be deduced from strongly deformed layers which are interpreted as seismites. such seismites have been described from several coun- tries around the Baltic sea, including sweden, Germany and Poland. Now similarly deformed layers that must also be interpreted as seismites, have been discovered also in Latvia, a Baltic country that was covered by an ice sheet during the last glaciation. The seismites were found at two sites： Near Vatmiera in the NE part and near Rakuti in the sE part of the country. The seismites were found in sections of about 7 m and 4.5 m high, respectively, that consist mainly of glaciofluvial and gtaciotacustrine sands and silts. At the Vatmiera site, 7 seismites were found, and at the Rakuti site these were even 12 seismites. The two sections have not been dated precisely up tilt now, but lithological correlations and geomorpho- logical characteristics suggest that the sediments at the Vatmiera site cannot be older than 14.5 ka. Because the accumulation of the section did not take more than about 1000 years, the average recurrence time of the high-magnitude （m≥4.5-5.0） earthquakes must have been maximally only 100-150 years, possibly only 6-7 years. The sediments at Rakuti must also have formed within approx. 1000 years （17-16 ka）, implying a recurrence time of high-magnitude earthquakes of maximaUy once per 100-200 years.

关键词： soft-sediment deformation structures (ssDs) seismites Latvia Glacio-isostatic rebound,Earthquake recurrence time

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Where is the global in global mental health?A call for inclusive multicultural collaboration

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General Psychiatry 2020年第6期33卷 423-425页

作者： tom L Osborn Akash R Wasil John R Weisz Arthur Kleinman David m Ndetei Department of Psychology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA shamiri Institute NairobiKenya Department of Psychology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Anthropology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Department of Global Health and social medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Africa mental Health Research and Training Foundation NairobiKenya Department of Psychiatry University of NairobiNairobiKenya

To the editor:Common mental health disorders,like depression and anxiety,account for 45%of the global disease burden on youths aged 15-29.1 This challenge is particularly significant in low and middle-income countries(LmICs)where risk factors such as poverty,limited treatment options and stigma restrict access to care and exacerbate the burden and magnify the impact of mental disorders.23 Given these barriers,there is an urgent need for research dedicated to expanding mental healthcare for young people in LmICs.

关键词： editor global income

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Tunica albuginea allograft： a new model of LaPeyronie＇s disease with penile curvature and subtunical ossification

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 592-596页

作者： Ludovic Ferretti Thomas m Fandel Xuefeng Qiu Haiyang Zhang Hazem Orabi Alex K Wu Lia Banie Guifang Wang Guiting Lin Ching-shwun Lin tom FLue Department of Urology University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France Department of Urology Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA Hospital d'lnstruction des Armees Robert Picque Villenave D'Ornon France 4Department of Urology Assiut University Assiut Egypt. Department of Urology Assiut University Assiut Egypt.

The pathophysiology of LaPeyronie＇s disease （PD） is considered to be multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, trauma, inflammation and altered wound healing. However, these factors have not yet been validated using animal models. In this study, we have presented a new model obtained by tunica albuginea allograft. A total of 40, 16-week-old male rats were used. Of these, 8 rats served as controls and underwent a 10 × 2-mm-wide tunical excisionwith subsequent autografting, whereas the remaining 32 underwent the same excision with grafting of the defect with another rat＇s tunica. morphological and functional testing was performed at 1, 3, 7 and 12 weeks after grafting. Intracavernous pressure, the degree of penile curvature and elastic fiber length were evaluated for comparison between the allograft and control groups. The tissues were obtained for histological examination. The penile curvature was significantly greater in the allografted rats as compared with the control rats. The erectile function was maintained in all rats, except in those assessed at 12 weeks. The elastin fiber length was decreased in the allografted tunica as compared to control. smAD2 expression was detected in the inner part of the allograff, and both collagen-Ⅱ- and osteocalcin-positive cells were also noted. Tunica albuginea （TA） allograft in rats is an excellent model of PD. The persistence of curvature beyond 12 weeks and the presence of ossification in the inner layer of the TA were similar to those observed in men with PD. Validation studies using this animal model would aid understanding of the PD pathophysiology for effective therapeutic interventions.

关键词： allograft animal model osteogenesis penile curvature penile surgery peyronie's disease

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