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Evaluation of the Purification Performance of the Kossodo Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ouagadougou

Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第12期12卷 1128-1143页

作者： Bienvenue Joceline Sawadogo Martine Kone Rose Yamma Stéphane Nonet Philippe Walhain Roseline Kabore toltama sanou Théodore Nana Amado Ouedraogo H. Arsène Yonli National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (NCSTR) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso UFR/SEA Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Research and Expertise Center for Water (CEBEDEAU) Liege Belgium University of Liege-Start Tilman Liege Belgium National Office of Water and Sanitation (NOWS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The efficiency of a wastewater treatment system is classically measured by the quality of its discharge into the aquatic environment. This quality can only be achieved if certain aspects are taken into account, such as the design and operation of the system in place. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the purification performance of this system after 17 years of operation. It should be noted that the lagoon plant (WWTP) has a total of eight basins, three of which are anaerobic (ANA). The evaluation of the physicochemical and microbiological parameters in the anaerobic basins and in the maturation basins allowed us to note slightly basic pH values in the maturation basins (8.7 to 9.2) against values from 6.8 to 7.4 in the anaerobic basins. Also, the values in terms of organic and bacteriological pollution have also evolved. For COD and BOD5, we obtained respectively abatements of more than 73% for filtered COD, 55% for gross COD and 81% for BOD5 even if the residual concentrations do not respect the standards of wastewater discharge in our country. Also, the residual concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the output effluents (on average 12.43 mg/L), do not meet the standard of discharge into surface waters of Burkina Faso (1.29 mg/L). Thus, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus pollution have average abatement rates of 31% and 27% respectively. In sum, we can say that the lagoon system set up does not meet the requirements in terms of quality of discharges, which remains an environmental problem for the receiving environment.

关键词： Mixed Wastewater Natural Lagooning Nitrogen Phosphorus

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Relationships between soil seed banks and above-ground vegetation along a disturbance gradient in the W National Park trans-boundary biosphere reserve,West Africa

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 349-363页

作者： Patrice Savadogo Lassina sanou SDjibril Dayamba Fidele Bognounou Adjima Thiombiano World Agroforestry Centre and International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRAF-ICRISAT) West and Central Africa Region-Sahel NodeBP 12404 NiameyNiger Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique INERADépartement Productions Forestières03 BP 7047Ouagadougou 03BurkinaFaso Unitéde Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre/Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales(UFR/SVT) Universitéde Ouagadougou03 BP 7047Ouagadougou 03BurkinaFaso World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF) West and Central Africa Regional Office-Sahel NodeBP E5118 BamakoMali Département des Sciences Biologiques Université´du QuébecàMontréal2080 rue Saint Urbain8888Montréal QC H3C 3P8Canada

Aims Vegetation succession depends on the availability of suitable prop-agules in the soils,thus knowledge of soil seed banks is essential for formulating effective strategies for restoring the vegetation of degraded *** W National Park,the only trans-boundary bio-sphere reserve in West Africa,is being extensively fragmented and degraded in recent *** aims of this study were to assess the reserve’s soil seed banks,their relationships with standing veg-etation and bundle of disturbances and their potential significance for vegetation *** The size and composition of the above-ground species vegetation were assessed in nine plots of 1 ha each representing a range of habitats with differing disturbance severity(low,intermediate and high).A total of 702 soil samples were taken from three layers(0-3,3-6 and 6-9 cm)and soil seed bank was analyzed using the seed-ling emergence *** Findings Generally,seeds of non-woody taxa dominated in samples from all soil depths and habitats of all disturbance *** mean soil seed density was 17.8,24.4 and 26.3 seeds/dm^(3) in samples from the least,intermediate and most disturbed sites,respectively,and highest in the upper soil layers in all *** results indi-cate that there is limited potential for restoring woody vegetation solely from soil seed banks,and that woody species in the region rely more on recently shed seeds trapped in the standing dead biomass and litter on the ground than soil seed banks for ***,human intervention is needed to accelerate forest recovery,mainly through alleviating anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystem(for instance,avoiding destruction of new seeds by intense fire),and site manipulation to improve environmen-tal conditions for seedling establishment and *** ways of restoring forests than through the soil seed bank(*** seeds collected elsewhere,and planting tree seedlings)could also be relevant.

关键词： disturbance savanna-woodland restoration regeneration seed bank vegetation degradation West Africa

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Enteric parasites prevalence at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第5期4卷 401-403页

作者： Simplice Damintoti Karou Drissa sanou Djeneba Ouermi Salvatore Pignatelli Virginio Pietra Remy Moret Jean Baptiste Nikiema Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Ecole Superieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires(RSTBA-UL) Universite de LomeTogo Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre(UFR/SVT) Universite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Centre medical saint Camille de Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective:To assess the prevalence of parasitic infections among patients attending Saint Camille Medical Centre and to estimate co-parasitic infections ***:From January to December 2009,stool samples were collected from 11 728 persons,aged from five months to 72 years and suffering from *** macroscopic description,the stools were examined by light microscopy to search for the presence of ***:From the 11 728 analyzed stools,6 154(52.47%) were infected with at least one *** frequently encountered were:Giardia intestinalis(43.47%),Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar(30.74%) and Trichomonas irUestinalis(21.72%),while Hymenolepis nana(2.25%) was the most common ***-infections occurred in 22.34%*** the multi-infected samples,dual and triple infections accounted for 71.18%and 20.00%,*** irUestinalis for protozoan and Hymenolepis nana for helminths were the most implicated ***: This study confirms that intestinal parasites are still a public health problem in Burkina *** reduce the incidence of parasitic infections,it is necessary to promote the education of people so that they practice the rules of individual and collective hygiene.

关键词： Gastroenteritis Giardia intestinalis Hymenolepis nana Helminths Burkina Faso

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Contribution to Improving the Management of Sewage Sludge in the Western Region: Case of Bafoussam 1st

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第3期10卷 111-119页

作者： Félicite Obono Mba Ngongang sanou Department of Environmental Sciences National Advanced School of Engineering The University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon

Sanitation is a particularly sensitive issue in the world, especially in Africa where local communities are plagued by the problem of managing sludge which is causing a lot of damage in Africa and mainly in Cameroon. This study aims to contribute to improving the management of sewage sludge in the municipality of Bafoussam 1st. For this study, the methodology used is field survey. The questionnaire was submitted to 120 households in the commune of Bafoussam 1st, in particular, we take into account knowledge of the health and environmental risks that can result from improper handling of sludge and its treatment. The results show that the most widespread sanitation system is traditional latrines. Similarly, 79.19% of those surveyed dump, the sludge collected at the landfill against only 14.28% who dump it in fields and 6.53% have no idea about the fate of the sludge from their sanitary facilities. It should also be noted that 55.83% of the people surveyed are not aware of the health and environmental risks of untreated sewage sludge and therefore do not take the precautions to avoid it. Subsequently, 93.75% of respondents say that the current landfill would be a nuisance and the main nuisances identified are water pollution and subsequent fish poisoning. Physico-chemical analyzes of the sludge revealed values much higher than the values provided for by the WHO standards. Thus, total nitrogen and phosphate ions represented respectively 97 mg/L and 47 mg/L against 35 and 30.4 mg/L for the standard;COD and BOD5 represented respectively 3250 mg/L and 1100 mg/L against 150 and 40 mg/L provided by the WHO standards. It follows the temperature and the MES which gave values of 32.7°C and 1750 mg/L, values much higher than the standard (30°C and 50 mg/L).

关键词： Sewage Sludge Management Treatment Sanitation Bafoussam 1st

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Stabilization of a Lateric Clay from Burkina Faso with Cement-Metakaolin for an Application in Road Construction

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 1-20页

作者： Souleymane sanou Issiaka sanou Moussa Ouedraogo Halidou Bamogo Lohami Valentin Landry Gnoumou Younoussa Millogo Seynou Mohamed Laboratoire de Chimie et Energies Renouvelables (LaCER) Département de Chimie Université Nazi BONI (UNB) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux (LC2M) Département de Chimie Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The objective of this work is to obtain a composite of clay-cement-metakaolin having good mechanical properties and geotechnical. To do this, a lateritic clay from Burkina Faso referenced ALK was characterized by various methods (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, thermal analysis and Inductively Coupled Plasma, Atomic Emission Spectrometry) in order to be used as a base course after adding cement and metakaolin. The results of the mineralogical characterization of this clay showed that it is composed of kaolinite (65.7 wt.%), quartz (19.3 wt.%) and goethite (10.8 wt.%). The geotechnical tests carried out showed that ALK is moderately plastic with a plasticity index Ip = 22%. The optimum moisture content and the maximum dry density are respectively 15.9% and 1.76 g∙cm-3. Simple compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are Rc = 1.59 MPa and ft = 0.149 MPa respectively. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) index at 95% is 40% and above the minimum value of 30% shows that ALK can be used as a sub-base course in road construction. The addition of cement and metakaolin in various proportions improved the CBR index and the mechanical strength of the composites produced. This improvement is due to the formation of hydrated calcium silicate (CSH) resulting from the pozzolanic reaction between the portlandite of the cement and the amorphous silica of the metakaolin. Thus the 2 wt.% metakaolin and 6 wt.% cement formulation with a 95%CBR index of 81% is suitable for the development of a base course in road construction.

关键词： Lateritic Clay Cement Metakaolin Road Construction The California Bearing Ratio Index

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Influence of the Temperature on Coated Bituminous of Road Structures in Senegal (West Africa)

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2020年第4期10卷 321-336页

作者： Birame Diouf Adama Dione Papa sanou Faye Khalil Cissé Mechanics and Modeling Laboratory UFR Engineering Sciences University of Thies Thies Senegal Institute of Earth Sciences Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Materials Mechanics and Hydraulics Polytechnic School of Thies Thies Senegal

The Senegalese road network is strongly influenced in the long term by seasonal variations in climate and weather conditions. Indeed, much of the damage is due to these environmental factors. The objective of this paper is to study the behaviour of bituminous structures under the effect of high temperatures. Material samples were taken for a physico-mechanical characterization of the coated components. The results show that Marshall creep (2.87, 3.39, 5, 5.5 mm) and the bitumen penetrability increase with the increasing of temperatures respectively from 34°C to 45°C and from 20°C to 50°C. Marshall Stability drops from 15.81 kN to 11.31 kN for temperatures between 34°C and 45°C. The simulation carried out on Alize-LCPC shows an increase in distortions of traction at the basis of the rolling layer and at the top of the platform if temperatures vary between 34°C and 45°C. This work makes it possible to conform that the bituminous concrete is thermally sensitive and the hypothesis of fixing the constant modulus of the bituminous layers in Senegal for all projects remains unsuitable for a good dimensioning of sustainable road structures. The knowledge of the equivalent regional temperature will make it possible to produce quality pavements with a long lifespan.

关键词： Asphalt Mixes Coated Senegal Thermo Susceptibility Performance Dimensioning

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Factors Predisposing and Triggering the Phenomenon of Shrinkage-Swelling of Clay Soils in the Urban Center of Diamniadio

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Geomaterials 2023年第2期13卷 23-34页

作者： Khadim Faye Fatou Samb Pape sanou Faye Yves Berthaud Laboratoire de Mécanique et Modélisation UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur UIDT Thiès Sénégal UFR Sciences et Technologies Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Sénégal

The phenomena of shrinkage and swelling of clay induce damage to housing structures every year. Precipitation, climatic changes and drought are the cause of wall cracks due to subsidence or swelling of the supporting soil. This movement alters the balance between the soil and the structures. To explain this defection, the soil is made up of three elements: the solid, the liquid and the gas. Sometimes in a natural way or following a human intervention, one of these elements undergoes an abnormal variation that causes the loss of the balance between land and works. It is in this sense that this article deals on the one hand with the factors of predisposition and triggering of the phenomena of shrinkage-swelling of the clay soils of Diamniadio and on the other hand, the factors of aggravation linked to the lithological heterogeneity and the variation in the thickness of the layers susceptible to shrinkage-swelling. The studies carried out have enabled a deeper understanding of the behavior of expansive soils following their interactions with climate, vegetation, hydrology, hydrogeology, constructions among others, but also the influence of lateral and vertical variations of fine soil facies.

关键词： Swelling Clays Expansive Soil Shrinkage-Swelling Desiccation Cracks Diamniadio

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Analysis of GNSS Interference Impact on Society and Evaluation of Spectrum Protection Strategies

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Positioning 2013年第2期4卷 169-182页

作者： Do Alexis sanou René Jr. Landry Department of Electrical Engineering école de Technologie Supérieure (éTS) Université du Quebec Montreal Canada Department of Electrical Engineering école de Technologie Supérieure (éTS) Université du Quebec Montreal Canada

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology is growing fast in our society and new applications are being introduced at an unprecedented pace. The GNSS products provide worldwide and real-time services using precise timing information, positioning and synchronization technologies. Within years, GNSS applications are becoming more accurate and their precision opens doors to a wide range of applications. Nevertheless, these applications are susceptible to disruption in the operation of GNSS receivers when malfunctions, failures or interference occur. This paper’s objective is to make an overall analysis of GNSS failure impact on society and therefore make a review of GNSS spectrum protection strategies. In the first three sections of this analysis, we survey GNSS applications, their importance and their criticality. While questioning the criticality of GNSS applications, we evaluate their impact on main critical infrastructures and particularly the risks of critical dependencies in case of failure or interference. In the last two sections, we investigate GNSS spectrum interference in relation to its effects on crucial infrastructures. We review the principal Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) sources leading to GNSS and satellite communications (SATCOM) spectrum issues. Alongside, we study various ways to mitigate RFI. This process is essential to further develop and standardize mitigation techniques and to ensure GNSS spectrum immunity against RFI.

关键词： Critical Applications Critical Infrastructures GNSS Mitigation Strategies RFI SATCOM

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Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella in pregnant women attending antenatal private clinic at Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第10期5卷 810-813页

作者： Laure Stella Ghoma Linguissi Bolni Marius Nagalo Cyrille Bisseye Thrse S Kagon Mahamoudou sanou Issoufou Tao Victoire Benao Jacques Simpor Bibiane Kon Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA/LABIOGENE) UFR/SVTUniversite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Departement de Biologie Universite des Sciences et Techniques de MasukuFrancevilleGabon Centre MURAZ Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine(CNTS) Ouagadougou.Burkina Faso Clinique Moussa Kone OuagadougouBurkina Faso Centre Medical Saint Camille OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella among pregnant women at Ouagadougou in Burkina ***:All patient sera were tested for rubella and toxoplasmosis anti-IgG using commercial ELISA kits(PlateliaTMRubella IgG and Platelia? Toxo IgG).The presence of anti-rubella and anti-toxoplasmosis tgM in serum samples was tested using commercial ELISA kits Platelia Rubella TgM and Platelia Toxo ***:Among all the pregnant women tested for toxoplasmosis and rubella,their prevalence were 20.3% and 77.0%,*** women in the age group of 18-25 years showed the highest frequency of anti-toxoplasmosis（34.5%） and anti-rubella IgG（84.6%）.The prevalence of anti-toxoplasma and anti-rubella IgG decreased between 2006 and 2008 from 32.7%to 12.1%and 84.6% to 65.0%,*** was no significant association between age and the mean titer of anti-toxoplasmosis IgG among pregnant ***:The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and rubella is necessary in pregnant women in Burkina Faso because of the low immunization coverage rate of rubella and the high level of exposure to these two infections which can be harmful to the newborn if contracted by women before the third trimester of pregnancy.

关键词： IgG Toxoplasma gondii Rubella Seroprevalence Burkina Faso

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Prevalence of intestinal opportunistic parasites infections in the University hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 512-517页

作者： Ibrahim Sangaré Sanata Bamba Mamoudou Cissé Adama Zida Rabila Bamogo Constant Sirima Bienvenue KYaméogo Roger sanou François Drabo Roch KDabiré Robert TGuiguemdé Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé UniversitéPolytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso01 BP 1091 Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centre MURAZ Unitéde Recherche en Paludisme et Maladies Tropicales NégligéesBobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro sanou Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo OuagadougouBurkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale de l’ouestOuagadougouBurkina Faso Ministère de la Santé Direction de la Lutte contre la MaladieCoordination de la lutte contre les Maladies tropicales NégligéesOuagadougouBurkina Faso

Background:Gastrointestinal parasites infections are widespread in Africa and their prevalence infections vary from country to *** study aimed at assessing the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasites infection and other gastrointestinal parasites infection among patients attending the laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology of the University Hospital Souro sanou of ***:A hospital cross-sectional based study was conducted from April to August,*** were persons whom parasitological examination of stools has been prescribed by a *** stools examination methods included direct wet saline examination,lugol’s iodine staining technique,formol-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelsen *** recorded age and sex information for each ***:The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infections was 65.3%(190/291).Majority of the parasitic infections was waterborne(64.3%)consisting of high prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp.(26.5%)and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(23.4%).The prevalence of opportunistic parasites was 28.9%and Cryptosporidium *** the most prevalent species followed by Blastocystis sp.(1.0%),Cyclospora sp.(0.7%)and Isospora belli(0.7%).The prevalence of intestinal helminthes was 1.7%.Conclusions:The prevalence of intestinal parasitism in general remains high in Bobo-Dioulasso requiring the establishment of adequate diagnostic techniques,treatment and prevention.

关键词： Intestinal opportunistic parasite Prevalence Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

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