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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第4期13卷 269-280页

作者： John f. moxnes 0yvind fr0 yland Ivar J. 0ye tom I. Brate Eva friis Gard 0degardstuen Tallak H. Risdal Norwegian Defence Research Establishment Land Systems Division P.O. Box 25 2027 Kjeller Norway Nammo Raufoss AS P.O. Box 162 2831 Raufoss Norway HPVisTech AS Bj0rnstadgutua 21 2092 Minnesund Norway

3 degrees of freedom(DOf)exterior ballistic computer models are used in fragment studies to calculate individual trajectories of each fragment based on drag coefficient and the projected(presented)area in the direction of velocity of center of *** expectation of a randomly distributed projected area is commonly used for fragments that tumble(random rotation)during *** forecast a model where the expected drag coefficient is dependent of shape and mach *** or tumbling only affects the expected projected *** of projected areas during tumbling and rotation are *** examination of the data by mc Cleskey(1988)indicates that the volume of the fragment to the power of2/3 is a better parameter to characterize the drag coefficient of the fragments than the maximum projected *** simulations are used to verify results and to study projected area and drag coefficient of fragments.

关键词： fragments form factor mach number Drag coefficient Cauchy area Tumbling

Seismites resulting from high-frequency, high-magnitude earthquakes in Latvia caused by Late Glacial glacio-isostatic uplift

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2016年第4期5卷 363-380页

作者： A.J. (tom) van Loon matgorzata Pisarska-Jamrozy maris Nartiss maris Krievans Juris Soms Geocom Consultants Valle del Portet 17 03726 Benitachell Spain Institute of Geology Adam Mickiewicz University Makow Polnych 16 61-606 Poznan Poland faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences University of Latvia Rainis Blvd. 19 1576 Riga Latvia Department of Geography Daugavpils University Parades 1 LV 5401 Daugavpils Latvia

Geologically extremely rapid changes in attitude by glacial rebound of the Earth crust after retreat of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet at the end of the last Weichsetian glaciation influenced the patae- ogeography of northern Europe. The up（ift of the Earth crust apparently was not gradual, but shock-wise, as the uplift was accompanied by frequent, high-magnitude earthquakes. This can be deduced from strongly deformed layers which are interpreted as seismites. Such seismites have been described from several coun- tries around the Baltic Sea, including Sweden, Germany and Poland. Now similarly deformed layers that must also be interpreted as seismites, have been discovered also in Latvia, a Baltic country that was covered by an ice sheet during the last glaciation. The seismites were found at two sites： Near Vatmiera in the NE part and near Rakuti in the SE part of the country. The seismites were found in sections of about 7 m and 4.5 m high, respectively, that consist mainly of glaciofluvial and gtaciotacustrine sands and silts. At the Vatmiera site, 7 seismites were found, and at the Rakuti site these were even 12 seismites. The two sections have not been dated precisely up tilt now, but lithological correlations and geomorpho- logical characteristics suggest that the sediments at the Vatmiera site cannot be older than 14.5 ka. Because the accumulation of the section did not take more than about 1000 years, the average recurrence time of the high-magnitude （m≥4.5-5.0） earthquakes must have been maximally only 100-150 years, possibly only 6-7 years. The sediments at Rakuti must also have formed within approx. 1000 years （17-16 ka）, implying a recurrence time of high-magnitude earthquakes of maximaUy once per 100-200 years.

关键词： Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) Seismites Latvia Glacio-isostatic rebound,Earthquake recurrence time

Where is the global in global mental health?A call for inclusive multicultural collaboration

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General Psychiatry 2020年第6期33卷 423-425页

作者： tom L Osborn Akash R Wasil John R Weisz Arthur Kleinman David m Ndetei Department of Psychology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Shamiri Institute NairobiKenya Department of Psychology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Anthropology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Department of Global Health and Social medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Africa mental Health Research and Training foundation NairobiKenya Department of Psychiatry University of NairobiNairobiKenya

To the editor:Common mental health disorders,like depression and anxiety,account for 45%of the global disease burden on youths aged 15-29.1 This challenge is particularly significant in low and middle-income countries(LmICs)where risk factors such as poverty,limited treatment options and stigma restrict access to care and exacerbate the burden and magnify the impact of mental disorders.23 Given these barriers,there is an urgent need for research dedicated to expanding mental healthcare for young people in LmICs.

关键词： editor global income

Plants as concept generators for biomimetic light-weight structures with variable stiffness and self-repair mechanisms

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2004年第4期1卷 199-205页

作者： Thomas Speck tom masselter Bettina Prim Olga Speck Rolf Luchsinger Siegfried fink KompetenznetzBiomimetik der Universit tfreiburg Sch nzlestr.1 D179104 Freiburg Germany Botanischer Garten der Universit t freiburg Sch nzlestr.1D179104 FreiburgGermany Prospective conceptsag flughofstr.41 CH18152 Glattbrugg Switzerland Institut fur forsfbotanik und Baumphysiologie der Universittfreiburg Sch nzlest:1D179104 FreiburgGemmany

Plants possess many structural and functional properties that have a high potential to serve as concept generators for the production of biomimetic technical materials and structures. We present data on two features of plants (variable stiffness due to pressure changes in cellular structures and rapid self-repair functions) that may be used as models for biomimetic projects.

关键词： bionics biomimetics self-repair pneumatic structures Tensairity Aristolochia

Neuronal photoactivation through secondharmonic near-infrared absorption by gold nanoparticles

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 79-91页

作者： Wieteke D.A.m.de Boer Jan J.Hirtz Antonio Capretti tom Gregorkiewicz mercè Izquierdo-Serra Shuting Han Christophe Dupre Yuriy Shymkiv Rafael Yuste NeuroTechnology Center Department of Biological SciencesColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Van der Waals–Zeeman Institute University of Amsterdam1098 XH AmsterdamNetherlands Present address:Laboratori de fisiologia molecular Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la SalutUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain

Optical activation of neurons requires genetic manipulation or the use of chemical photoactivators with undesirable side *** a solution to these disadvantages,here,we demonstrate optically evoked neuronal activity in mouse cortical neurons in acute slices and in vivo by nonlinear excitation of gold *** addition,we use this approach to stimulate individual epitheliomuscular cells and evoke body contractions in Hydra *** achieve this,we use a low-power pulsed near-infrared excitation at the double-wavelength of the plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles,which enables optical sectioning and allows for high spatial precision and large penetration *** effect is explained by second-harmonic mie scattering,demonstrating light absorption by a second-order nonlinear process,which enables photothermal stimulation of the *** approach also minimizes photodamage,demonstrating a major advancement towards precise and harmless photoactivation for neuroscience and human therapeutics.

关键词： activation harmonic absorption

Tunica albuginea allograft： a new model of LaPeyronie＇s disease with penile curvature and subtunical ossification

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 592-596页

作者： Ludovic ferretti Thomas m fandel Xuefeng Qiu Haiyang Zhang Hazem Orabi Alex K Wu Lia Banie Guifang Wang Guiting Lin Ching-Shwun Lin tom fLue Department of Urology University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France Department of Urology Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA Hospital d'lnstruction des Armees Robert Picque Villenave D'Ornon France 4Department of Urology Assiut University Assiut Egypt. Department of Urology Assiut University Assiut Egypt.

The pathophysiology of LaPeyronie＇s disease （PD） is considered to be multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, trauma, inflammation and altered wound healing. However, these factors have not yet been validated using animal models. In this study, we have presented a new model obtained by tunica albuginea allograft. A total of 40, 16-week-old male rats were used. Of these, 8 rats served as controls and underwent a 10 × 2-mm-wide tunical excisionwith subsequent autografting, whereas the remaining 32 underwent the same excision with grafting of the defect with another rat＇s tunica. morphological and functional testing was performed at 1, 3, 7 and 12 weeks after grafting. Intracavernous pressure, the degree of penile curvature and elastic fiber length were evaluated for comparison between the allograft and control groups. The tissues were obtained for histological examination. The penile curvature was significantly greater in the allografted rats as compared with the control rats. The erectile function was maintained in all rats, except in those assessed at 12 weeks. The elastin fiber length was decreased in the allografted tunica as compared to control. SmAD2 expression was detected in the inner part of the allograff, and both collagen-Ⅱ- and osteocalcin-positive cells were also noted. Tunica albuginea （TA） allograft in rats is an excellent model of PD. The persistence of curvature beyond 12 weeks and the presence of ossification in the inner layer of the TA were similar to those observed in men with PD. Validation studies using this animal model would aid understanding of the PD pathophysiology for effective therapeutic interventions.

关键词： allograft animal model osteogenesis penile curvature penile surgery peyronie's disease

Amorphous Ge-Sb-Se-Te chalcogenide films fabrication for potential environmental sensing and nonlinear photonics

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Journal of.m.teriomics 2022年第5期8卷 1009-1019页

作者： tomas Halenkovic marion Baillieul Jan Gutwirth Petr Nemec Virginie Nazabal Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentska 57353210PardubiceCzech Republic Univ Rennes CNRSISCR(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)e UMR 6226F-35000RennesFrance

Quaternary Ge-Sb-Se-Te chalcogenide thin films were fabricated by rf magnetron sputtering from Ge_(19)Sb_(17)Se_(64-x)Te_(x)(x=5,10,15,20)sputtering targets in order to select appropriate compositions for infrared sensor and optical nonlinear *** influence of chemical composition and deposition parameters on the optical properties,structure and wettability was thus *** amorphous thin films seem to be constituted by selenide entities that can include tellurium atoms in variable proportion such as[GeSe_(4-x)Te_(x)]and[SbSe_(3-x)Te_(x)](x=0,1,2)and Ge(Sb)-Ge(Sb)bonds according to Raman *** angle measurements of the thin films showed values of 68e71for water and their surface energies in the range of~36e39 mJ$m-2 seem suitable for surface functionalization required for photonic sensor ***,the maximum nonlinearity at the telecom wavelength with respect to the highest figure of merit value was found for the thin film with composition Ge_(19)Sb_(17)Se56Te8 having nonlinear refractive index of 28×10^(-18) m2·W^(-1).Due to their low optical bandgap energies,they may find their full interest for nonlinear optics in the mid-infrared *** IR transparency in combination with high(non)linear refractive indices make these materials attractive in the field of midIR sensing and optical nonlinear devices.

关键词： Chalcogenide Thin films Glass Amorphous Optical properties NLO Contact angles Sputtering Raman

Neonatal lamb mortality:major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 451-461页

作者： tom flinn David O.Kleemann Alyce m.Swinbourne Jennifer m.Kelly Alice C.Weaver Simon K.Walker Kathryn L.Gatford Karen L.Kind William H.E.J.van Wettere Davies Livestock Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia Turretfield Research Centre South Australian Research and Development InstituteRosedaleSAAustralia Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

High incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production,constituting a major economic and welfare *** significant advances in genetics,nutrition,and management,the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20%over the past four *** is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal *** review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial *** pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation,and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic *** freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation,with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic *** current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition,though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production *** such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of.m.ternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.

关键词： Lamb survival melatonin Neonatal mortality Reproduction Sheep

A Construction Heuristic for the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem

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American Journal of Operations Research 2012年第2期2卷 153-162页

作者： Joseph Hubert Wilck IV tom m. Cavalier Industrial and Information Engineering Department University of Tennessee Knoxville USA ndustrial and manufacturing Engineering Department Pennsylvania State University

The Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (SDVRP) is a relaxation of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) where customers may be assigned to multiple routes. A new construction heuristic is developed for the SDVRP and computational results are given for thirty-two data sets from previous literature. With respect to the total travel distance, the construction heuristic compares favorably versus a column generation method and a two-phase method. In addition, the construction heuristic is computationally faster than both previous methods. This construction heuristic could be useful in developing initial solutions, very quickly, for a heuristic, algorithm, or exact procedure.

关键词： Vehicle Routing Problem Transportation Construction Heuristics