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实现升空用连贯的故事线解释各种现象

中国科技教育 2016年第10期 38-44页

作者： Renee Turley Alan Trotochaud Todd Campbell 凌凤

理解，被描述为通过与概念一一学生的想法及教材中的权威概念一一打交道（campbell、Schwarz与Windschitl，2016）来建立连贯一致的故事线、模型和／或解释说明。在本文中，我们描述了通过形成故事线单元来帮助学生理解并解释火箭发射... 详细信息

理解，被描述为通过与概念一一学生的想法及教材中的权威概念一一打交道（campbell、Schwarz与Windschitl，2016）来建立连贯一致的故事线、模型和／或解释说明。在本文中，我们描述了通过形成故事线单元来帮助学生理解并解释火箭发射的教学过程。故事线故事线教学法与《新一代科学教育标准》相一致（NGSS Lead States，2013），该教学法致力于让学生“弄明白”，而不是“了解到”。故事线教学法有如下3个关键维度。

关键词：故事连贯科学教育标准教学法解释说明教学过程火箭发射关键维度

我们所说的错误概念可能是理解这个世界的必要一步

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中国科技教育 2016年第9期 41-46页

作者： Todd Campbell Christina Schwarz Mark Windschitl 卢咏晨康涅狄格大学密歇根州立大学华盛顿大学加拿大皇后大学科学与艺术学院

这篇文章的标题强调了一个在现今学校里并不常见的科学课程学习的观点，即学生和教师们认为错误概念对理解这个世界是有帮助的（NRC，2008）。什么是错误概念？

关键词：错误概念世界课程学习学校文章教师学生

物理学习中模型的开发和运用——围绕科学内容丰富和复杂的自然现象进行基础指导

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中国科技教育 2014年第1期 38-44页

作者： Todd Campbell Drew Neilson Phil Seok Oh 朱方(翻译) 美国犹他州洛根市的洛根高中中国科协青少年科技中心科普项目处

《K—12年级科学教育框架》（NRC，2012）提出的8个科学实践中，帮助学生开发和运用模型已经被许多教育者称为“锚”（Schwarz和Passmore，2012；

关键词：科学内容自然现象物理学习开发模型教育框架科学实践教育者

Evaluation of root traits and water use efficiency of different cotton genotypes in the presence or absence of a soil-hardpan

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 945-953页

作者： Ricardo St Aime Grace Rhodes Michael Jones BTodd Campbell Sruthi Narayanan Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Medical University of South Carolina SC 29425USA Pee Dee Research and Education Center Clemson UniversityFlorenceSC 29506USA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain SoilWater and Plant Conservation ResearchFlorenceSC 29501USA

Cotton(Gossypium spp.) is an important fiber and oil crop grown worldwide. Water and nutrient stresses are major issues affecting cotton production globally. Root traits are critical in improving water and nutrient uptake and maintaining plant productivity under optimal as well as drought conditions.However, root traits have rarely been utilized in cotton breeding programs, a major reason being the lack of information regarding genetic variability for root traits. The objective of this research was to evaluate ten selected cotton genotypes for root traits and water use efficiency. The tested genotypes included germplasm lines(PD 1 and PD 695) and cultivars that are currently grown in the southeastern USA(PHY 499 WRF, PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, DP 1646 B2 XF, DP 1538 B2 XF, DP 1851 B3 XF, NG5007 B2 XF, and ST 5020 GLT). Experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in 2018 and 2019. A hardpan treatment was included in the second year to evaluate the effect of a soil hardpan on root traits and water use efficiency. Genotype PHY 499 WRF ranked at the top and NG5007 B2 XF ranked at the bottom for root morphological traits(total and fine root length, surface area,and volume) and root weight. PHY 499 WRF was also one of the best biomass producers and had high water use efficiency. PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, and PD-1 were the other best genotypes in terms of root traits and water use efficiency. All genotypes had higher values for root traits and water use efficiency under hardpan conditions. This trend indicates a horizontal proliferation of root systems when they incur a stress imposed by a hardpan. The genotypic differences identified in this research for root traits and water use efficiency would be valuable for selecting genotypes for cotton breeding programs.

关键词： Cotton Root traits Water use efficiency Hardpan Genetic variability

Ophthalmic manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii species complex:a case series and review of the literature

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第1期15卷 119-127页

作者： Grace A.McCabe Jack W.McHugh todd Goodwin Douglas F.Johnson Anthony Fok Thomas G.campbell Department of Ophthalmology the Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoria 3050Australia Department of Internal Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota 55902USA James Cook University TownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia NQ Eye Foundation TownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia Department of Infectious Disease the Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoria 3050Australia Department of Neurology the Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoria 3050Australia Centre for Eye Research Australia East MelbourneVictoria 3002Australia Ophthalmology Department of Surgerythe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria 3010Australia

AIM:To report 4 cases of Cryptococcus gattii(C.gattii)species complex infection with diverse ophthalmic manifestations,and to review the literature to examine pathobiology of disease,classical ophthalmic presentations and outcomes,and treatment modalities for this emerging pathogen.METHODS:Cases of C.gattii meningoencephalitis with ophthalmic manifestations were identified via chart review at two institutions in Australia and one institution in the mid-west region of the United States and are reported as a case series.Additionally,a MEDLINE literature review was conducted to identify all reported cases of C.gattii with ophthalmic manifestations from 1990-2020.Cases were reviewed and tabulated,together with our series of patients,in this report.RESULTS:Four cases of C.gattii with ophthalmic manifestations are presented;three from Australia and one from the USA.A literature review identified a total of 331 cases of C.gattii with visual sequelae.The majority of cases occurred in immunocompetent individuals.Blurred vision and diplopia were the most common presenting symptoms,with papilloedema the most common sign,reported in 10%-50%of cases.Visual loss was reported in 10%-53%of cases,as compared to rates of visual loss of 1%-9%in C.neoformans infection.Elevated intracranial pressure,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)fungal burden,and abnormal neurological exam at presentation correlated with poor visual outcomes.The mainstays of treatment are anti-fungal agents and aggressive management of intracranial hypertension with serial lumbar punctures.CSF diversion procedures should be considered for refractory cases.Acetazolamide and mannitol are associated with high complication rates,and adjuvant corticosteroids have demonstrated higher mortality rates;these treatments should be avoided.CONCLUSION:Permanent visual loss represents a devastating yet potentially preventable sequelae of C.gattii infection.Intracranial hypertension needs to be recognised early and aggressively managed.Referral to an ophthalmologist/neuro-ophthalmologist

关键词： Cryptococcus Cryptococcus gattii cryptococcosis ophthalmic manifestation

Impacts of climate change on hydrology,water quality and crop productivity in the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 36-53页

作者： Yiannis Panagopoulos Philip W.Gassman Raymond W.Arritt Daryl E.Herzmann todd D.campbell Adriana Valcu Manoj K.Jha Catherine L.Kling Raghavan Srinivasan Michael White Jeffrey G.Arnold Center for Agricultural and Rural Development(CARD) Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011-1070USA Department of Agronomy 2104 Agronomy HallIowa State UniversityAmes IA 50011-1010USA Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering456 McNair HallNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNC 27411USA Departments of Ecosystem Sciences and Management and Biological and Agricultural Engineering 1500 Research ParkwaySuite B223220 TAMUTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-2120USA Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service808 East Blackland RoadTempleTX 76502USA

Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture is the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus in the stream systems of the Corn Belt region in the Midwestern US.The eastern part of this region is comprised of the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin(OTRB),which is considered a key contributing area for water pollution and the Northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone.A point of crucial importance in this basin is therefore how intensive corn-based cropping systems for food and fuel production can be sustainable and coexist with a healthy water environment,not only under existing climate but also under climate change conditions in the future.To address this issue,a OTRB integrated modeling system has been built with a greatly refined 12-digit subbasin structure based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)water quality model,which is capable of estimating landscape and in-stream water and pollutant yields in response to a wide array of alternative cropping and/or management strategies and climatic conditions.The effects of three agricultural management scenarios on crop production and pollutant loads exported from the crop land of the OTRB to streams and rivers were evaluated:(1)expansion of continuous corn across the entire basin,(2)adoption of no-till on all corn and soybean fields in the region,(3)implementation of a winter cover crop within the baseline rotations.The effects of each management scenario were evaluated both for current climate and projected mid-century(2046-2065)climates from seven global circulation models(GCMs).In both present and future climates each management scenario resulted in reduced erosion and nutrient loadings to surface water bodies compared to the baseline agricultural management,with cover crops causing the highest water pollution reduction.Corn and soybean yields in the region were negligibly influenced from the agricultural management scenarios.On the other hand,both water quality and crop yield numbers under climate change deviated considerably for all seven GCMs compared to the baseline clima

关键词： agricultural management scenarios corn-based systems global circulation models hydrology water quality crop yields SWAT Ohio-Tennessee River Basin